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((Short description|Austrian Nazi politician))

[[File:Hermann Neubacher (1893-1960).jpg|thumb|Hermann Neubacher (1943)]]
'''Hermann Neubacher''' (24 June 1893 – 1 July 1960) was an [[Austria]]n [[Nazi]] politician who held a number of diplomatic posts in the [[Third Reich]]. During the [[Second World War]], he was appointed as the leading German foreign ministry official for [[Hellenic State (1941–44)|Greece]] and the [[Balkans]] (including [[Territory of the Military Commander in Serbia|Serbia]], [[Albanian Kingdom (1943–44)|Albania]] and [[Kingdom of Montenegro (1941–1944)|Montenegro]]).

==Austrian activism==
Born in [[Wels]], he was educated in [[Kremsmünster]] and [[Vienna]] before his service on the [[Italian Front (World War I)|Italian Front]] in [[World War I]].<ref name=Reesa>[[Philip Rees]], ''[[Biographical Dictionary of the Extreme Right Since 1890]]'', p. 278</ref> Initially connected to the [[Social Democratic Party of Austria]] through his friendship with a number of leading members whilst in charge of a housing project in Vienna, Neubacher became attracted to [[Pan-Germanism]] and in 1925 founded his own ''Österreichisch-Deutscher Volksbund'' as a society for this school of thought.<ref name=Reesa/> He was also a member of the ''[[Deutsche Gemeinschaft]]'' secret society and in this group he built up friendships with fellow members [[Engelbert Dollfuß]] and [[Arthur Seyss-Inquart]].<ref name=Reesa/>

Neubacher became a member of the [[Nazi Party]] in [[Austria]] because he felt it was the best way to bring about [[Anschluss]], although he was more in tune with the [[Anton Reinthaller]]-led moderate faction than the extremists under [[Theodor Habicht]].<ref name=Reesb>Rees, ''Biographical Dictionary'', p. 279</ref> After a spell as assistant to [[Josef Leopold]] he became ''Landesleiter'' of the Austrian Nazi party in 1935, attempting to restructure the banned group. His tenure came to an end the same year when he was imprisoned for distributing illegal material and upon his release, he dropped out of politics to take up a role with [[IG Farben]].<ref name=Reesb/>

Under the Nazis he was chosen to serve as [[Mayor of Vienna]], although he soon incurred disfavor for his habit of working with former Social Democrats and his lax attitude towards the [[Jews]] and before long he was downgraded to the role of general representative of [[Josef Bürckel]].<ref name=Reesb/>

==Greece==
((seealso|Axis Occupation of Greece))
When war broke out Neubacher took on the role of a special plenipotentiary envoy in the [[Balkans]] and [[Greece]], initially serving as an economic adviser in [[Romania]] before taking on the role of ambassador to the same country and afterwards [[Greece]] as well.<ref name=Reesb/> In Greece he was joined by [[Italy|Italian]] Alberto D'Agostino, with the two men given full authority over economic and financial matters after discussions between the Greek government and the occupiers aimed at reducing occupation costs.<ref>[[Davide Rodogno]], ''Fascism's European Empire: Italian Occupation During the Second World War'', Cambridge University Press (2006), p. 235</ref> Neubacher was the general manager of [[DEGRIGES]], a German monopoly company for trade in Greece.

During the final days of the occupation of Greece the more moderate Neubacher became embroiled in a struggle with [[Sicherheitspolizei]] chief [[Walter Blume (SS officer)|Walter Blume]], after Blume suggested that the Nazis should undertake a policy of executing all members of the political elite suspected of having links to the [[United Kingdom]], so as to leave the country leaderless (the so-called "Chaos thesis").<ref>Mazower, Mark: ''Inside Hitler's Greece: The Experience of Occupation, 1941-44'', Yale University Press (1995), pp. 232-234</ref> Neubacher rejected this as counterproductive, arguing that as long as politicians opposed the work of the communist-controlled [[National Liberation Front (Greece)|National Liberation Front]] and the [[Greek People's Liberation Army]] their British ties would not help them in establishing control. In the end Neubacher's line was approved and Blume was withdrawn, a move that ultimately left in place a strong anti-communist [[Right-wing politics|right wing]] governing class in post-liberation Greece.<ref>István Deák, Jan Tomasz Gross and Tony Judt, ''The Politics of Retribution in Europe: World War II and Its Aftermath'', Princeton University Press (2000), p. 213</ref>

==Yugoslavia==
((more citations needed section|date=June 2021))

In 1943 he devised the Neubacher Plan as a means to improve German occupation in the Balkans. In a wide-ranging raft of reforms Neubacher suggested five main ideas to [[Joachim von Ribbentrop]]. These were:
# The re-unification of [[Montenegro]] and [[Serbia (1941-1944)|Serbia]] in a [[Federation|federal]] type of state.
# Installing General [[Milan Nedić]] as President of the resulting [[Greater Serbia]].
# Autonomy in Montenegro.
# The re-opening of the [[University of Belgrade]] and an end to German supervision of cultural life.
# Reduction in German military presence and the establishment of a gendarmerie controlled by the new government.<ref>Sabrina P. Ramet, ''The Three Yugoslavias: State-building and Legitimation, 1918-2005'', p. 134</ref>
Ultimately only point 4 of his proposals was approved, although he did succeed in ending German military reprisals and in combating to an extent the [[Ustaše]] genocide against [[Serbs]].<ref>Ramet, ''The Three Yugoslavias'', pp. 134-135</ref>

==Later life==
After the war Neubacher faced trial in the [[Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia]] and in 1946 a military court in Belgrade sentenced him to 20 years of hard labor, although he was not ultimately required to serve the full sentence.<ref name=Reesb/> He served his prison term in Belgrade, in the building of the former Gestapo headquarters.  He was released from prison in November 1952 due to poor health. Back in Austria, he worked as a building constructor in Salzburg, and from 1954–1956, he worked in Ethiopia as a consultant to [[Emperor of Ethiopia|Emperor]] [[Haile Selassie I of Ethiopia|Haile Selasie]]. He died in Vienna, aged 67.

==References==
((Reflist))

==External links==
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* ((PM20|FID=pe/022464))

((s-start))
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((succession box | before = [[Richard Schmitz]] | title = [[List of mayors of Vienna|Mayor of Vienna]] | years = 1938–1940 | after = [[Philipp Wilhelm Jung]]))
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((Greece during World War II|state=collapsed))

((Authority control))
((DEFAULTSORT:Neubacher, Hermann))
[[Category:1893 births]]
[[Category:1960 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Wels]]
[[Category:Austrian diplomats]]
[[Category:Austrian Nazis]]
[[Category:Mayors of Vienna]]
[[Category:Austro-Hungarian military personnel of World War I]]
[[Category:Austrian anti-communists]]
[[Category:Austrian people imprisoned abroad]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Knights Cross of the War Merit Cross]]
[[Category:Prisoners and detainees of Austria]]
[[Category:Prisoners and detainees of Yugoslavia]]
[[Category:German occupation of Greece during World War II]]
[[Category:Nazi politicians]]

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