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((More citations needed|date=May 2010))
((Use American English|date=December 2022))
((Use mdy dates|date=December 2022))
((Infobox SCOTUS case
  | Litigants               = Hepburn v. Griswold
  | ArgueDate               = 
  | ArgueYear               = 
  | DecideDate              = 
  | DecideYear              = 1870
  | FullName                = Hepburn v. Griswold
  | USVol                   = 75
  | USPage                  = 603
  | ParallelCitations       = 8 [[John William Wallace|Wall.]] 603; 19 [[L. Ed.]] 513; 1868 [[U.S. LEXIS]] 1136 
  | Prior                   = 
  | Subsequent              = 
  | Holding                 = Certain parts of the Legal Tender Acts are unconstitutional.
  | Majority                = Chase
  | JoinMajority            = Nelson, Grier, Clifford, Field
  | Concurrence             = 
  | JoinConcurrence         = 
  | Concurrence2            = 
  | JoinConcurrence2        = 
  | Concurrence/Dissent     = 
  | JoinConcurrence/Dissent = 
  | Dissent                 = Miller
  | JoinDissent             = Swayne, Davis
  | Dissent2                = 
  | JoinDissent2            = 
  | Overruled               = [[Legal Tender Cases]], ((ussc|79|457|1871|12|Wall.))
))
'''''Hepburn v. Griswold''''', 75 U.S. (8 Wall.) 603 (1870), was a [[United States Supreme Court]] case in which the [[Chief Justice of the United States]], [[Salmon P. Chase]], speaking for the Court, declared certain parts of the Legal Tender Acts to be unconstitutional. Specifically, making [[United States Notes]] legal tender was unconstitutional.

The [[lawsuit]] originated when one Mrs. Hepburn attempted to pay a debt to Henry Griswold on a [[promissory note]], which was made five days prior to the issuance of United States Notes that the case questioned.  Griswold sued Hepburn in the [[Louisville, Kentucky|Louisville]] [[Court of equity|Chancery Court]] on the note and refused Hepburn's tender of United States Notes to satisfy his claim. She then tendered the notes into the Chancery Court, which declared her debt satisfied.

The Court of Errors of Kentucky reversed the chancery court's judgment, and Hepburn appealed to the Supreme Court, which affirmed the judgment of the Court of Errors.

[[File:Supreme Court of the United States - Chase Court - c.1868 - (1867-1870).jpg|thumb|alt=The [[Chase Court]] in 1868.|The [[Chase Court]].]]
The Supreme Court found that the [[US federal government]] was authorized to coin money, but that power was distinct from the power to make paper [[legal tender]], which was not authorized under the [[US Constitution]]. It also found that the treatment of notes as legal tender represented an impairment to enforcing the obligations of contracts. The Constitution prohibits the several states from impairing the obligations of contracts. The Court found no similar constraint upon the federal government, but it held that such an impairment would violate the spirit of the Constitution.

The dissenting opinion argued that the government was threatened by the war and that making the notes legal tender provided the government with the necessary supplies to continue to fight the war.

The majority opinion affirmed that the government holds the power to wage war but that making notes legal tender was not a necessary consequence of that power. It continued that making United States Notes legal tender was unnecessary to fighting a war. All that the federal government needed to do was to make them "receivable for government dues". That argument is similar to the theory of [[chartalism]].

The majority opinion was explicitly overruled by ''[[Knox v. Lee]]'' and other [[Legal Tender Cases]], ((ussc|79|457|1871|12|Wall.)), in which Chase dissented.

==See also==
((Portal|Money))
* [[List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 75]]
* ''[[West v. Barnes]]'': an early Supreme Court case on banknotes

==Further reading==
*(( cite journal | last = Dietz | first = James A. | year = 1993 | title = Personal Policy and Judicial Reasoning: Salmon P. Chase and ''Hepburn v. Griswold'' | journal = Northern Kentucky Law Review | volume = 21 | pages = 235 ))
*(( cite journal | last = Smith | first = Bryant | year = 1929 | title = Neglected Evidence on an Old Controversy&mdash;''Bronson v. Rodes'' as a Forecast of ''Hepburn v. Griswold'' | journal = The American Historical Review | volume = 34 | issue = 3 | pages = 532&ndash;535 | doi = 10.2307/1836281| publisher = The American Historical Review, Vol. 34, No. 3 | jstor = 1836281 ))

==External links==
*((wikisource-inline|Hepburn v. Griswold|''Hepburn v. Griswold''))
* ((caselaw source
 | case = ''Hepburn v. Griswold'', ((ussc|75|603|1870|Wall.|8|el=no))
 | courtlistener =https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/88122/hepburn-v-griswold/
 | googlescholar = https://scholar.google.com/scholar_case?case=1625167705624716975
 | justia =https://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/75/603/
 | loc =http://cdn.loc.gov/service/ll/usrep/usrep075/usrep075603/usrep075603.pdf
 | openjurist =https://openjurist.org/75/us/603
 ))
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20101201161554/http://www.teogathalaw.com/library/Legal-Tender-Cases/Hepburn-v-Griswold/ Summary of ''Hepburn v. Griswold'' at Teogatha Law]

((USArticleI))
((Money and central banking within the contemporary United States (pre–1913)))

[[Category:United States Constitution Article One case law]]
[[Category:United States Supreme Court cases]]
[[Category:United States Supreme Court cases of the Chase Court]]
[[Category:Overruled United States Supreme Court decisions]]
[[Category:1870 in United States case law]]
[[Category:Banknotes of the United States]]
[[Category:History of Louisville, Kentucky]]

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