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((Infobox royalty
| name     = Henry III
| image         = Codex Manesse Markgraf Heinrich von Meißen.jpg
| image_size    = 240px
| caption       = Margrave Henry of Meissen, [[Codex Manesse]]
| succession    = [[List of Margraves of Meissen|Margrave of Meissen]]
| reign         = 1221–1288
| predecessor   = [[Theodoric I, Margrave of Meissen|Theodoric I]]
| successor     = [[Albert II, Margrave of Meissen|Albert II]]
| regent        = [[Louis IV, Landgrave of Thuringia|Louis IV of Thuringia]] ''(until 1217)''<br/>[[Albert I, Duke of Saxony|Albert I of Saxony]] ''(until 1230)''
| succession1   = [[March of Lusatia|Margrave of Lusatia]]
| reign1        = 1221–1288
| coronation1   =
| predecessor1  = [[Theodoric I, Margrave of Meissen|Theodoric II]]
| regent1       = [[Louis IV, Landgrave of Thuringia|Louis IV of Thuringia]] ''(until 1217)''<br/>[[Albert I, Duke of Saxony|Albert I of Saxony]] ''(until 1230)''
| succession2   = [[List of rulers of Thuringia|Landgrave of Thuringia]],<br>[[Count Palatine]] of [[Duchy of Saxony|Saxony]]
| reign2        = 1242–1265
| coronation2   =
| predecessor2  = [[Henry Raspe]]
| successor2    = [[Albert II, Margrave of Meissen|Albert II]]
| regent2       =
| heir          =
| spouse        = [[Constance of Babenberg]]<br/>Agnes of Bohemia<br/>Elisabeth von Maltitz
| issue         = [[Albert II, Margrave of Meissen]]   <br/>[[Theodoric of Landsberg]]
| house         = [[House of Wettin|Wettin]]
| father        = [[Theodoric I, Margrave of Meissen]]
| mother        = [[Jutta of Thuringia]]
| birth_date = 1215
| birth_place = [[Meissen]], [[Duchy of Saxony]], [[Holy Roman Empire]]
| death_date  = 15 February ((death year and age|1288|1215))
| death_place = [[Dresden]], [[Duchy of Saxony]], [[Holy Roman Empire]]
| place of burial =
))
'''Henry III''', called '''Henry the Illustrious''' (''Heinrich der Erlauchte'') (c. 1215 &ndash; 15 February 1288) from the [[House of Wettin]] was [[List of Margraves of Meissen|Margrave of Meissen]] and last [[March of Lusatia|Margrave of Lusatia]] (as Henry IV) from 1221 until his death; from 1242 also [[List of rulers of Thuringia|Landgrave of Thuringia]].

==Life==
Born probably at the [[Albrechtsburg]] residence in [[Meissen]], Henry was the youngest son of Margrave [[Theodoric I, Margrave of Meissen]] and his wife [[Jutta of Thuringia|Jutta]], daughter of Landgrave [[Hermann I, Landgrave of Thuringia|Hermann I of Thuringia]]. In 1221 he succeeded his father as Margrave of [[Margraviate of Meissen|Meissen]] and [[March of Lusatia|Lusatia]], at first under guardianship of his maternal uncle, Landgrave [[Louis IV, Landgrave of Thuringia|Louis IV of Thuringia]], and after his death in 1227, under that of Duke [[Albert I, Duke of Saxony|Albert I of Saxony]]. In 1230 he was legally proclaimed an adult.
[[File:Dresden Fuerstenzug Heinrich der Erlauchte.jpg|thumb|left|Henry in the Dresden [[Fürstenzug]], 1907]]
Henry had his first combat experience in sometime around 1234, while on crusade in Prussia, fighting against the [[Pomesanians]]. His pilgrimage and company is well-documented by Peter of Dusburg, and it resulted in the construction of Balga castle, an important administrative centre for the [[Teutonic Knights]].<ref>((Cite book|title=Petri de Dusburg Chronica terre Prussie|publisher=Wissenchaftliche Buchgesellschaft|year=1984|location=Darmstadt|pages=114, 116, 118))</ref> In 1245 after many years of conflict with the [[House of Ascania|Ascanian]] margraves of [[Margraviate of Brandenburg|Brandenburg]], he was forced to cede the fortresses of [[Köpenick]], [[Teltow (region)|Teltow]] and [[Mittenwalde]] north of [[Lower Lusatia]]. In 1249 however, the [[Duchy of Silesia|Silesian]] duke [[Bolesław II the Bald]] granted him the eastern area around [[Szydłów, Lubusz Voivodeship|Schiedlo]] Castle at the [[Oder]] river, where Henry founded the town of [[Eisenhüttenstadt|Fürstenberg]].

In the struggle between the [[House of Hohenstaufen|Hohenstaufen]] Emperor [[Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor|Frederick II]] and [[Pope Gregory IX]], Henry took the side of the Emperor. In consideration, Frederick II in 1242 promised him the heritage of [[Henry Raspe, Landgrave of Thuringia|Henry Raspe]] as Landgrave of [[Thuringia]] and [[Count palatine]] of [[Duchy of Saxony|Saxony]]. In 1243 the Emperor also betrothed his daughter [[Margaret of Sicily]] to Henry's son [[Albert II, Margrave of Meissen|Albert II]].

Henry remained a loyal supporter of the Hohenstaufens and not before the departure of Frederick's son [[Conrad IV of Germany|Conrad IV]] from [[Kingdom of Germany|Germany]] did he recognise the antiking [[William II, Count of Holland|William of Holland]]. After the death of Henry Raspe in 1247, he enforced his rights in Thuringia by military means in the [[War of the Thuringian Succession]] against the claims raised by [[Sophie of Thuringia, Duchess of Brabant|Sophie of Thuringia]], daughter of late Landgrave Louis IV, and her husband Duke [[Henry II, Duke of Brabant|Henry II of Brabant]], as well as by Prince [[Siegfried I, Prince of Anhalt-Zerbst|Siegfried I of Anhalt-Zerbst]]. After a long drawn-out war he detached the [[Landgraviate of Hesse]] in the west and gave it to Sophie's younger son [[Henry I of Hesse|Henry]], but kept Thuringia, which he granted to his son Albert II together with the Palatinate of Saxony. The Thuringian acquisition significantly increased the Wettin territorial possessions, which now reached from the [[Silesia]]n border at the [[Bóbr]] river in the east up to the [[Werra]] in the west, and from the border with [[Bohemia]] along the [[Ore Mountains]] in the south to the [[Harz]] range in the north.

From 1273 Henry was an important support to the newly elected ''[[King of the Romans|Rex Romanorum]]'' [[Rudolph I of Germany|Rudolph of Habsburg]] in his struggle against rivaling King [[Ottokar II of Bohemia]]. Against Bohemia he won, among other places, [[Sayda, Saxony|Sayda]] and Purschenstein Castle near [[Neuhausen, Saxony|Neuhausen]], <!--provided for an excellent management-->

He was known throughout the whole empire as a glittering prince, famous as a patron of the arts and a model knight, and as a significant [[minnesinger]] <!--([[Codex Manesse]])--> (not to be confused with [[Heinrich Frauenlob]]), poet and composer. Henry was patron of many tournaments and singing competitions, in which he also took part himself, and commissioned the famous ''[[Christherre-Chronik]].'' He set to music hymns to be sung in the churches, by express permission of the pope.
[[File:Jindrich zeny.jpg|thumb|left|Henry and his three wives, from [[George Spalatin]]'s Saxon chronicles, about 1520]]

==Family==
In 1234 Henry married [[Constance of Babenberg]], the daughter of Duke [[Leopold VI, Duke of Austria|Leopold VI of Austria]]. Together they had two sons:
# [[Albert II, Margrave of Meissen]] (1240–1314)
# [[Theodoric of Landsberg]] (1242–1285)

As early as 1265 he attached the Imperial [[Pleissnerland]] around [[Altenburg]], the dowry of his daughter-in-law Margaret, to the Landgraviate of Thuringia and gave both to his elder son Albert II, otherwise Albert the Degenerate. For his younger son Theodoric, Henry had created &ndash; though without imperial consent &ndash; the smaller [[Margraviate of Landsberg]] in the western part of the Lusatian lands around [[Leipzig]]. Henry kept for himself only the Margraviate of Meissen, the remaining [[Lower Lusatia]]n lands, and a formal power of oversight. Only domestic disorders, caused by the unworthiness of his son Albert, clouded the later years of his reign and indeed, long after his death in 1288, led to the loss of Lusatia and Thuringia.

After the death of Constance in 1243 Henry took as his second wife Agnes (d. 1268), a daughter of King [[Wenceslaus I of Bohemia]], and in his third marriage the daughter of a ''[[ministerialis]]'', or serving knight, Elisabeth von Maltitz, who bore him [[Friedrich Clem]] (whose only daughter Elisabeth married [[Otto II, Prince of Anhalt-Aschersleben]]) and [[Hermann the Long]].

==Ancestry==
((ahnentafel
|collapsed=yes |align=center
|boxstyle_1=background-color: #fcc;
|boxstyle_2=background-color: #fb9;
|boxstyle_3=background-color: #ffc;
|boxstyle_4=background-color: #bfc;
|1= 1. '''Henry III, Margrave of Meissen'''
|2= 2. [[Theodoric I, Margrave of Meissen]]
|3= 3. [[Jutta of Thuringia]]
|4= 4. [[Otto II, Margrave of Meissen]]
|5= 5. [[Hedwig of Brandenburg]]
|6= 6. [[Hermann I, Landgrave of Thuringia]]
|7= 7. [[Sophia of Sommerschenburg]]
|8= 8. [[Conrad, Margrave of Meissen]]
|9= 9. Luitgard von Ravenstein
|10= 10. [[Albert the Bear]]
|11= 11. [[Sophie of Winzenburg]]
|12= 12. [[Louis II, Landgrave of Thuringia]]
|13= 13. [[Jutta Claricia of Hohenstaufen]]
|14= 14. [[Frederick VI, Count Palatine of Saxony]]
|15= 15. [[Lutgard of Salzwedel]]
))

==References==
((Reflist))
((More citations needed|date=May 2016))

((S-start))
((S-hou|[[House of Wettin]]||((Circa|1215))|15 February|1288))
((S-reg))
((S-bef|rows=2|before=[[Henry Raspe]]))
((S-ttl|title=[[Count Palatine of Saxony]]|years=1242&ndash;1288))
((S-aft|rows=3|after=[[Albert II, Margrave of Meissen|Albert II]]))
|-
((S-ttl|title=[[Landgrave of Thuringia]]|years=1242&ndash;1288))
|-
((S-bef|before=[[Theodoric I, Margrave of Meissen|Theodoric I]]))
((S-ttl|title=[[Margrave of Meissen]]|years=1221&ndash;1288))
((s-end))

((Use dmy dates|date=April 2020))

((Authority control))

((DEFAULTSORT:Henry 03 of Meissen, Margrave))
[[Category:1215 births]]
[[Category:1288 deaths]]
[[Category:Margraves of Meissen]]
[[Category:Margraves of Thuringia]]
[[Category:House of Wettin]]
[[Category:German poets]]
[[Category:Medieval child monarchs]]
[[Category:People from Meissen]]
[[Category:Christians of the Prussian Crusade]]
[[Category:Minnesingers]]
[[Category:German male poets]]
[[Category:13th-century German poets]]
[[Category:Burials at Altzella Abbey]]

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