Hinghwa Romanized, also known as Hing-hua̍ báⁿ-uā-ci̍ (興化平話字) or Báⁿ-uā-ci̍ (平話字), is a Latin alphabet of the Putian dialect of Pu-Xian Chinese. It was invented by William N. Brewster (蒲魯士), an American Methodist pioneer missionary in Hinghwa (modern Putian) in 1890.
Writing system
Alphabet
Hinghwa Romanized has 23 letters: a a̤ b c ch d e e̤ g h i k l m n ng o o̤ p s t u ṳ.
Finals
|
Vowel |
Diphthong |
Nasal |
Glottal
|
| no glide
|
a 鴉 (a)
|
au 拗 (au)
|
aŋ 王 (ang)
|
aʔ 壓 (ah)
|
| ɒ 奥 (o̤)
|
|
ɒŋ 用 (o̤ng)
|
ɒʔ 屋 (o̤h)
|
| o 科 (eo)
|
ɔu 烏 (o)
|
oŋ 温 (eong)
|
oʔ 熨 (eoh)
|
| e 裔 (a̤)
|
ai 愛 (ai)
|
ɛŋ 煙 (eng)
|
ɛʔ 黑 (eh)
|
| œ 改 (e̤)
|
|
œŋ 換 (e̤ng)
|
œʔ 郁 (e̤h)
|
|
|
|
ŋ 伓 (ng)
|
|
| /-i-/
|
i 衣 (i)
|
iu 油 (iu)
|
iŋ 引 (ing)
|
iʔ 益 (ih)
|
| ia 夜 (ia)
|
iau 要 (a̤u)
|
iaŋ 鹽 (iang)
|
iaʔ 葉 (iah)
|
| /-u-/
|
u 夫 (u)
|
ui 位 (ui)
|
uŋ 黄 (ng)
|
| ua 画 (ua)
|
ue 歪 (oi)
|
uaŋ 碗 (uang)
|
uaʔ 活 (uah)
|
| /-y-/
|
y 余 (ṳ)
|
|
yŋ 恩 (ṳng)
|
yʔ 役 (ṳh)
|
| yɒ 安 (io̤ⁿ)
|
|
yɒŋ 羊 (io̤ng)
|
yɒʔ 藥 (io̤h)
|
Tone
| Tone
|
Ing-báⁿ 陰平
|
Ing-siō̤ng 陰上
|
Ing-kṳ̍ 陰去
|
Ing-ci̍h 陰入
|
Ió̤ng-báⁿ 陽平
|
Ió̤ng-kṳ̍ 陽去
|
Ió̤ng-ci̍h 陽入
|
| Hinghwa Romanized
|
none (a)
|
ˆ (â)
|
ˈ (a̍)
|
none (ah)
|
́ (á)
|
¯ (ā)
|
ˈ (a̍h)
|
| Putian
|
˥˧˧ (533)
|
˦˥˧ (453)
|
˦˨ (42)
|
ʔ˨˩ (ʔ21)
|
˩˧ (13)
|
˩ (11)
|
ʔ˦ (ʔ4)
|
| Xianyou
|
˥˦˦ (544)
|
˧˧˨ (332)
|
˥˨ (52)
|
ʔ˨ (ʔ2)
|
˨˦ (24)
|
˨˩ (21)
|
ʔ˦ (ʔ4)
|
Example text
Tai̍-che̤ ū Dō̤, Dō̤ gah Siō̤ng-Da̤̍ dó̤ng-cāi, Dō̤ cuh sī Siō̤ng-Da̤̍. Ca̤̍ Dō̤ ta̍i-che̤ gah Sio̤ng-Da̤̍ dó̤ng-cāi. Māng-beo̍h sī ciā da̤u̍h I cho̤̍ ē; hang pī cho̤̍, beo̍ seo̍h-ā̤uⁿ ng-sī ciā da̤u̍h I cho̤̍ ē.
太初有道，道佮上帝同在，道就是上帝。這道太初佮上帝同在。萬物是借著伊造兮，含被造兮，無一樣呣是借著伊造兮。
In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God. The same was in the beginning with God. All things were made by him; and without him was not any thing made that was made. (John 1:1-3 KJV)
