Consonants
|
IPA[1]
|
Devanagari[1]
|
ISO 15919 [1]
|
English Approximation
|
b
|
ब
|
ba
|
butter
|
bʱ
|
भ
|
bha
|
clubhhouse
|
d[2]
|
द
|
da
|
deal
|
dʱ[2]
|
ध
|
dha
|
redhead
|
dʑ
|
ज
|
ja
|
jazz
|
dʑʱ
|
झ
|
jha
|
hedgehog
|
ɖ
|
ड
|
ḍa
|
American English bird
|
ɖʱ
|
ढ
|
ḍha
|
American English birdhouse
|
ɡ
|
ग
|
ga
|
green
|
ɡʱ
|
घ
|
gha
|
loghouse
|
ɦ
|
ह
|
ha
|
head
|
k
|
क
|
ka
|
sky
|
kʰ
|
ख
|
kha
|
car
|
l
|
ल
|
la
|
leaf
|
m
|
म
|
ma
|
much
|
n
|
न
|
na
|
not
|
ɳ
|
ण
|
ṇa
|
somewhat like grant
|
ɲ
|
ञ
|
ña
|
enjoyable
|
ŋ
|
ङ
|
ṅa
|
bank
|
p
|
प
|
pa
|
sport
|
pʰ
|
फ
|
pha
|
pencil
|
r
|
र
|
ra
|
American atom
|
s
|
स
|
sa
|
sue
|
t[2]
|
त
|
ta
|
still
|
tʰ[2]
|
थ
|
tha
|
tip
|
tɕ
|
च
|
ca
|
catch
|
tɕʰ
|
छ
|
cha
|
choose
|
ʈ
|
ट
|
ṭa
|
carts
|
ʈʰ
|
ठ
|
ṭha
|
trip
|
Marginal Consonants
|
ɕ
|
श[3]
|
śa
|
somewhat like ship
|
ɸ~f
|
फ़[4]
|
fa
|
face
|
j
|
य[5]
|
ya
|
yak
|
ɽ
|
ड़[6]
|
ṛa
|
somewhat like garter
|
ɽɦ
|
ढ़[7]
|
ṛha
|
ṛ and h, somewhat like warhead
|
ʂ
|
ष[8]
|
ṣa
|
somewhat like shot
|
ʋ~w
|
व[9]
|
va
|
vary
|
x
|
ख़[10]
|
k͟ha
|
Scottish loch
|
z
|
ज़/ध़[11]
|
za
|
zen
|
ʑ
|
झ़[12]
|
zha
|
somewhat like vision
|
|
Vowels
|
IPA
|
Devanagari
|
ISO 15919
|
Grierson
|
English Approximation
|
a
|
ॴ, बऻ
|
a[13]
|
ă
|
palm (General American)
|
aː
|
आ, बा
|
ā[14]
|
father
|
æ
|
ऍ, बॅ
|
æ
|
trap
|
e
|
ऎ, बॆ
|
e
|
somewhat like dress
|
eː
|
ए, बे
|
ē
|
somewhat like play
|
ə[15]
|
अ, ब
|
a[13]
|
about
|
əː
|
अ२, ब२
|
ā[14]
|
ä
|
somewhat like nurse (not rhotic)
|
iː[16]
|
ई, बी
|
ī
|
feed
|
ɪ[16]
|
इ, बि
|
i
|
kid
|
o
|
ऒ, बॊ
|
o
|
somewhat like cloth
|
oː
|
ओ, बो
|
ō
|
story
|
ɔ
|
अऽ, बऽ
|
ô
|
å
|
choice
|
uː[16]
|
ऊ, बू
|
ū
|
mood
|
ʊ[16]
|
उ, बु
|
u
|
wood
|
Syllabic vowels
|
l̩[17]
|
ऌ, बॢ[18]
|
l̥
|
bottle
|
ɹ̩[19]
|
ऋ, बृ[18]
|
r̥
|
bird
|
ɹ̩ː[20]
|
ॠ, बॄ[18]
|
r̥̄
|
longer r̥
|
Diphthongs
|
aːi̯
|
ऐ, बै
|
āi
|
price
|
aːu̯
|
औ, बौ
|
āu
|
mouth
|
əi̯
|
ꣾ[21], बꣿ
|
ai
|
somewhat like face
|
əu̯
|
ॵ, बॏ
|
au
|
goat
|
|