Each page on Wikipedia includes links in a number of places: at the screen's top right; across the top in tabs; on the left side in boxes, and disclaimers and other boilerplate text at the bottom of the page.

These features are discussed in detail where they come up throughout this book. This appendix serves as a quick reference when you have a question about what an onscreen element does.

The upper-right corner of your screen contains six links when you're logged in, and four links when you're not logged in. Each of these links takes you to one of your personal account pages, or those of your IP address if you aren't logged in.

[Your username]

Opens your user page; User:Your username goes here. If the page doesn't yet exist, the link is red. "Setting Up Your User Page" describes how to create and use this page. This link only displays if you are logged in.

Talk

Opens your user talk page; User talk:Your username goes here. If the page doesn't yet exist, the link is red. "User talk page postings" discusses user talk pages. If you are not logged in, then this link instead opens a link to the talk page associated with your IP address.

Sandbox

Points to your sandbox (see the section about personal sandboxes), assuming that it exists. This link only displays if you are logged in.

Preferences

Opens a page with lots of tabs. Starts out showing the contents of the first tab, User Profile. The options listed on these tabs let you customize how you experience Wikipedia, as both a reader and an editor. Chapter 20 discusses this customization in detail ("Customizing with preferences"). This link only displays if you are logged in.

Watchlist

Shows the Special:Watchlist report, used for monitoring edits by other editors to pages you're interested in. A lengthy discussion of the use of this report begins on "Wikipedia's standard watchlist". This link only displays if you are logged in.

Contributions

Shows the Special:Contributions report, preloaded with your user name (or IP address if you are not logged in) in the "IP Address or username" field. The report lists all your edits in reverse chronological order, going back to the first edit you ever did. "Monitoring changes" shows what the report looks like.

Log out

Clicking this link logs you out of Wikipedia immediately. If you continue editing while logged out, Wikipedia records the edits under the IP address of the computer you're using, rather than under your user name. ("Why register?" discusses implications of editing using an IP address.) If you are not logged in, a "Log in" link is displayed instead, which points to a form where you enter your username and password to log in.

Create account

Clicking this link (only present when you are not logged in) shows you the form for creating an account. See the section about registering for more details.

At the top of every page in Wikipedia, you can expect to see six tabs (seven tabs if it's a talk page). These tabs let you switch between the main article page, the talk (discussion) page, the page history, and so on.

Article, category, or project page

The name of the leftmost tab indicates the namespace you're in. For example, if you're looking at an article, it says "article". If you're looking at a Project page, it says "project page". (All Project pages have the prefix "Wikipedia:".) if you're looking at a Category page (Chapter 18: Better articles: A systematic approach), it says "category", and so on.

Talk

Displays the talk page associated with an article, Wikipedia instructional page, category, or whatever. (See Chapter 8: Communicating with your fellow editors for details on how to properly use talk pages.)

Edit (or View source)

Clicking this tab takes you to the page's editing screen (the section about the edit page). The vast majority of Wikipedia pages have an "Edit" tab, and you're free to do so.

If you see "View source" rather than "Edit", the page is protected against editing. If you click that tab, you see the page's wikicode and an explanation as to why you can't edit the page.

"+" or "New section" (discussion pages only)

The "+" tab is for adding a new section to talk pages and a few project pages, such as noticeboards and the Help desk. When you click on it, Wikipedia starts a new section at the bottom of a page. As discussed in Chapter 8, use this tab when starting a discussion of a new topic (rather than clicking "edit this page" or editing the existing bottom section, and adding a new heading). User preferences offer the display choice "+" or "New Section".

View history

Shows all edits of the page, going back to the first edit that created the page. (In Wikipedia, an edit is simply the difference between one version of a page and the previous version.) You can also use this page to see all previous versions of the page, with the most recent listed at the top, going back to the very first version. Chapter 5: Who did what: Page histories and reverting explains in detail how to interpret the history pages of articles.

The "edit this page", "move", and "watch" tabs don't apply to history pages—you can't edit them, rename them, or put them on your watchlist. If you click one of these three tabs, you're really acting on the page whose history you were looking at, not the history page itself. That's why when you select the "history" tab, the "article" or "discussion" tab is selected as well, so you can tell what the history page pertains to. Also, that selected tab shows you what page is affected when you click, say, the "move" tab.

Watch/Unwatch (star)

Watching a page means adding it to the list of pages in your Special:Watchlist report. Chapter 6: Monitoring changes explains how to monitor pages using your watchlist.

Move

The "move" tab is found in a drop-down menu labelled "More".

Starts the process of renaming a page. Renaming is extensively discussed in Chapter 17: Categorizing articles.

If you don't see a "Move" tab, the page is protected against being renamed. For example, you can't rename Wikipedia's Main Page. Move protection normally happens when pages have been vandalized by renaming, or where there's been a big controversy over the name.

Search box

Wikipedia's search box is handy for the shortcuts mentioned throughout this book, but, frankly, the underlying search engine isn't very good for general searches. If you don't get to the page you want when you click the magnifying glass, and don't see what you're looking for in the search results, it's time for plan B—using an external search engine—as described in the box at the top of Chapter 4: Creating a new article.

The left side of every Wikipedia page has four boxes, three containing a number of links. The links in some of the boxes change depending on what type of page you're looking at (article, user, and so on). If you come across technical documentation, you'll find that these boxes and links are referred to, collectively, as the Quickbar or the sidebar.

Navigation box links

These links take you to various Wikipedia entry points. They're intended more for readers than for editors.

Main page

Takes you to Wikipedia's Main Page, which changes daily. You see the day's featured article and picture, lists of new articles and hot news topics, an "on this day" section, and links to other parts of Wikipedia.

Contents

This page describes all the reference lists (overviews, lists, glossaries, and so on) and indices available to browse Wikipedia. It's lengthy, comprehensive, and fairly boring.

Current events

Shows the "Current events" portal, which has links to new or updated Wikipedia stories about headline news and other current events.

Wikipedia's mission isn't to supply breaking news, so there's a link to a separate project, Wikinews, for those who want to write news stories. The news coverage at Wikinews is much less than at Wikipedia, though, due to the relatively few active editors at Wikinews.

Random article

Takes you to a completely random article among the three million-odd articles on Wikipedia. Clicking the link 20 or so times will give you a pretty good idea of the range of Wikipedia articles, in terms of both topic and quality.

About Wikipedia

This page has all the facts and figures about Wikipedia. This information may interest readers and potential editors, but it's especially good if you want to use Wikipedia for research or citation, or if you're just curious about Wikipedia's history and ownership. You can learn more about these topics in this book's Introduction, and Appendix C: Learning more.

Contact us

A wide range of links for the press, readers, and editors. (No, Wikipedia doesn't have an 800 number to call with complaints. Neither does the Wikimedia Foundation.)

Donate

Wikipedia runs solely on donations. Credit cards and other forms of payment are gladly accepted.

Contribute section

This section has a grab bag of links, all loosely related to different ways you can edit Wikipedia.

Help

Goes to the Help:Contents page, an organized overview of Wikipedia for editors. This page is discussed extensively in Appendix C.

Learn to edit

Goes to Help:Introduction, the beginning of a (significantly shorter than this manual) tutorial on how to edit Wikipedia.

Community portal

Clicking this link is like going backstage at Wikipedia. Just as if you wander backstage at a busy theater, someone's sure to put a prop in your hand or ask you to help raise the curtain, the Community portal page is buzzing with gobs of links to projects that need a hand, groups that want help with articles, and more. There is also a link to Wikipedia's internal newsletter—The Wikipedia Signpost.

Recent changes

The Recent changes page (Special:RecentChanges) takes a dip into the stream of Wikipedia edits—the more than 100,000 daily changes to Wikipedia. You can change the namespace to limit what you see; for example, you can choose "(Main)" to see just edits to articles. You can narrow which edits you see; for example, showing only edits by IP (anonymous) editors, in case you're on the prowl for vandals. In fact, the Recent changes page is primarily for vandal-fighting, as discussed in the section about dealing with vandalism.

Upload file

Starts the process of uploading an image to Wikipedia (for details, see Chapter 15).

Tools section

The first three links in the Toolbox are primarily for editors, the last three for readers.

What links here

Lists all the incoming links to the page where you are. As an editor, you'll find this useful in several ways:

• When you're creating an article (Chapter 4) or improving one (Chapter 18), you can identify outgoing links to improve the article.
• When looking at a disambiguation page, you can identify incoming links that need to be fixed (Chapter 16).
• When you're trying to figure out how a template works by looking at pages that use it. (All pages that use a template link to the template page.)
• When you're trying to figure out whether a Wikipedia instructional page is often cited or virtually ignored.

Related changes

Shows the page Special:RecentChangesLinked. Here's an example of how it works: Suppose you're looking at article A, which has wikilinks to articles X, Y, and Z. Clicking the "Related changes" link displays a report showing recent edits to those three articles. Chapter 6 describes using this page as part of an additional watchlist.

Special pages

Lists about 60 of these pages, essentially one-time reports, which are like snapshots and can't be edited. Among the most common that you'll use as an editor is the Special:Contributions report (the section about user contribution pages) and the Special:Watchlist report (the section about watchlists).

Permanent link

Equivalent to clicking the most recent version of a page in the page's history tab. The URL points to that version, so you can use it as a permanent link.

Page information

Takes you to a page with a summary of information about the page you are viewing. This includes the page's size, how many redirects point to it, who created it, when it was last modified, the number of distinct users who have edited it, and a list of the templates used by the page.

Wikidata item

Takes you to the Wikidata item about the article, if one exists. For example, the Wikidata item for this appendix is d:Q8616106. Wikidata items are used primarily to store interwiki links, but can also store other miscellaneous data for use in templates, such as infoboxes.

Cite this page

Appears only when a page is an article. It provides a cut-and-paste citation for that article in a wide variety of formats (APA style, MLA style, BibTeX entry, and so on).

Print/export Links

Contains two different methods of exporting the content of an article. This section only appears on articles.

Download as PDF

Downloads the current page as a PDF file, which you can read or print using software such as Adobe Reader.

Printable version

Generates a page without all of the tabs, boxes, and links described in this Appendix, which is more suitable for printing. For non-article pages, this link instead appears in the "Tools" section.

Languages

This link appears only when an editor has included at least one link within the English Wikipedia page to a comparable page in another language version of Wikipedia. Such links are called interlanguage links. Most articles in the English Wikipedia don't have a link to a comparable page on another language Wikipedia. Most of the larger articles, such as featured articles, do have such links.

The body of a Wikipedia page is where the content goes. It's a blank page Wikipedia provides for editors to fill in. On regular Wikipedia pages, category links always appear at the very bottom of a page's body. All other types of links, including the table of contents, can show up wherever the editor wants to put them.

However, as discussed in Chapter 14: Creating lists and tables, there are standards for article pages: which sections go where, and how sections should be named, and where the table of contents goes. Still, these are human-monitored standards, not software-determined formats, so if you see something unusual, take a look—it may be something that needs fixing.

There are two kinds of pages where human editors can't add or edit links:

• Special pages. Special pages are automatically generated one-time reports. Since you can't edit these pages, you can't add links to them.
• Category pages. The body of a Category page is essentially a bunch of links that the software has kept track of.

At the bottom of every Wikipedia page you'll find a standard set of links, as shown in Figure A-1. These links take you to Wikipedia's privacy policy, about page, disclaimers, Contact Us page, an information page about the developers of Wikipedia's source code, various statistics, and finally the mobile version of the website.

When you click the "edit" link, the page's format changes.

Edit toolbar

At the top of the page when you're in editing mode, you see the edit toolbar (Figure A-2).

Most icons on the toolbar work in either of two ways:

• If you select text and then click an icon, then you format the selected text.
• If you don't select any text, then when you click on an icon, the software adds and formats some sample text for you, highlighting it so you can replace it with your own text.

Some icons, instead of adding text to the edit window, open a dialog box you fill out. Some other icons, such as signature icon (), insert specific text into the edit box, wherever the cursor is, instead.

One preference lets you hide the edit toolbar if you never use it (see the section about the "Editing" section of your preferences). If you haven't turned the toolbar off, but you don't see it, or it doesn't function correctly, then you may not have JavaScript turned on (see the section about enabling JavaScript).

Edit box

The edit box is where you find (or enter) the wikicode that creates content for a Wikipedia page. If you're creating a page, it starts out as a big, empty box. You can specify the size of the edit box in your preferences (see the section about the "Editing" section of your preferences).

Below the edit box

Below the edit box, you find a large amount of text in blue, as shown in Figure A-3. Clicking one of these items inserts something into the edit box—something that would otherwise require a lot of typing or cryptic codes. At the left side of the toolbar, these is a drop-down menu, allowing you to select a large number of different sets of characters.

A number of important buttons are located below the text in blue (Figure A-4).

• Cancel. Cancels your edit and goes back to reading mode.
• Edit summary. As explained on in Chapter 1, always explain your edit by putting something into the edit summary box.
• "This is a minor edit" checkbox. Turn on this box if you're making an edit that's so tiny it could never be the subject of dispute—like changing a misspelling or punctuation.
• "Watch this page" checkbox. Adds a page to your watchlist (Chapter 6).
• "Publish changes" button. Click here when you've finished your edit. (Don't forget to enter an edit summary and preview the page first.)
• "Show preview" button. It's always a good idea to check your work before publishing it (the section about previewing).
• "Show changes" button. Shows the difference, above the edit box, between the current version of the section or page you're editing and the section or page as you've changed it. (In other words, it's a diff of your yet-to-be-published edit.) It's useful if you've forgotten what you've done; or to check whether you've deleted some text by mistake; or to recover some deleted text without having to go back to the article, in another window, and copy from there.

List of transcluded pages

Finally, at the very bottom of the edit window is a list of transcluded pages—generally, but not always, these are templates (Chapter 1). This list is extremely helpful in figuring out, on the rare occasions that page displays are odd, whether the problem might be in the wikicode that a template adds to a page.

When you're viewing a user page or user talk page, you'll see three more links in the middle of the toolbox.

User contributions

Shows all edits by the editor whose user or user talk page you're looking at. Chapter 6 shows what the report looks like. This report lets you check for unreverted vandalism or spam by someone who just vandalized or spammed an article. It also help you get a more general sense of whether an editor is doing constructive edits or not.

Chapter 7: Dealing with vandalism and spam discusses a "revert, review, report or warn" process for vandalism; this report is one of the major parts of the review step. It also has a link to a page that shows whether the editor has been previously blocked.

Logs

Shows a combined display of a number of different logs: upload, patrol, page move, user creation, deletion, protection, user block, user renaming, and user rights. (The last five are logs of actions that normal editors can't do.)

You can narrow the list of edits in three ways:

• By selecting a log type
• By selecting the user name for a user of interest
• By selecting a page name ("Article", or "User talk:Username", for example)

Normal edits aren't in any of those logs; for those, see the Recent changes special page (filterable by namespace), or use the User contributions special page, or use a page history.

Email this user

If an editor has not set up email with Wikipedia, you don't see this link. If you do see it and you've also turned on email, then you can email that editor. Details on this email process are in the section about email.

If you like to keep your hands on your keyboard, typing key combinations to save time rather than using the mouse, you may be surprised not to find many keyboard shortcuts sprinkled throughout this book. Wikipedia does have such shortcuts, but the exact key combinations depend not only on your operating system (Mac or Windows) and your Web browser, but even the version of the Web browser you're using.

The page Wikipedia:Keyboard shortcuts (shortcut: WP:K) tells you what special keys to press in combination letter or number keys to do something. For example, in Internet Explorer for Windows, Shift+Alt+Z takes you to the Main Page. A number of the keystrokes work for administrators (sysops) only. But you'll find keyboard shortcuts for the Wikipedia features in the following locations:

• The search box
• Buttons below the edit box, like "Show preview" and "Publish changes"
• The standard tabs along the top of the page
• The six links at the upper-right of the screen