Hicksbeachia pinnatifolia
Fruiting tree
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Order: Proteales
Family: Proteaceae
Genus: Hicksbeachia
Species:
H. pinnatifolia
Binomial name
Hicksbeachia pinnatifolia

Hicksbeachia pinnatifolia is a small tree in the family Proteaceae. This rare species is native to subtropical rainforest in New South Wales and Queensland in Australia. Common names include red bopple nut, monkey nut, red nut, beef nut, rose nut and ivory silky oak.[3][4] The tree produces fleshy, red fruits during spring and summer.[3] These contain edible seeds.[5]

Taxonomy

Hicksbeachia pinnatifolia was first described by German-Australian botanist Ferdinand von Mueller in 1883 from a collection near the Tweed River in northern New South Wales.[1][2]

Description

Hicksbeachia pinnatifolia is encountered as a tree to 10 m (33 ft) in height, with a maximum trunk diameter of 20 cm (7.9 in). It may have additional stems rising from the base and suckers after being cleared. Its large compound leaves are pinnate and measure from 40 to 100 cm (16 to 39 in) long. There may be 15 to 25 individual leaflets, which measure around 6–25 cm (2.4–9.8 in) long and 2–6 cm (0.79–2.36 in) wide. The leaf margins are lined with fine teeth. New growth is covered with fine rusty hair, as are the inflorescences that emerge in winter and spring (August to October). The flower spikes droop around 14 to 50 cm (5.5 to 19.7 in) in length and are shades of purple and brown and cream. They have a strong sweet smell, described as sickly by some. They are followed in spring and summer by a red fleshy oval fruit, 3–5 cm (1.2–2.0 in) long, 2–2.8 cm (0.79–1.10 in) wide.[3][6] The black seed is within the fruit, which does not fall away.[7]

Distribution and habitat

Hicksbeachia pinnatifolia is found in (and on the margins of) subtropical rain forest from Tamborine Mountain in the southeastern corner of Queensland to the Nambucca Valley in on the New South Wales mid-north coast.[3][6] It is a component of the understory.[7]

Cultivation and uses

The seed is edible, though not as valued as that of its relative the macadamia. It is not commercially cultivated but is sometimes grown as an ornamental tree. It can be difficult to establish in the garden.[7] Germination from fresh seed is reliable with a high percentage of success. However, many juveniles soon die of fungal disease. Alexander Floyd recommends adding original leaf litter from beneath the parent tree to promote beneficial anti-fungal micro-organisms.

The orange fruit on the right is from Hicksbeachia pinnatifolia. The yellow fruit on the left is from Diploglottis campbellii
seedling

References

  1. ^ a b Mueller, F.J.H. von (1883). "Definitions of some new Australian plants" (Digitised archive copy, online, from biodiversitylibrary.org). Southern Science Record. 3 (2): 33–34. Retrieved 6 December 2014.
  2. ^ a b "Hicksbeachia pinnatifolia F.Muell". Australian Plant Name Index (APNI), IBIS database. Centre for Plant Biodiversity Research, Australian Government.
  3. ^ a b c d "Hicksbeachia pinnatifolia F.Muell". PlantNET - New South Wales Flora Online. Royal Botanic Gardens & Domain Trust, Sydney Australia. Retrieved 2009-07-10.
  4. ^ "Hicksbeachia pinnatifolia". Species Profile and Threats database. Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts. Retrieved 2009-07-10.
  5. ^ Low, T. (1991). Wild Food Plants Of Australia. Australia: Angus & Robertson. ISBN 0207169306.
  6. ^ a b Weston PH (1995). "Hicksbeachia". In McCarthy, Patrick (ed.). Flora of Australia: Volume 16: Eleagnaceae, Proteaceae 1. CSIRO Publishing / Australian Biological Resources Study. pp. 410–13. ISBN 0-643-05693-9.
  7. ^ a b c Janick, Jules; Paull, Robert E. (2008). The encyclopedia of fruit & nuts. CABI. p. 600. ISBN 978-0-85199-638-7. Retrieved 28 May 2010.
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