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((Short description|Features distinctive of Swiss Standard German that distinguish it from Standard German))
((more citations needed|date=November 2013))
'''Helvetisms''' ([[Neo-Latin]] ''[[Helvetia]]'' "[[Switzerland]]" and ''[[:wikt:-ism|-ism]]'') are features distinctive of [[Swiss Standard German]], that distinguish it from [[Standard German]]. The most frequent Helvetisms are in [[vocabulary]] and [[pronunciation]], but there are also some distinctive features within [[syntax]] and [[orthography]].

The [[French language|French]] and [[Italian language|Italian]] spoken in Switzerland have similar terms, which are also known as Helvetisms. Current French dictionaries, such as the [[Petit Larousse]], include several hundred helvetisms.<ref name="Clyne1992">((cite book|author=Michael G. Clyne|title=Pluricentric Languages: Differing Norms in Different Nations|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wawGFWNuHiwC&pg=PA164|access-date=7 September 2013|year=1992|publisher=Walter de Gruyter|isbn=978-3-11-012855-0|page=164))</ref>

==Background==
The definitive work for German orthography, the [[Duden]], explicitly declares a number of helvetisms as correct Standard German – albeit with the ''[schweiz.]'' annotation, denoting that the usage of the word is limited to Switzerland. However, not all words may be considered part of the "Swiss standard language"/"Swiss standard German" category, because frequency of usage must be evaluated as well; if this does not apply, or if a word's use is known to span only one or more specific dialectal regions, the word must be categorized "dialectal" (German: ''mundartlich'', often abbreviated ''mdal.'')

In orthographical terms, the most significant difference to Standard German outside Switzerland is the absence of ''[[ß]]'' (eszett). (After having been officially abandoned in the [[Canton of Zürich]] in 1935, this character gradually fell into disuse, until it was eventually dropped by the ''[[Neue Zürcher Zeitung]]'' in 1974.)

In everyday language, Helvetisms may be used both consciously and unconsciously by a Swiss German native speaker. Classic examples of Helvetism usage throughout entire literary works are found in a large part of Swiss literature, notably [[Jeremias Gotthelf]]'s novels located in the [[Emmental]]; a contemporary example would be [[Tim Krohn]] in his ''Quatemberkinder''. Another group, the most notable of whom is [[Peter Bichsel]], deliberately use Helvetisms to arouse a sort of emotional attachment to the readers' home country: Bichsel is notorious for using dialectal words like ''Beiz'' (instead of ''Kneipe'' [English: "pub"]), or ''Kasten'' (instead of ''Schrank'' [English: "cupboard/cabinet/closet"]) in his "San Salvador" short story. Lastly, there is yet another group of authors whose readers are known to be located all over the German-speaking territory (Germany, Austria, Switzerland as well as some smaller minorities in other European countries) and therefore traditionally refrain from using any Helvetisms in their literary works.

In addition, words which are used outside Switzerland, but which  originate from Swiss German may be called "Helvetisms".

Analogously to "Helvetisms", there are also Austricisms and [[Germanism (linguistics)|Germanisms]] (also ''Teutonicisms'').

== Examples of Helvetisms ==

===Figures of speech===
*''mit abgesägten Hosen dastehen'' (''den kürzeren gezogen haben'', being in an unlucky and hopeless situation)
*''aus Abschied und Traktanden (fallen)'' (''außer Betracht fallen'', when a thing doesn't matter anymore)
*''es macht den Anschein'' (''es hat den Anschein'', it seems)
*''in den Ausgang gehen'' (''ausgehen'', going out)
*''von Auge'' (''mit bloßem Auge'', by naked eye)
*''ausjassen'' (''aushandeln'', bargaining something/negotiating)
*''von Beginn weg'' (''von Beginn an'', from the beginnings)
*''ab Blatt (spielen)'' (''vom Blatt spielen''/''ohne Übung'', playing a piece for the first time, seeing the notes for the first time/not having practised)
*((lang|gsw|bachab schicken)) (''etwas verwerfen'', refusing or dismiss something, e.g., a project)
*''Einsitz nehmen'' (''Mitglied in einem Gremium werden'', becoming a member of a gremium)
*''dastehen wie der Esel am Berg'' (''dastehen wie der Ochse vorm Berg'', getting stuck and perplexed by an unexpected situation)
*''die Faust im Sack machen'' (''die Faust in der Tasche ballen'', holding back/hiding aggression)
*''innert nützlicher Frist'' (''angemessen schnell'', in a quick way)
*''das Fuder überladen'' (''des Guten zuviel tun'', doing too much)
*''handkehrum'' (''andererseits'', on the other hand)
*''Hans was Heiri'' (''Jacke wie Hose'', when two things result in the same or are the same; either way)
*''es hat'' (''es gibt'', there are)
*''sein Heu nicht auf derselben Bühne haben mit'' (''nicht dieselben Ansichten haben wie'', to not find somebody's personality very appealing, having other interests/attitudes)
*''jemandem geht der Knopf auf'' (''jemandem geht ein Licht auf'', suddenly getting an idea to solve a problem; "a light bulb goes up")
*''den Rank finden'' (''eine Lösung finden'', finding a solution)
*''zu reden geben'' (''für Gesprächsstoff sorgen'', a thing being controversial, being much discussed)
*''kein Schleck'' (''kein Honigschlecken'', no picnic)
*''neben den Schuhen stehen'' (''falsch liegen''/''sich nicht wohl fühlen in seiner Haut'', to not feel well in a situation)
*''es streng haben'' (''viel zu tun haben'', having a lot of work)
*''in Tat und Wahrheit'' (''in Wirklichkeit'', the truth is...)
*''einen Tolggen im Reinheft haben'' (''einen (Schönheits-) Fehler haben'', having one single flashy mistake)
*''gut tönen'' (''gut klingen''/''vielsprechend sein'', sounding good/interesting)
*''gut schmecken'' (''gut riechen'', to smell good; the literal translation would be tasting good)
*''keinen Wank tun/machen'' (''sich nicht rühren'', to be still, not moving)
*''es wird sich weisen'' (''es wird sich zeigen'', the future will show it)
*''werweisen'' (''hin und her raten'' or ''sich nicht entscheiden können'', guessing without a clue, or not being decisive)
*''Jetzt ist genug Heu unten'' (''Jetzt reicht es!'', enough!)
*''(etwas) versorgen'' (''einräumen'' put something into [e.g. a cupboard or a cabinet]; in Standard German, ''versorgen'' means to attend to someone)

===Swiss specifics===
In the area's cuisine, local culture and politics, there are numerous peculiarities that are not well known outside Switzerland and which do not have an equivalent standard German expression.  
*Cuisine: ''[[Älplermagronen]]'' (meal with cut potatoes, ''Hörnli'' (''Pipette Rigate''), cream and melted cheese, ''[[Basler Läckerli]]'', ''Gnagi'', ''Kaffee fertig'' (coffee with schnaps), ''[[Quorn (food product)|Quorn]]''
*Local culture: ''[[Hornussen (Sport)|Hornussen]]'' (a native throwing game, especially in the [[Canton of Bern]]), ''der/das Nouss'' ("dish" used in Hornussen), ''[[Schwingen]]'' (a kind of ring fight), ''Schwinget'' (tournament for said ring fight)
*State: ''Gemeindeversammlung'' (gathering of the voting community), ''[[Cantons of Switzerland#Half-cantons|Halbkanton]]'' (half-canton), ''[[Initiative]]'', ''[[Landsgemeinde]]'', ''[[Ständerat]]'', ''[[Ständemehr]]'', ''[[Vernehmlassung]]''

== Pronunciation ==
((Main|Swiss German|Swiss Standard German))
Because of their characteristic pronunciation, speakers of Swiss Standard German will be instantly recognized by other German speakers in most cases.

In general, the pronunciation of Swiss Standard German is influenced by the respective Swiss German dialect of each speaker. The degree of that influence may vary according to their education.

===Stress===
Swiss German exhibits a strong trend toward stressing all words on the initial syllable:
*Family names including a [[preposition]] (such as ''von'') are accented on the preposition rather than on the following word.
*[[Acronyms]] are stressed on the first letter rather than the last.
*Many loanwords are stressed on the first syllable regardless of how they are pronounced in the original language. Examples include ''Apostroph'', ''Billet'', ''Filet'', ''Garage'', ''Papagei'', ''Portemonnaie'' and the exclamation ''Merci'' (''thank you'', borrowed from French).

===Consonants===
*/b d g z/ are voiceless [[lenis|lenes]] ((IPA|[b̥ d̥ ɡ̊ z̥]))
*There is no [[final-obstruent devoicing]].
*/v/ is pronounced as an [[approximant]] ((IPA|[ʋ])); in some words, it is replaced by a voiceless lenis ((IPA|[v̥])), e.g. in ''Möve'' or ''Advent''.
*Double consonants are often [[gemination|geminated]], e.g. ''immer'' as ((IPA|[ˈɪmːər])).
*Initial ((angbr|ch)) is pronounced as a ((IPA|[x])), for instance in local names like [[Chur]] and [[Cham ZG|Cham]] or in foreign words like ''China'' or ''Chemie'', ''Chirurgie'' etc.
*The ending ((angbr|-ig)) is pronounced ((IPA|[-ɪɡ̊])), not ((IPA|[-ɪç])), e.g. ''König'' ((IPA|[køːnɪɡ̊])) 'king'
*((angbr|chs)) is pronounced [xs] or [çs], not [ks], e.g. ''Dachs'' as [((lang|gsw|daxs))] or ''sechs'' as ((IPA|[z̥ɛçs])) 'six'.
*((angbr|r)) is not vocalized (that is, SSG is [[Rhoticity in German|rhotic]]). In Switzerland, ''Vater'' 'father' is pronounced ((IPA|[ˈfaːtər])) and not ((IPA|[ˈfaːtɐ])).
*In Switzerland (except the eastern part and Basel-Stadt) the alveolar ((IPA|[r])) is more usual than the uvular ((IPA|[ʀ])) or ((IPA|[ʁ])).
*There is often no [[glottal stop]] which in other varieties of German is present at start of vowel-initial words.
*For some speakers, ((IPA|/x/)) is always pronounced as ((IPA|[x])), and not differentiated into [x] and [ç], e.g. in ''nicht'' ((IPA|[nɪxt])) instead of ((IPA|[nɪçt])) 'not'.
*For some speakers, ((IPA|/k/)) is pronounced as velar [[affricate]] ((IPA|[k͡x])), e.g. ''Kunst'' ((IPA|[k͡xʊnst])).
*For a few, ((IPA|/st sp/)) are pronounced ((IPA|[ʃt ʃp])) instead of ((IPA|[st sp])) in all positions, e.g. ''Ast'' as ((IPA|[aʃt])) 'branch'.

===Vowels===
*Unstressed ((angbr|e)) is often not pronounced as [[schwa]], but as ((IPA|[e])) or ((IPA|[ɛ])), e.g. ''Gedanke'' ((IPA|[ɡ̊ɛˈd̥aŋkɛ])) or ((IPA|[ɡ̊eˈd̥aŋke])) 'thought'.
*((angbr|ä)) is usually pronounced as an open ((IPA|[æ])) like in English "hat", "patch".
*Depending on the dialect, ((angbr|a)) may be pronounced as a back ((IPA|[ɑ]))).
*Depending on the dialect, short vowels may be pronounced more closed, e.g. ''Bett'' ((IPA|[b̥et])) instead of ((IPA|[b̥ɛt])) 'bed', ''offen'' ((IPA|[ˈofən])) instead of ((IPA|[ˈɔfən])) 'open', ''Hölle'' ((IPA|[hølːe])) instead of ((IPA|[ˈhœlːe])) 'hell'.
*Depending on the dialect, long vowels may be pronounced more open, e.g. ''See'' ((IPA|[z̥ɛː])) instead of ((IPA|[ˈz̥eː])) 'lake', ''schon'' ((IPA|[ʃɔːn])) instead of ((IPA|[ʃoːn])) 'already', ''schön'' ((IPA|[ʃœːn])) instead of ((IPA|[ʃøːn])) 'beautiful'.

===Prosody===
A special feature of Swiss Standard German, is a somewhat "singing" cadence. That means that each word's stressed syllable isn't only marked through the higher voice volume, but also through a distinguishable modification of the voice's sound. In general, the pitch of the stressed syllable sinks.((citation needed|date=May 2019))

*In the announcement ''Profitieren Sie!'' (Benefit!) in the shopping malls' transmissions, the pitch sinks from ''pro-'' to ''-fi-'', until it has reached the deepest point at ''-tie-''; at ''-ren'' and ''Sie'' the voice approximately reaches its original pitch again.

==Orthography==
In orthography, the most visible difference from Standard German usage outside Switzerland is the absence of ''[[ß]]'' (officially abolished in the [[Canton of Zürich]] in 1935; the sign fell gradually out of use and was dropped by the ''[[Neue Zürcher Zeitung]]'' (''NZZ'') in 1974).

French and Italian [[loanword]]s are written in their original forms in spite of the spelling reform. ''Majonäse'' stays ''Mayonnaise'', and ''Spagetti'' stays ''Spaghetti''. The ''NZZ'' uses the spelling ''placieren'' (''to place'', from French ''placer'') rather than ''platzieren'', which is more common elsewhere.

Geographical names, such as streets, are mostly written together: ''Baslerstrasse'', ''Genfersee'', ''Zugerberg'' etc. Compound terms relating to nationality are often written as one word, such as ''Schweizergrenze'' ("Swiss border") and ''Schweizervolk'' (Swiss people) instead of ''Schweizer Grenze'' and ''Schweizer Volk''.
The names of municipalities, towns, stations, and streets are often not written with a starting capital [[Umlaut (diacritic)|umlaut]], but instead with ''Ae'', ''Oe'' and ''Ue'', such as the Zürich suburb [[Oerlikon (Zürich)|Oerlikon]], or the hamlet [[Aetzikofen]], or the Bernese municipality [[Uebeschi]].<ref>((cite web |url=https://www.cadastre.ch/content/cadastre-internet/de/manual-av/publication/recommendation.detail.document.html/cadastre-internet/de/documents/av-empfehlungen/Empfehlung-Schreibweise-Gemeinde-Ortschaftsnamen-de.pdf.html |title=Empfehlungen zur Schreibweise der Gemeinde- und Ortschaftsnamen, Richtlinien zur Schreibweise der Stationsnamen |publisher=Bundesamt für Landestopografie, Bundesamt für Verkehr, Bundesamt für Statistik |language=German |format=PDF |type=Federal Recommendation |page=20 |edition=Version 1.0 |date=20 January 2010 |quote=In der Schweiz sind auf historischen Karten grosse Umlaute mit Ae, Oe und Ue bereits vor der Einführung der Schreibmaschine um ca. 1880 zu finden. Der Umstand, dass später auf der Schweizer Schreibmaschinentastatur keine Ä, Ö, Ü existierten, dürfte diese Schreibtradition gefördert haben. Heute wo die Schreibung Ä, Ö und Ü ohne weiteres möglich wäre, wurden wegen der einheitlichen Schreibweise in Verzeichnissen die grossen Umlaute von Gemeinde-, Ortschafts- und Stationsnamen konsequent als Ae, Oe und Ue geschrieben. ... Umlaute von A, O, U am Anfang von Flurnamen schreibt man gewöhnlich als Ä, Ö, Ü. Falls entsprechende Namen als Gemeinde oder Ortschaft existieren oder falls es sich um öffentliche Bauwerke handelt, werden die Umlaute häufig als Ae, Oe, Ue geschrieben |access-date=2014-05-16 ))((Dead link|date=January 2020 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes ))</ref> However, field names, such as Äbenegg, Ötikon (near Stäfa), or Überthal, and any other word, such as ''Ärzte'' (English: physicians), usually start with capital umlauts.<ref name=GeoStrassenNamen>((cite web |url=http://www.cadastre.ch/internet/cadastre/de/home/topics/geonames/doku.parsys.45948.downloadList.44586.DownloadFile.tmp/empfehlungrichtlgmdeortschaftstatnamenversion1020100120de.pdf |title=Empfehlung: Gebäudeadressierung und Schreibweise von Strassennamen für die deutschsprachige Schweiz, Mai 2005 |publisher=Eidgenössische Vermessungsdirektion, Bundesamt für Landestopografie |language=German |format=MS Word |type=Federal Recommendation |page=19 |edition=Version 1.6 |date=3 May 2005 |quote=Die Schreibweise Ae, Oe, Ue am Anfang von Strassennamen ist weit verbreitet, ebenso bei Orts- und Stationsnamen. Die Weisung über die Erhebung und Schreibweise der Lokalnamen sieht für Lokalnamen Ä, Ö, Ü vor. Die Meinungen, welche Schreibweise für Strassennamen gewählt werden soll, sind recht unterschiedlich. Das Eidg. Gebäude- und Wohnungsregister macht zu einer allfälligen Umstellung keine Vorschläge, empfiehlt jedoch, sich innerhalb einer Gemeinde für die eine oder andere Variante zu entscheiden. Bei einer Schreibweise bestehender Namen mit Ae, Oe, Ue wird abgeraten, Ä, Ö und Ü für neue Strassennamen zu verwenden. |access-date=2014-05-16 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140517123212/http://www.cadastre.ch/internet/cadastre/de/home/topics/geonames/doku.parsys.45948.downloadList.44586.DownloadFile.tmp/empfehlungrichtlgmdeortschaftstatnamenversion1020100120de.pdf |archive-date=17 May 2014 ))</ref>
Finally, there are specialities like e.g.
*''Bretzel'' instead of ''Brezel'' ("[[pretzel]]")

Some of the above-mentioned characteristics are due to the general introduction of the [[typewriter]] in economics and administration. Because a Swiss typewriter must be able to write not only German texts but also French and Italian texts, the limited number of keys was not enough for all these languages' special characters to be included. So, the [[eszett]] and the uppercase umlauts (''Ä'', ''Ö'' and ''Ü''), as well as other upper-case accented vowels (e.g. ''À'' and ''É'', used in French and Italian), were omitted.

==Syntax==
Swiss German differs from Standard German in, for example, the gender of nouns ('''''das''' E-Mail'', '''''das''' Tram'' and '''''das''' SMS'' instead of ''die'') or in the preposition that verbs require (''jemanden anfragen'' instead of ''bei jemandem anfragen'').

In general, more often than in Germany or Austria, the Swiss use expressly feminine nouns (''Bundesrät'''in''' [[Ruth Metzler]]'', ''Frieda U. wurde zur Primarschullehrer'''in''' gewählt'') rather than the generic masculine (''Bundesrat'', ''Primarschullehrer'' etc.) to refer to occupations and positions held by women. The ''[[Binnen-I]]'' (as in ''ProfessorInnen'') is standard in Switzerland but may be marked elsewhere as "politically correct".

'''[[Relative pronouns]]''': The relative pronoun ((lang|gsw|welche(r))), considered clumsy and antiquated in Standard German, is used without hesitation: in ((lang|gsw|Damit wurde in der Schweiz ein Kompetenzzentrum für Klimafragen geschaffen, '''welches''' verstärkt die Bedürfnisse der Bevölkerung in den Mittelpunkt ihrer Forschung stellt.)) (from [https://web.archive.org/web/20051215132601/http://old.cc.ethz.ch/publikationen/jb2001/d/notabene/index.htm Jahresbericht 2001], Annual report of the [[Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich|ETH Zürich]]).

=== Grammatical case  ===
''[[Rabatt]]'' is used in the [[dative case]]; in Standard German in the [[accusative case]]. Example: ''20% Rabatt auf allen Artikeln''.

=== Sentence structure ===
The syntax has many constructions with a shortened main clause and a following subordinate clause, which is only marked by the initial position of a verb, e.g.
*''Gut, gibt es Schweizer Bauern.'' instead of ''Es ist gut, dass es Schweizer Bauern gibt.''
*''Schön, haben Sie heute Zeit.'' instead of ''(Es ist) schön, dass Sie heute Zeit haben.''
*''Schade, bist du gestern nicht hier gewesen.'' instead of ''(Es ist) schade, dass du gestern nicht hier gewesen bist.''

==Grammatical gender==
In his book ''[[Zündels Abgang]]'', author [[Markus Werner]] uses ''Tram'' ("tram") – which takes the female article ''die'' in Germany's Standard German – with the typically Swiss neuter article ''das''.

== Swiss expressions loaned into Standard German==
The word [[Coup d'état#Putsch|''Putsch'']] is one example which is widely used in political contexts, even in notable Standard German newspapers.<ref>[http://www.dwds.de/?view=1&qu=Putsch Etymology and definition of ''Putsch''] in German</ref><ref name=HistoryZurich>((cite book | title = Kleine Zürcher Verfassungsgeschichte 1218–2000 | language = German | url = http://www.staatsarchiv.zh.ch/internet/justiz_inneres/sta/de/ueber_uns/veroeffentlichungen/_jcr_content/contentPar/downloadlist_1/downloaditems/download_stark_reduz.spooler.download.1282812455918.pdf/zh_verfassungsgeschichte.pdf | publisher = [[:de:Staatsarchiv des Kantons Zürich|State Archives of the Canton of Zurich]] | location = Zurich | page = 51 | date = September 13, 2000))</ref><ref name=Etymology>((cite book | author = Pfeifer, Wolfgang | author-link = :de:Wolfgang Pfeifer (Etymologe) | title = Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Deutschen | trans-title = Etymological Dictionary of German | language = German | publisher = [[Akademie Verlag]] | location = Berlin | isbn = 978-3050006260 | edition = second | date = January 31, 1993))</ref> The word ''[[Müsli (disambiguation)|Müsli]]'', however, is a special case: in Swiss Standard German (and only there), ''Müsli'' is the [[diminutive]] of ''Mus'' ("mouse") and stands for "little mouse". To describe the food, the Swiss use the spelling ''Mü'''e'''sli'' (reflecting the pronunciation ((IPA|[ˈmyəsli])) of the dialects).

*Nature:
**''[[Gletscher]]'' (a glacier, in the [[Western Alps]]; in the [[East Alps]] a glacier is called a ''Ferner'' or ''Kees'')
**''[[Gülle]]'' (liquid manure)
**''[[Lärchen|Lärche]]'' (larch)
**''[[Lawine]]'' (avalanche)
**''[[Murmeltier]]'' (marmot)
**''[[Senn]]'' (Alpine farmer)
*Politics:
**''[[Coup d'état#Putsch|Putsch]]'' (putsch, or coup d'état)
**''Reichsdeutsche'' (Germans living in the German Empire; this term was coined in 1871 by Swiss German-speaking people.)
**''[[Überfremdung]]'' (so-called "over-foreignization" of the country)
*conventions and customs:
**''[[Homesickness|Heimweh]]'' (homesickness; first described among Swiss soldiers who missed their homes in the Alps)
**''[[Vignette (road tax)|Vignette]]'' (automobile sticker verifying payment of a road tax)
*kitchen:
**''[[Müesli|(Bircher-)Müesli]]'' (muesli, a breakfast food with cereals, milk, yogurt, and fruits)
**''[[Cordon bleu (dish)|Cordon bleu]]'' (breaded cutlet dish of traditionally veal or pork pounded thin and wrapped around a slice of ham and a slice of cheese, breaded, and then pan fried)
**''[[Fondue]]'' (fondue, a melted cheese dish)
**''[[Raclette]]'' (raclette, a melted cheese dish)
**''[[Bindenfleisch|Bündnerfleisch]]'' (a seasoned, dried meat, also called ''Bindenfleisch'' or ''Viande des Grisons''.)
*Other:
**''unentwegt'' (unflagging)

==See also==
*[[Swiss German]]
*[[Standard German]]
*[[Swiss Standard German]]

==References==
((Reflist))

==External links==
*Helvetisms in the German "Universalwörterbuch": [http://www.duden.de/index2.html?deutsche_sprache/zumthema/universalwoerterbuch.html "Der schweizerische Wortschatz des Deutschen" von Maria Grazia Chiaro].
*Dictionary project about Helvetisms and other variants of German language: [http://www.sprachwissenschaft.ch/prolex/ "Wörterbuch der nationalen und regionalen Varianten der deutschen Standardsprache"]
*((HDS|24574|Helvetismus|author=François de Capitani))
*Blog about it: [http://www.blogwiese.ch blogwiese.ch]
* [http://www.swissinfo.ch/fre/specials/francophonie_montreux/Le_francais..._et_le_romand.html?cid=8451812 Le français... et le romand] – [[Swissinfo]]

((Authority control))

[[Category:German language]]
[[Category:Culture of Switzerland]]
[[Category:Sociolinguistics]]

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Helvetism (edit)
Template:Ambox (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Angbr (view source) (semi-protected)
Template:Angle bracket (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Authority control (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Category handler (view source) (protected)
Template:Citation needed (view source) (protected)
Template:Cite book (view source) (protected)
Template:Cite web (view source) (protected)
Template:Dead link (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Delink (view source) (protected)
Template:Find sources mainspace (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Fix (view source) (protected)
Template:Fix/category (view source) (protected)
Template:HDS (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Hlist/styles.css (view source) (protected)
Template:IPA (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Lang (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Main (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Main other (view source) (protected)
Template:More citations needed (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Nowrap (view source) (protected)
Template:Pagetype (view source) (protected)
Template:Reflist (view source) (protected)
Template:Reflist/styles.css (view source) (protected)
Template:SDcat (view source) (protected)
Template:Short description (view source) (protected)
Template:Short description/lowercasecheck (view source) (protected)
Module:Arguments (view source) (protected)
Module:Authority control (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Authority control/config (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Category handler (view source) (protected)
Module:Category handler/blacklist (view source) (protected)
Module:Category handler/config (view source) (protected)
Module:Category handler/data (view source) (protected)
Module:Category handler/shared (view source) (protected)
Module:Check for unknown parameters (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1 (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/COinS (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Date validation (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Identifiers (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Utilities (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Whitelist (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css (view source) (protected)
Module:Delink (view source) (protected)
Module:Disambiguation/templates (view source) (protected)
Module:EditAtWikidata (view source) (protected)
Module:Exponential search (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Find sources (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Find sources/config (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Find sources/links (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Find sources/templates/Find sources mainspace (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Format link (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Hatnote (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Hatnote/styles.css (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Hatnote list (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:IPA (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Labelled list hatnote (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Lang (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Lang/ISO 639 synonyms (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Lang/data (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Language/data/iana languages (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Language/data/iana regions (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Language/data/iana scripts (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Language/data/iana suppressed scripts (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Language/data/iana variants (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Message box (view source) (protected)
Module:Message box/ambox.css (view source) (protected)
Module:Message box/configuration (view source) (protected)
Module:Namespace detect/config (view source) (protected)
Module:Namespace detect/data (view source) (protected)
Module:Navbar (view source) (protected)
Module:Navbar/configuration (view source) (protected)
Module:Navbox (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Navbox/configuration (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Navbox/styles.css (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Pagetype (view source) (protected)
Module:Pagetype/config (view source) (protected)
Module:Pagetype/disambiguation (view source) (protected)
Module:Pagetype/setindex (view source) (protected)
Module:Pagetype/softredirect (view source) (protected)
Module:SDcat (view source) (protected)
Module:String (view source) (protected)
Module:TableTools (view source) (protected)
Module:TemplatePar (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Unicode data (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Unicode data/scripts (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Unsubst (view source) (protected)
Module:Wikitext Parsing (view source) (protected)
Module:Yesno (view source) (protected)

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