World War I monument in Prospect Park, Brooklyn, the Kit Carson Monument in Trinidad, Colorado and the Stone Mountain Confederate Memorial in Georgia
Awards
Honorary Doctor of Humane Letters from Dickinson College
Henry Augustus Lukeman (January 28, 1872 – April 3, 1935) was an American sculptor, specializing in historical monuments. Noted among his works are the World War I monument in Prospect Park, Brooklyn, the Kit Carson Monument in Trinidad, Colorado and the Stone Mountain Confederate Memorial in Georgia.
Biography
Early life and education
Henry Augustus Lukeman was born on January 28, 1872,[citation needed] in Richmond, Virginia,[1][2][page needed] and was raised in New York City.[3] He is "said to have begun lessons at the National Academy and the Cooper Union School at age eleven," though a National Academy of Design source notes that the school's "registration records do not bear… out" this historical supposition.[3] It is also reported[by whom?] that he began sculpting at age 10 at a boys' club miniature workshop, working in clay and wood from ages 10 to 13.[citation needed]
At a young age he became a studio assistant of Launt Thompson,[3][1] an Irish-American sculptor and National Academician,[4] and, like Launt,[4] pursued medically related studies (anatomy)—Lukeman at New York's Bellevue Hospital (for two year prior to 1890).[3] He remained with Launt until age 16.[5][verification needed] There is report,[by whom?] potentially conflicting with other sources regarding his early training, that has him involved in an apprenticeship at the foundry of Jno. Williams, Inc. until he was 19.[citation needed] Likewise regarding a further report:[by whom?] that Lukeman studied terra cotta and architectural modeling for building and exterior decorations for several years,[when?] while in the evening studying life drawing (at the Cooper Union in New York).[citation needed] Lukeman is known to have attended classes at the National Academy for Design beginning in 1890, where records exist for his registration for the antique school (for two years),[3] and to have followed this with study at Columbia University.[3] Following that he went to Europe for 6 months and worked under Jean-Alexandre-Joseph Falguiere, at the Beaux Arts, in Paris.[3][1][6][verification needed]
When Lukeman returned to New York, he became an assistant to Daniel Chester French, a commitment that would last for a decade and a half, during which time he would also begin to execute his own commissions,[3][1] eventually opening his own studio in New York.[when?][citation needed] When construction of the World's Columbian Exposition began in 1893, Lukeman would superintend enlarging some important works for French,[citation needed] for instance, the Statue of the Republic.[1]
Hebrew Psalmist, on the facade of the Brooklyn Museum, New York.
Lukeman's independent work began in this new studio, and included the monuments in which he would come to specialize,[3] as well as "portrait busts and statues, bas-reliefs, ornamental sculpture,"[1][3] which have been described as being "architecturally effective and often remarkable in conception."[1] Notable works in New York state from his early independent work include figures for the Customs Building in Columbus,[3][citation needed] on the Appellate Court House in Manhattan,[3][1] and on the facade of the Brooklyn Institute of Arts and Sciences.[3][7][1] A further more complete list of his American and Canadian commissions and other important public sculpture works is given below.
A seminal work of Lukeman—proceeding from his earlier work on "several grandiose memorials"[3]—was to complete the execution of the enormously scaled Stone Mountain Confederate Memorial. This mountain carving depicted the confederacy's president, Jefferson Davis, and Generals Robert E. Lee and Thomas J. "Stonewall" Jackson (and their respective horses Blackjack, Traveller, and Little Sorrel), in DeKalb County, Georgia, near Atlanta;[3][citation needed] there, Lukeman designed and supervised sculpting of the monument after removing the earlier work of Gutzon Borglum[8] (the original commissionee, who had resigned[3]). David Dearinger notes that "Lukeman was criticized for taking over another artist's work,"[3] and that "he used Borglum's existing scheme," though altering it to be a bas-relief whose figures would ultimately be over 150 feet tall.[3]
When funding ran out in the advent of the Great Depression, Lukeman would continue to pay the craftsmen until his own means were exhausted,[citation needed] after which the carving would remain incomplete for decades (until Walker Hancock and Roy Faulkner completed an edited version of the Lukeman design in 1970).[citation needed] Located 400 feet (120 m) above ground, and lacking the originally intended legs on the horses, the Lukeman-Hancock-Faulkner sculpture ultimately measured 190 by 90 feet (58 by 27 m), and is recessed 42 feet (13 m).[citation needed]
Lukeman died in New York on April 3, 1935, aged 65,[citation needed] leaving his wife, formerly, Helen Bidwell Blodgett.[citation needed]
Honors and awards
This section needs expansion with: a fully sourced, expanded presentation to replace this unsourced and non-comprehensive stub of Lukeman awards. You can help by adding to it. (September 2015)
This section needs expansion with: a more fully sourced, expanded treatment of those influencing, and being influenced by Lukeman. You can help by adding to it. (September 2015)
Two significant influences were those whose training he extensively received, Launt Thompson and Daniel Chester French.[citation needed] In addition, Lukeman was known to have kept a small nude study executed by Kenyon Cox,[verification needed] one which "Cox considered among his best,"[3] and is therefore considered as one of Lukeman's possible artistic influences.
Public sculptures
Dated entries
The following entries, whose dates of execution are known, are ordered according to date, earliest to latest:
^ abcdefghijklmnopqrColby, Frank Moore & Talcott Williams, eds. (1915). "Lukeman, Henry Augustus (1870–)". New International Encyclopedia (2nd ed.), Vol. 14, p. 461, New York: Dodd, Mead, available at [1], accessed 12 September 2015.
^McGlauflin, Alice Coe, ed. (1937), Who’s Who in American Art: Volume II, 1938-1939, The Washington D.C.: American Federation of Arts.[page needed]
^ abcdefghijklmnopqrstDavid Bernard Dearinger, ed. (2004) Paintings and Sculpture in the Collection of the National Academy of Design: 1826-1925 (Volume 1), pp. 123f, New York, NY: Hudson Hills, ISBN1555950299, see [2] and [3], accessed 12 September 2015.
^National Sculpture Society (1929), ‘’Contemporary American Sculpture: The California Palace of the Legion of Honor, Lincoln Park, San Francisco, April to October MCMXXIX" [catalog], p. 152, New York, NY: Kalkhoff Co.[verification needed] Quote: "Issued for the exhibition held by the National [S]culpture [S]ociety in co-operation with the trustees of the California [P]alace of the Legion of [H]onor." See entry 2724 at [4], accessed 12 September 2015.
^National Sculpture Society (1929), ‘’Contemporary American Sculpture,’’ p. 213, National Sculpture Society: New York, NY.[verification needed]
^ abAnon. (1910), "The Museum Statues," in The Museum News, Vol. 6, no. 3 (December), pp. 34-36, Brooklyn, NY: Museum of the Brooklyn Institute of Arts and Sciences, see [5], accessed 12 September 2015.
^Robert and Company (August 15, 2005). Master Plan Amendment Report - Georgia's Stone Mountain Park(PDF) (Report). Stone Mountain Memorial Association. p. 7. Retrieved March 31, 2016. 1925 Borglum is dismissed and Augustus Lukeman is hired as sculptor. Lukeman removes Borglum's work and begins his own design.
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Gilman, D. C.; Peck, H. T.; Colby, F. M., eds. (1905). "Lukeman, Henry Augustus (1870–)". New International Encyclopedia (1st ed.). New York: Dodd, Mead., as reflected by the inline references to Colby & Williams, (1915), New International Encyclopedia (2nd ed.), op. cit.
Further reading
David Bernard Dearinger, ed. (2004) Paintings and Sculpture in the Collection of the National Academy of Design: 1826-1925 (Volume 1), pp. 123f, New York, NY: Hudson Hills, ISBN1555950299, see [8] and [9], accessed 12 September 2015.
Anon. (1935), "Obituary: [Henry Augustus] Lukeman is Dead, A Noted Sculptor; Succeeded Borglum as Designer of Stone Mountain Memorial to Confederacy," The New York Times (online), Thursday April 4, 1935, see [10], accessed 12 September 2015.[Subscription required]
The Smithsonian (2015), "Research Collections, L: Henry Augustus Lukeman papers, circa 1891-1935 (summary)," Smithsonian Archives of American Art, (online), see [11], accessed 12 September 2015. Collection size, 0.50 linear feet (0.15 m), Full access at the Washington, D.C., Research Center.
