Family of land snails
Helicarionidae is a family of air-breathing land snails or semi-slugs , terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Helicarionoidea .[2]
Distribution
The distribution of Helicarionidae includes the eastern Palearctic , Malagasy , India , south-eastern Asia, Hawaii, and Australia.[3]
Anatomy
Species of snails within this family make and use love darts made of chitin .
In this family, the number of haploid chromosomes lies between 21 and 30 (according to the values in this table).[4]
Taxonomy
The family Helicarionidae is nested within the limacoid clade , as shown in the following cladogram :[3]
Genera
The following genera are recognised in the family Helicarionidae:[5]
Subfamily Helicarioninae
Amenixesta Iredale, 1941 Antiquarion J. Stanisic, 2010 Attenborougharion Hyman & Köhler, 2017 Bathia G.C. Robson, 1914 Brevisentis Hyman, 2007 Burnettia J.Stanisic, 2010 Caldwellia H. Adams, 1873 Chalepotaxis Ancey, 1887 Colmanarion Stanisic, 2010 Ctenoglypta Ancey, 1904 Ctenophila Ancey, 1882 Cucullarion Stanisic, 1998 Dancea Zilch, 1960 Delinitesta Iredale, 1933 Dendrolamellaria Preston, 1913 Dendronitor Iredale, 1933 Dupontia Godwin-Austen, 1908 Echonitor Iredale, 1937 Eddiella Stanisic, 2010 Einasleighana Stanisic, 2010 Elatonitor Stanisic, 2010 Ellarion Iredale, 1941 Epiglypta Pilsbry, 1893 Erepta Albers, 1850 Eufretum H.B. Baker, 1941 Expocystis Iredale, 1937 Fastosarion Iredale, 1933 Fenestrarion Stanisic, 2010 Fijia Gude, 1913 Gudeoconcha Iredale, 1944 Harmogenanina Germain, 1918 Helicarion Férussac, 1821 Howearion Iredale, 1944 Irenella Gude, 1913 Kalidos Gude, 1911 Laconia Gray, 1855 Laocaia Kuzminykh, 1999 Levidens Hyman, 2007 Limpidarion Hyman & Köhler, 2020 Luinarion Iredale, 1933 Mistarion Iredale, 1941 Montanocystis Stanisic, 2010 Mysticarion Iredale, 1941 Nesonanina C.R. Boettger, 1918 Nitor Gude, 1911 Pachystyla Mörch, 1852 Palmervillea Stanisic, 2010 Parmacochlea E.A. Smith, 1884 Parmavitrina Iredale, 1937 Parmella H. Adams, 1867 Parmellops Iredale, 1944 Peloparion Iredale, 1937 Periclocystis Iredale, 1937 Petalochlamys Godwin-Austen, 1907 Plegma Gude, 1911 Pravonitor Iredale, 1937 Pseudophasis Germain, 1918 Pseudosaphtia de Winter, 2008 Pseudosesara Solem, 1962 Quirosella Clench, 1958 Saphtia de Winter, 2008 Sheaia Hyman, 2007 Sigaloeista Shea & O. L. Griffiths, 2010 Sitalarion H.B. Baker, 1941 Stanisicarion Hyman & Ponder, 2010 Tarocystis Iredale, 1937 Thularion Stanisic, 1993 Torrecystis Stanisic, 2010 Tropicystis Stanisic, 2010 Urazirochlamys Habe, 1946 Vanmolia de Winter, 2008 Westracystis Iredale, 1939 Zagmena Iredale, 1941 Subfamily Durgellinae Godwin-Austen, 1888
tribe Durgellini Godwin-Austen, 1888
Aenigmatoconcha C. Tumpeesuwan & S. Tumpeesuwan, 2017 Austenia G. Nevill, 1878 Cryptaustenia Cockerell, 1891 Durgella Blanford, 1863 - type genus of the subfamily Durgellinae[2] Eurychlamys Godwin-Austen, 1899 Holkeion Godwin-Austen, 1908 Ibycus Heynemann, 1863 Muangnua Solem, 1966 Nesaecia Gude, 1911 Pseudaustenia Cockerell, 1891 Rasama Laidlaw, 1932 Rhyssotopsis Ancey, 1887 Rotungia Godwin-Austen, 1918 Satiella W. T. Blanford & Godwin-Austen, 1908 Sitala H. Adams, 1865 Sivella W.T. Blanford, 1863 Sophina Benson, 1859 Teraia Solem, 1966
tribe Girasiini
Girasia Gray, 1855 - type genus of the tribe Girasiini[2]
Burmochlamys Pholyotha & Panha, 2022 Unplaced genera Advena Gude, 1913 Apothapsia D. T. Holyoak & G. A. Holyoak, 2020 Kermarion Iredale, 1944 Ovachlamys Habe, 1946 Pittoconcha Preston, 1913 Ubiquitarion Hyman, Lamborena & Köhler, 2017 
