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((ref improve|date=March 2020))
((Infobox protected area
| name = High Peaks Wilderness Area
| iucn_category = Ib
| photo = 
| photo_caption = 
| map = USA
| relief = 1
| map_caption = 
| location = [[Adirondack Park]] [[New York (state)|New York]] [[United States|US]]
| nearest_city = [[Keene Valley, New York|Keene Valley, NY]]
| coordinates = ((coords|44.19028|-74.02690|region:US|display=inline, title))
| area = 275,460 acres (1,114.7km<sup>2</sup>)
| established = 
| visitation_num = 
| visitation_year = 
| governing_body = [[New York State Department of Environmental Conservation]]
))

The '''[[Adirondack High Peaks|High Peaks]] [[Wilderness Area]]''', the largest [[Forest Preserve (New York)|Forest Preserve]] unit in the [[U.S. state]] of [[New York (state)|New York]], is located in three counties and six towns in the [[Adirondack Park]]: [[Harrietstown, New York|Harrietstown]] in [[Franklin County, New York|Franklin County]], [[North Elba, New York|North Elba]], [[Keene, New York|Keene]], [[North Hudson, New York|North Hudson]] and [[Newcomb, New York|Newcomb]] in [[Essex County, New York|Essex County]] and [[Long Lake, New York|Long Lake]] in [[Hamilton County, New York|Hamilton County]].

==Geography==

It is roughly bounded on the north by [[New York State Route 3|NY 3]], the old Haybridge Road, which runs from Cold Brook to Averyville, the [[Adirondak Loj]] property at [[Heart Lake (New York)|Heart Lake]], the [[Mount Van Hoevenberg]] area and [[New York State Route 73|NY 73]] near the [[Cascade Lakes]]. Private land to the west of Route 73 forms the eastern boundary. The southern boundary is formed by privately owned lands, including the [[Ausable Club]], [[Finch, Pruyn and Company]], [[National Lead Company]] and the [[State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry]]'s [[Huntington Wildlife Forest]]. This wilderness is bounded on the west by [[Long Lake (Hamilton County, New York)|Long Lake]] and the [[Raquette River]].<ref>Annie Stoltie, Lisa Bramen French and Niki Kourofsky ((google books|qc1kDwAAQBAJ|Explorer's Guide Adirondacks (Eighth Edition) (Explorer's Complete)|page=39))</ref>

There is one significant inholding: the [[Johns Brook Lodge]], a backcountry cabin and surrounding campsites operated by the [[Adirondack Mountain Club]], 3.5 miles (5.6&nbsp;km)<ref>[[New York Magazine]] ((google books|YeMCAAAAMBAJ|New York Magazine, 30 May 1977|page=72))</ref> along the eponymous trail and brook from the popular "Garden" parking area and access point near [[Keene Valley, New York|Keene Valley]].<ref>((cite web |last1=Ahearn |first1=Molly |title=Johns Brook Lodge |url=https://www.adk.org/stay/johns-brook-lodge/ |website=Adirondack Mountain Club |accessdate=14 March 2020))</ref>

The area includes 112 bodies of water on 1,392 acres (5.6&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>), 238.4 miles (383.5&nbsp;km) of [[trail|foot trails]], 52.3 miles (84.1&nbsp;km) of horse trails, and 84 [[lean-to]]s. The area contains 42 of the 46 [[Adirondack High Peaks]], including the tallest, [[Mount Marcy]].

The topography ranges from small areas of low-lying swampland (e.g., along the Raquette and [[Saranac River|Saranac]] Rivers) to the highest point in New York State at the top of [[Mount Marcy]]. Although there is a considerable variety of topography, it is predominantly high mountain country. Like the topography, the forest cover also varies from pole-size hardwoods to mature, large diameter hardwood and softwood stands to the spruce-fir of the subalpine region.

===Forest===

Forest fires near the turn of the century were intense enough in some locations, such as the Cascade Range, to destroy both vegetation and topsoil, leaving bare rock which will require many more years for enough soil to develop to support a forest cover. However, the greater part of this area is predominantly forested with mixed hardwoods and softwoods. The higher elevations at and near most mountain tops have thick stands of stunted balsam with some spruce, white birch and yellow birch. The tops of Mount Marcy and Algonquin are above the timberline and a number of other mountain tops are at or close to timberline. The subalpine and alpine vegetation on the tops of these mountains has been of interest to many people, including students of botany, ecology and zoology, as well as recreationists willing to hike to the mountain tops for superb views of the High Peaks region and close observation of unique plant associations. ((fact|date=August 2012))
[[File:Adirondacks Mount Marcy From Mount Haystack.JPG|left|300px|thumb|[[Mount Marcy]], the highest point in New York State and most popular hike in the High Peaks Wilderness Area.]]

===Water===

Many streams cascade from the mountain slopes, providing numerous scenic waterfalls, deep pools and brook trout fishing opportunities. Such streams as the [[Opalescent River]], [[Johns Brook]], [[Klondike Brook]], [[Marcy Brook]], [[Cold River (New York)|Cold River]] and [[Moose Creek (Adirondack mountains)|Moose Creek]] are frequently photographed. [[Lake Tear of the Clouds]], often considered the source of the [[Hudson River]], lies at about 4,300 feet (1,311 m) elevation on a flank of [[Mount Marcy]].

==Recreation==

This wilderness area is the most popular destination in the park.  In the summer, the area offers numerous opportunities day [[hiking]], [[backpacking (wilderness)|backpacking]], and [[rock climbing]].  The area also offers some opportunities for [[canoeing]].  In the winter, the area provides for [[ice climbing]], [[skiing]], [[snowshoeing]], and [[mountaineering]].

Hikers and mountaineers probably outnumber all other groups. Ski touring and snowshoeing throughout the area, particularly the northeast sector, have been on the increase in recent years. Winter mountaineering and winter camping continue to be highly popular.<ref>((cite web |title=STATE OF NEW YORK: ADIRONDACK PARK STATE LAND MASTER PLAN |url=http://www.apa.state.ny.us/Documents/Laws_Regs/SlmpPDF2001.pdf |publisher=[[Adirondack Park Agency]] |access-date=3 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070921045256/http://www.apa.state.ny.us/Documents/Laws_Regs/SlmpPDF2001.pdf |archive-date=21 September 2007))</ref>

===Hiking===
[[File:2016-09-04 06 58 33 The High Peak Information Center at the end of Adirondack Loj Road in North Elba, Essex County, New York.jpg|thumb|The High Peak Information Center at the end of Adirondack Loj Road in North Elba, Essex County, New York]]
In addition to hundreds of miles of maintained trails, the area features a number of unmaintained trails, particularly to the summits of [[Adirondack High Peaks|high peaks]].  Hikers may also scramble up the many [[landslides]] in the area.  Several maintained trails connect with the [[Adirondack Mountain Reserve]] and [[Dix Mountain Wilderness Area]], offering opportunities for extended backcountry outings. The ((convert|138|mi|km|adj=on)) [[Northville-Placid Trail]] crosses the High Peaks Wilderness Area from its southeastern corner at [[Long Lake, New York|Long Lake]] to [[Lake Placid, New York|Lake Placid]].

The range trail, which traverses a series of mountain summits known as the [[Great Range (New York)|Great Range]] from [[Mount Marcy]] to [[Keene Valley, New York|Keene Valley]], is considered by many to be the most scenic and rugged trail in the state. This trail traverses eight of the mountain peaks in this area that exceed 4,000 feet (1,219 m) in elevation. The western portions of the area receive substantially less public use than the Mount Marcy region.

[[Wanika Falls]], [[Indian Falls (New York)|Indian Falls]], [[Indian Pass]], the [[Duck Hole]],<ref>((cite web |title=NPT - Cold River & Duck Hole |url=https://www.cnyhiking.com/NPT-DuckHole.htm |website=www.cnyhiking.com |accessdate=14 March 2020))</ref><ref>((cite web |title=Duck Hole from Upper Works - 10/12/14 |url=http://www.offonadventure.com/2014/10/duck-hole-from-upper-works-101214.html |accessdate=14 March 2020))</ref> [[Avalanche Pass (New York)|Avalanche Pass]], and [[Panther Gorge]],<ref>((cite web |last1=Wechsler |first1=Alan |title=Panther Gorge: The Remote Adirondack Moderate Mecca You've Never Heard Of |url=https://www.climbing.com/places/panther-gorge-the-remote-adirondack-moderate-mecca-youve-never-heard-of/ |website=Climbing Magazine |accessdate=14 March 2020 |language=en-us))</ref> are also popular hiking destinations.

===Climbing===

The area contains many cliffs that are popular for [[rock climbing]], including [[Cascade Lakes (New York)|Cascade Lakes]], [[Wallface Mountain]], and Avalanche Pass.  In the winter, Avalanche Pass and the [[Trap Dike on Mount Colden|Trap Dike]] are popular destinations.

===Skiing===

Many trails are suitable for [[cross-country skiing]] and numerous rock slides offer backcountry opportunities for [[alpine skiing|alpine]] and [[telemark skiing]] as well as [[snowboarding]]. Avalanches occur in this region, requiring winter visitors to take appropriate precautions.

===Canoeing===

The [[Adirondack Canoe Route]], which runs ninety miles from [[Old Forge, New York|Old Forge]] to [[Saranac Lake, New York|Saranac Lake]], parallels the western boundary of the Wilderness Area for ((convert|23|mi|km)) along the eastern shores of Long Lake and the [[Raquette River]]; this section of the Canoe Route forms a part of the HPWA.<ref>[http://www.dec.ny.gov/docs/lands_forests_pdf/hpwump.pdf NY DEC High Peaks Wilderness Complex Unit Management Plan]</ref>
Although the generally steep terrain limits access to most water features within the HPWA, the [[Cascade Lakes (New York)|Cascade Lakes]], [[Henderson Lake (New York)|Henderson Lake]], and the [[Cold River (New York)|Cold River]] are popular destinations at the edge of the wilderness.  It is possible to access the [[Preston Ponds]] and [[Duck Hole]] by a long carry from Henderson Lake.

===Special regulations===

Heavy use at the end of the 20th century led New York's [[New York State Department of Environmental Conservation|Department of Environmental Conservation]], which manages the area, to adopt the tightest rules and regulations for any of its properties in the Forest Preserve. Administratively, the area is subdivided into an eastern and western zone. In the more frequented former, [[backpacking (wilderness)|backpackers]] are limited in group size.((fact|date=August 2012)) Dogs must be kept on a [[leash]] at all times. As of 2005, the DEC has regulated that all overnight campers must carry a bear canister for their food.<ref>((cite web|url=http://www.dec.ny.gov/animals/7512.html |title=Bear Resistant Canister Regulation - NYS Dept. Of Environmental Conservation |accessdate=2013-07-30 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130530124227/http://www.dec.ny.gov/animals/7512.html |archivedate=2013-05-30 ))</ref> Also a permit is required for camping on the shorelines of the Essex Chain of Lakes.<ref>((cite web |last1=Lynch |first1=Mike |title=Adirondack camping destinations for canoe, kayak trip: 8 places to stay |url=https://www.newyorkupstate.com/adirondacks/2016/06/adirondack_canoe_and_kayak_camping_destinations.html |website=newyorkupstate |accessdate=14 March 2020 |language=en |date=7 June 2016))</ref> Furthermore, no fires are allowed in the Eastern High Peaks region.

==Public access==
Road access is possible from all sides of the wilderness area.  It is possible to reach the western portion by [[canoe]] or [[kayak]] from Long Lake and the [[Cold River (New York)|Cold River]].((fact|date=August 2012))

==See also==
* [[List of Wilderness Areas in the Adirondack Park]]

==References==
((Reflist))
* Adirondack Park Agency. [https://web.archive.org/web/20070921045256/http://www.apa.state.ny.us/Documents/Laws_Regs/SlmpPDF2001.pdf "Adirondack State Land Master Plan"], Updated 2001.

((Adirondack High Peaks))

[[Category:Wilderness areas in Adirondack Park]]
[[Category:Adirondack High Peaks|*]]
[[Category:Protected areas of Essex County, New York]]
[[Category:Protected areas of Hamilton County, New York]]
[[Category:Protected areas of Herkimer County, New York]]
[[Category:Protected areas of Franklin County, New York]]
[[Category:Adirondacks]]

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