Hessisches Landesmuseum Darmstadt
Front side of the museum in 2015
Map
Former name
Großherzoglich Hessisches Landesmuseum zu Darmstadt[1]
Established12 July 1820; 203 years ago (1820-07-12)
LocationFriedensplatz 1, Darmstadt, Germany
Coordinates49°52′30″N 8°39′13″E / 49.8749°N 8.6535°E / 49.8749; 8.6535
TypeMultidisciplinary museum
Key holdingsDrawings Dürer/Rembrandt, Block Beuys, A Forest of Sculptures, Messel pit fossils, American mastodon
CollectionsPaintings, sculptures, prints and drawings, geology, paleontology, zoology, cultural history
Collection size
  • 1.35 million objects
  • 100,000 exhibits
Visitorsc. 80,000
FounderLouis I, Grand Duke of Hesse
DirectorMartin Faass
Architects
  • Alfred Messel (1906)
  • Georg Zimmermann (rebuild 1955)[3]
  • Reinhold Kargel (extension 1984)
OwnerHessian Ministry of Higher Education, Research and the Arts
Employees83 (2014)[2]
Public transit accessTram, bus: Schloss, Luisenplatz
Nearest car parkSchlossgarage
Websitewww.hlmd.de

Hessisches Landesmuseum Darmstadt (HLMD) is a large multidisciplinary museum in Darmstadt, Germany. The museum exhibits Rembrandt, Beuys, a primeval horse and a mastodon under the slogan "The whole world under one roof".[4][5] As one of the oldest public museums in Germany, it has c. 80,000 visitors every year and a collection size of 1.35 million objects.[5][6] Since 2019, Martin Faass [de] has been director of the museum.[7][8] It is one of the three Hessian State museums, in addition to the museums in Kassel and Wiesbaden.[9] Similar institutions in Europe are the Universalmuseum Joanneum in Graz and the National Museum of Scotland in Edinburgh.[5]

History

Art and natural history collections of the Landgraves of Hesse-Darmstadt have been established since the 17th century.[10] The museum was founded on 12 July 1820[11] with the donation of the collections of Louis I, Grand Duke of Hesse.[12] Initially located in the Baroque part of the Residential Palace Darmstadt,[13] the museum moved in 1906 to a nearby new building.[5] In 1937, 82 works of Modern art were confiscated during the Degenerate art campaign.[14][15][16] In the Brandnacht (fire night) on 11 to 12 September 1944 the museum building was partly destroyed;[17][18][19] it was reconstructed and reopened in 1955.[12][20]

Building

The main building was begun in 1897 by Alfred Messel and inaugurated in 1906.[20][3][21] The encyclopedic museum[22] consists of several period rooms or experience spaces,[23] a monumental entrance hall with the staircase in Palladian architecture, a Pompeian style wing (509 BC – 400 AD) for the ancient art (including Roman courtyard and Oceanus mosaic),[24][25] Romanesque corridors and chapels (900–1300) for the medieval treasure art, a Late Gothic hall (1350–1500) for the historical weapons, the Italian Renaissance Chiavenna room (c. 1580) for the Princely Treasury and corresponding open courtyards.[26] The large east-wing Baroque hall Großer Saal with an imposing barrel vault is used for special exhibitions.[27] This asymmetric agglomeration of architectural styles, according to the design philosophy "Form follows function",[11] is embedded in a rather rigid grid.[28] The south-east tower, containing the library,[13] is based on the tower of an 18th century Baroque plan for the Residential Palace Darmstadt by Louis Remy de la Fosse,[29] that was realized only partly.[30]

Source:[31]

Location

The museum is located between Residential Palace Darmstadt and the urban park Herrngarten [Wikidata].[3] Nearby are the neoclassical former court theatre Haus der Geschichte Darmstadt [Wikidata] (House of History) by Georg Moller,[32] the squares Friedensplatz [de] and Karolinenplatz [de], as well as the street Zeughausstraße (Cityring).[33][34]

City Centre Darmstadt
Map
100m
110yds
none
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
Audimax TU Darmstadt (largest lecture hall)
3
2
Hessisches Landesmuseum Darmstadt
1
Residential Palace Darmstadt
  

City Centre Darmstadt
1
Residential Palace Darmstadt
2
Hessisches Landesmuseum Darmstadt
3
Haus der Geschichte (former court theatre)
4
Audimax TU Darmstadt (largest lecture hall)
5
Kongresszentrum darmstadtium (congress centre)
6
Altes Rathaus (former town hall)
7
Luisenplatz
8
Friedensplatz (peace square)
9
Karolinenplatz
10
Marktplatz (market square)
11
Herrngarten (urban park)

Renovations and extensions

A large extension on the west side of the main building was designed by Reinhold Kargel,[35] completed in 1984.[20][21] As of 2023, the controversial,[23] confusing[36] modern building extension houses the painting gallery with 400 paintings.[37][38] After major €80 million renovations[22] from 2007 onwards, it reopened on 13 September 2014.[17][3] About 100,000 exhibits are displayed on 9,000 m2 (97,000 sq ft) of exhibition space; the complete floor area is 12,000 m2 (130,000 sq ft).[39] In its high-rise north wing, the museum houses the Art Nouveau/prehistory and early history, zoology/handicrafts, geology and modern/contemporary arts collections on floors one above the other.[21][40] Cultural history is presented in the lower south wing.[40]

Collections

The museum is especially noted for its art collection, including Pieter Brueghel the Elder's The Magpie on the Gallows, and one of the plaques from the Magdeburg Ivories (c. 968).[41] There are also strong collections of Art Nouveau objects from several countries,[42] and German, Dutch and Flemish paintings.[43] Basis of the graphic collection are the works by Dürer and Rembrandt, bought by museum founder Louis I, Grand Duke of Hesse in 1803.[10] Interested visitors can request original prints and drawings in the study room.[44]

It also features an important natural history collection, with for instance fossils from the nearby Messel pit[45][46] and a historic American mastodon skeleton ("Peale's mastodon")[47] purchased by the Darmstadt naturalist Johann Jakob Kaup.[48][49] Also notable are the reconstructions of eleven hominid busts[50] and ten large-scale habitat dioramas.[26][51][52]

The Simon Spierer [de] Collection A Forest of Sculptures includes works of well-known international artists of the 20th century from Early Modern to Contemporary art, like Constantin Brâncuși, Alberto Giacometti, Max Ernst, Henry Moore, Tony Cragg,[53] Hans Arp, Barbara Hepworth.[54][55] Spierer donated the sculpture collection in 2004.[56] Stele and Torso [de] are the predominant motifs.[56]

The museum owns 290 objects by Joseph Beuys in seven rooms ("Block Beuys [de]"),[5][57][58] the world's largest complex of his works.[56] Key works of the 1970 installation are expansive felt objects (1964–67), Fond III (layered felt and copper, 1969),[59] Scenes from the Deer Hunt (big closet with compartments filled with many small objects, 1961)[60] and Chair with Fat (1963).[61][62] Beuys worked on the installation until his death in 1986.[63] Richard Rijnvos wrote music to each of the seven rooms.[64][65]

Gallery

Special exhibitions

The museum regularly hosts temporary special exhibitions at Großer Saal.[66]

Controversies

See also

Films

References

  1. ^ Schaefer, Georg (1872). Grossherzogl. Hessisches Landesmuseum (Darmstadt, G., Historischer Verein für das Grossherzogthum Hessen (Darmstadt, G. (1872). Die Denkmäler der Elfenbeinplastik des Grossherzoglichen Museums zu Darmstadt in kunstgeschichtlicher Darstellung: von dem historischen Verein für das Grossherzogthum Hessen herausgegebene Festschrift zur Feier der vom 16. bis 20. September 1872 in Darmstadt tagenden Generalversammlung der deutschen Geschichts- und Alterthumsvereine. Darmstadt: Buchdruckerei H. Brill. Archived from the original on 15 January 2023. Retrieved 15 January 2023.
  2. ^ "HLMD Daten und Fakten" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 28 May 2022. Retrieved 12 January 2023.
  3. ^ a b c d "Sanierung und Erweiterung des Hessischen Landesmuseums Darmstadt". Architekturzeitung (in German). Archived from the original on 4 January 2023. Retrieved 12 January 2023.
  4. ^ "Press release reopening 2014" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 16 January 2023. Retrieved 16 January 2023.
  5. ^ a b c d e "Universalmuseum in Darmstadt feiert 200. Geburtstag". Hamburger Abendblatt (in German). dpa. 22 January 2020. Archived from the original on 4 January 2023. Retrieved 4 January 2023.
  6. ^ a b Deschka, Katharina (19 December 2022). "Kritik des Rechnungshofs: Museumsdirektor Faass weist Vorwürfe von sich". FAZ.NET (in German). Archived from the original on 14 January 2023. Retrieved 14 January 2023.
  7. ^ "Darmstadt: Dr. Martin Faass ist neuer Direktor des Hessischen Landesmuseums Darmstadt". www.Metropolnews.info (in German). Archived from the original on 4 January 2023. Retrieved 4 January 2023.
  8. ^ "Hessisches Landesmuseum Darmstadt arbeitet an der Zukunft". Süddeutsche.de (in German). dpa. 17 February 2019. Archived from the original on 4 January 2023. Retrieved 4 January 2023.
  9. ^ "Museen in Hessen". wissenschaft. hessen.de (in German). Archived from the original on 4 January 2023. Retrieved 4 January 2023.
  10. ^ a b "Hessisches Landesmuseum Darmstadt". Museen-in-Hessen (in German). Archived from the original on 4 January 2023. Retrieved 4 January 2023.
  11. ^ a b "Grundinstandsetzung und Erweiterung des Hessischen Landesmuseums Darmstadt" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 14 January 2023. Retrieved 14 January 2023.
  12. ^ a b Oehrig, Susanne (13 July 2020). "200 Jahre Hessisches Landesmuseum Darmstadt – 200 Jahre Universales Denken". Darmstadt im Herzen (in German). Archived from the original on 5 February 2023. Retrieved 3 January 2023.
  13. ^ a b Rhein, Boris; Prömel, Hans Jürgen; Nolte-Fischer, Hans-Georg; Stäcker, Thomas; Göller, Andreas; Engels, Peter; Schenk, Gerrit Jasper; Quarg, Gunter; Uhlemann, Silvia; Schneider, Nicola; Jülich, Theo; Gebert, Björn; Spyra, Ulrike; Zech, Kristin; Crom, Wolfgang; Kümmel, Verena; Rosenke, Stephan; Haase, Yorck Alexander; Schellhaas, Kristin; Roth-Steiner, Roland; André, Denise; Nickels, Rudolf; Holtmann-Mares, Annegret (2020). 450 Jahre Wissen – Sammeln – Vermitteln. Von der Hof- zur Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Darmstadt : 1567–2017. Justus von Liebig Verlag. p. 105. doi:10.25534/TUPRINTS-00006838. ISBN 9783873904026. Archived from the original on 3 August 2023. Retrieved 16 January 2023.
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  23. ^ a b Schulz, Bernhard (21 September 2022). "So viel Messel wie lange nicht". Bauwelt (in German). Archived from the original on 12 January 2023. Retrieved 12 January 2023.
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  36. ^ Ochsmann, Almut (11 March 2021). "Wieder aus dem Depot hervor geholt:: Die Reger-Büste des Bildhauers Theodor von Gosen". Mitteilungen der Internationalen Max-Reger-Gesellschaft (in German) (26): 24–27–24–27. ISSN 1616-8380. Archived from the original on 16 January 2023. Retrieved 16 January 2023.
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  41. ^ Hessisches Landesmuseum; Jülich, Theo; Fuhrmanek, Wolfgang; Busch, Ina (2007). Die mittelalterlichen Elfenbeinarbeiten des Hessischen Landesmuseums Darmstadt : [Kunstgewerbemuseum der Staatlichen Museen zu Berlin, 12. Oktober 2007 bis 7. Januar 2008 ; Erzbischöfliches Diözesanmuseum und Domschatzkammer Paderborn, 15. Februar 2008 bis 7. September 2008 ; Museum Schnütgen Köln, 9. Oktober 2008 bis 18. Januar 2009 ; Musee national d'histoire et d'art Luxembourg, September 2009 bis Dezember 2009] (in German). Regensburg: Schnell & Steiner. ISBN 978-3-7954-2023-9. OCLC 181090596.
  42. ^ Glüber, Wolfgang; Wassak, Angelika (2011). Jugendstilschmuck : der Bestand im Hessischen Landesmuseum Darmstadt. : mit einem Anhang: Schmuck nach 1950 (in German). Regensburg: Schnell & Steiner. ISBN 978-3-7954-2453-4. OCLC 701796430.
  43. ^ Ludwig, Heidrun; Levental, Olivia; Fuhrmannek, Wolfgang; Hessisches Landesmuseum (2022). Malerei von ca. 1550 bis 1700 im Hessischen Landesmuseum Darmstadt : zweibändiger Bestandskatalog (in German). Darmstadt: Verlag Schnell & Steiner GmbH. ISBN 978-3-7954-3647-6. OCLC 1292463589.
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  47. ^ Magazine, Smithsonian; Sues, Hans-Dieter (6 May 2020). "The Story of Charles Willson Peale's Massive Mastodon". Smithsonian Magazine. Archived from the original on 12 January 2023. Retrieved 12 January 2023.
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  71. ^ Hessisches Landesmuseum Darmstadt Graphische Sammlung; Haas, Mechthild; Dossi, Davide; Ernst Wasmuth Verlag GmbH & Co (2016). Gestaltete Sehnsucht Reiseplakate um 1900 (in German). Tübingen: Verlag Wasmuth & Zohlen. ISBN 978-3-8030-3385-7. OCLC 960886125.
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Further reading

Architecture
Paintings
Paleontology and archaeology
Spierer Collection
Block Beuys

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