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((Short description|Japanese polymath and rōnin (((circa))1729–((circa))1780)))
((More citations needed|date=January 2024))
((family name hatnote|Hiraga|lang=Japanese))
((Infobox person
| name                      = Hiraga Gennai
| native_name               = 平賀 源内
| native_name_lang          = ja
| image                     = A Portrait of Kyūkei Hiraga.jpg
| image_size                = 250
| caption                   = 1845 ''A Portrait of Kyūkei Hiraga (1729–80)'' by Momuō Kimura
| alt                       = Hiraga Gennai
| birth_date                = ((circa))1729
| birth_place               = [[Sanuki, Kagawa|Sanuki]], [[Sanuki Province]], [[Tokugawa Shogunate|Japan]]<ref name="Shirane2002">((cite book |editor1-last=Shirane |editor1-first=Haruo |title=Early Modern Japanese Literature: An Anthology, 1600-1900 |date=2002 |publisher=Columbia University Press |location=New York, NY |isbn=978-0-231-10991-8))</ref>((rp|461))
| death_date                = <!--((Death date and age|1780|01|24|1729||))((Citation needed))-->
| other_names               = ((Nihongo|Kyūkei|鳩渓|)), ((Nihongo|Fūrai Sanjin|風来山人|)), ((Nihongo|Tenjiku rōnin|天竺浪人|)) and ((Nihongo|Fukuchi Kigai|福内鬼外|))
| education                 = Student of [[Rangaku]]<ref name="Roberts2009">((cite journal |last1=Roberts |first1=Lissa |title=Orienting natural knowledge: the complex career of Hiraga Gennai |journal=Endeavour |date=27 May 2009 |volume=33 |issue=2 |pages=65–69 |doi=10.1016/j.endeavour.2009.04.009 |pmid=19477523 |issn=0160-9327 |url=https://doi.org/10.1016/j.endeavour.2009.04.009))</ref>((rp|65))
| occupation                = Physician, author, painter and inventor
))

[[File:Hiraga Gennai by Nakamaru Seijuro (Waseda University Library).jpg|thumb|Portrait of Hiraga Gennai by [[Nakamaru Seijuro]]]]

((Nihongo|'''Hiraga Gennai'''|平賀 源内||born ((circa))1729; died 1779 or 1780)) was a Japanese [[polymath]] and ''[[rōnin]]'' of the [[Edo period]]. He was a [[Pharmacology|pharmacologist]], student of ''[[Rangaku]]'', physician, author, painter and inventor well known for his ''[[Elekiter|Erekiteru]]'' (electrostatic generator), ''Kandankei'' (thermometer)((r|Shirane2002|p=462)) and ''Kakanpu'' (asbestos cloth)((r|Roberts2009|p=67)). Gennai composed several works of literature, including the fictional satires ''Fūryū Shidōken den'' (1763),((r|Shirane2002|p=486-512)) the ''Nenashigusa'' (1763),((r|Shirane2002|p=463-486))((r|JonesWatanabe2013|p=115-124)) and the ''Nenashigusa kohen'' (1768), and the satirical essays ''On Farting''<ref name=JonesWatanabe2013>((cite book |last1=Jones |first1=Sumie |last2=Watanabe |first2=Kenji |title=An Edo Anthology: Literature from Japan’s Mega-City, 1750-1850 |date=2013 |publisher=University of Hawai'i Press |location=Honolulu, HI |doi=10.1515/9780824837761 |isbn=978-0-8248-3629-0 |url=https://doi.org/10.1515/9780824837761))</ref>((rp|393–9)) and ''A Lousy Journey of Love''.((r|JonesWatanabe2013|p=62-4)) He also authored two guidebooks on the male prostitutes of Japan, the ''Kiku no en'' (1764) and the ''San no asa'' (1768).<ref name="Leupp1995">((cite book |last1=Leupp |first1=Gary P. |title=Male Colors: The Construction of Homosexuality in Tokugawa Japan |date=1995 |publisher=University of California Press |location=Berkeley, CA |isbn=0-520-20900-1 |url=https://search-ebscohost-com.ezp.lib.cam.ac.uk/login.aspx?direct=true&db=nlebk&AN=10053&site=ehost-live&scope=site))</ref>((rp|75)) His birth name was Shiraishi Kunitomo,((Citation needed|date=January 2024)) but he later used numerous pen names, including  ((Nihongo|Kyūkei|鳩渓|)), ((Nihongo|Fūrai Sanjin|風来山人|)) (his principal literary pen name), ((Nihongo|Tenjiku rōnin|天竺浪人|)) and ((Nihongo|Fukuchi Kigai|福内鬼外|)). He is best known by the name Hiraga Gennai.

== Biography ==

===Family history===
Hiraga Gennai was born in 1729((r|Roberts2009|p=65)) in the village of Shidoura, [[Sanuki Province]] (part of the modern city of [[Sanuki, Kagawa]]). He was the third son of Shiroishi Mozaemon, a low-level provincial samurai in the service of the [[Takamatsu Domain]].((r|Shirane2002|p=461-2)) The Shiroishi clan traced their roots to [[Saku District, Shinano|Saku District]] in [[Shinano Province]] where they were local warlords with the surname of "Hiraga". However, after they were defeated by the [[Takeda clan]], they fled to [[Mutsu Province]] and entered the service of the [[Date clan]], taking the new surname of "Shiroishi" from a location in Mutsu. They accompanied a cadet branch of the Date clan to [[Uwajima Domain]] in [[Shikoku]], but eventually moved to Takamatsu where they supplemented their meagre income as a low-ranking [[samurai]] with farming. Gennai studied Confucianism and [[haiku]] poetry, and crafted ''[[hanging scroll|kakejiku]]'' as a child in Takamatsu.((Citation needed|date=January 2024))

===Early life===
In 1741, Gennai began his studies as an herbalist and became an apprentice to a physician at the age of 12. Later at the age of 18 Gennai was offered an official position in the herb garden of the local ((nihongo|'''''[[Daimyō]]'''''|大名|daimyō|)).((r|Roberts2009|p=65)) In 1748, his father died, and he became head of the family.

===Midlife===
[[File:Elekiter replica.jpg|thumb|The ''Elekiter'' (replica) exhibited in the [[National Museum of Nature and Science]], Tokyo, Japan.|left]]

====Life in Nagasaki====
In 1752, Gennai was sent to [[Nagasaki, Nagasaki|Nagasaki]] to study western medicine, including European pharmaceutical and surgical techniques and other ''[[rangaku]]'' topics.((r|Roberts2009|p=65)) Two years later, he turned his house over to his younger sister's husband.((r|Shirane2002|p=462)) Nagasaki was at the time one of the only ports that foreign ships were allowed to enter and therefore the [[Dutch East Indies Company]] ([[Dutch East Indies Company|VOC]]) along with a host of Chinese traders resided in the port town, and there were able to do business under highly regulated supervision. The interaction that Gennai had with the Chinese merchants and members of the [[Dutch East Indies Company|VOC]] introduced him to ceramics.((r|Roberts2009|p=65-6)) The following year Gennai relocated to [[Osaka]] and [[Kyoto]], where he studied [[herbal medicine]] under Toda Kyokuzan before moving to [[Edo]] in 1757.((Citation needed|date=January 2024))

====Life in Edo====
In [[Edo]], he studied with Tamura Ransui, and with his oversight and support Gennai began to cultivate natural specimens of [[ginseng]]. This made the transition from imports of the medicinal herb to domestic production possible. While in [[Edo]] Gennai wrote a number of books, some on scientific or nature topics, some [[satirical]] novels, in the ''[[kokkeibon]]'' and ''[[dangibon]]'' genres. Gennai was an [[Homosexuality in Japan|onna-girai]]((r|Leupp1995|p=102)) and composed several works on the subject, including guidebooks on the male [[prostitute]]s of Edo((r|Leupp1995|p=75)) and works of fiction exalting sex between men over [[heterosexuality]].((r|Leupp1995|p=86))In his scientific experiments, Gennai prospected for various minerals, wove [[asbestos]], calculated temperatures, and worked with [[static electricity]]. He returned to Nagasaki to study mining and the techniques of refining ores.

=====Mining=====
In 1761, he discovered iron deposits in [[Izu Province]] and worked as a broker to establish a mining venture. He also held exhibitions of his various inventions in Edo, and came to be known to [[Tanuma Okitsugu]], a senior official in the [[Tokugawa shogunate]], as well as the doctors [[Sugita Genpaku]] and [[Nakagawa Jun'an]].  In 1766, he assisted [[Kawagoe Domain]] to develop an asbestos mine in what is now part of [[Chichibu, Saitama]]. While these, he also studied techniques to improve the efficiency of charcoal furnaces and the construction of river boats.

=====Pottery=====
In 1772, while on a trip to Nagasaki, Gennai uncovered a store of clay; this led to him petitioning the government to allow him to manufacture pottery on a large scale, for both exports and domestic use.

He is quoted as having said:
((Blockquote
|text=If the Japanese ware is good, then naturally we will not spend our gold and silver on the foreign commodity. Rather to the contrary: since both the Chinese and Hollanders will come to seek out these wares and carry them home, this will be of everlasting national benefit. Since it is originally clay, no matter how much pottery we send out, there need be no anxiety about a depletion of resources.
|author=Hiraga Gennai ((r|Roberts2009|p=67,69n8)) <!--This citation isn't ideal as it's secondary, but I don't have access to the original translation (to credit the translator) or the original quotation in Japanese. If someone can find it, please add it :)-->
))

[[File:Sake Bottle (tokkuri) with Design of Scholars in Garden LACMA M.2006.214.21.jpg|thumb|Gennai (Shido) ware ''[[sake]]'' bottle with design of scholars in garden, earthenware with clear glaze and colored enamels. Edo period, 18th century]]Gennai made or instructed a number of [[Japanese pottery]] pieces which are named ''Gennai ware'' after him. The style is unique with brilliant colours, mostly three, following the [[Kōchi ware]] style from Gennai's native island of [[Shikoku]].<ref>((cite web |url=http://www.fukuoka-art-museum.jp/english/eb/html/eb01/0818_gennai_04.htm |title=福岡市美術館 |publisher=Fukuoka-art-museum.jp |access-date=2020-04-28 |archive-date=2018-02-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180206131543/http://www.fukuoka-art-museum.jp/english/eb/html/eb01/0818_gennai_04.htm |url-status=dead ))</ref>

=====Teaching=====
In 1773, he was invited by [[Satake Yoshiatsu]] to [[Kubota Domain]] to teach mining engineering, and while in [[Dewa Province]], also gave lessons in western oil painting.((Citation needed|date=January 2024))

===End of life===
Gennai was back in Edo by the summer of 1779, where he undertook repairs to a ''[[Daimyō]]'' mansion. His final days are surrounded in mystery.((r|Roberts2009|p=69)) The most prevalent account is that he was arrested in late 1779 for killing two carpenters on the project in a drunken rage after they had accused him of stealing the plans for the mansion. He subsequently died in prison on January 24 of then following year of [[tetanus]].((Citation needed|date=January 2024)) Sugita Genpaku wanted to hold a funeral service, but this was denied for unknown reasons by the Shogunate, so Sugita held a memorial service with no body and with no tombstone. This has given rise to many theories over the years that Gennai had not actually died in prison, but had been spirited away, possibly by the intervention of Tanuma Okitsugu, and lived out the rest of his life somewhere in obscurity.((r|JonesWatanabe2013|p=114))

==Grave of Hiraga Gennai==
[[File:Hirara_Gennai_grave_in_Shido.JPG|left|thumb|Hiraga Gennai grave in Shido]]
Despite the original prohibition on his funeral, Hiraga Gennai had a grave at the temple of Sosen-ji in [[Asakusabashi]] (currently Hashiba, Taitō-ku, Tokyo) ((coord|35|43|41|N|139|48|21|E|region:JP-09_type:landmark|display=inline)). In 1928, following the [[1923 Great Kantō earthquake]], the temple was relocated to [[Itabashi]], but its cemetery remained behind. Behind his grave is the grave of Fukusuke, his long-time manservant, and next to the tombstone is a stone monument with an epitaph by [[Sugita Genpaku]], his life-long friend. The tomb was reconstructed by  Count [[Yorinaga Matsudaira]] in 1931. It received protection as a [[Monuments of Japan|National Historic Site]] in 1943.<ref>((cite web |url=https://bunka.nii.ac.jp/heritages/detail/203396/1|title=平賀源内墓 |trans-title= Hiraga Gennai no haka |language=Japanese |publisher=[[Agency for Cultural Affairs]] ))</ref> The site is a 12-minute walk from [[Minami-Senju Station]] on the [[Hibiya Line]]; however, the grave is not open to the public.<ref>((cite web |url=https://t-navi.city.taito.lg.jp/spot/tabid90.html?pdid1=263|title=Taito wo dekake navi |trans-title= Hiraga Gennai no haka |language=Japanese |publisher=[[Taitō]] City ))</ref>

In addition, Hiraga has a second grave at the Hiraga family ''[[bodaiji]]'' in [[Sanuki, Kagawa]].((Citation needed|date=January 2024))

==Works==

===''On Farting''===
Gennai published many works over the course of his literary career. Perhaps one of the most well-known is ''On Farting'', a satirical work which explored encounters between [[high culture|high]] and [[low culture]] in [[Ryōgoku]], a popular entertainment district in Edo.<ref name=Hirano2011>((cite journal |last1=Hirano |first1=Katsuya |title=Politics and Poetics of the Body in Early Modern Japan |journal=Modern Intellectual History |date=27 September 2011 |volume=8 |issue=3 |pages=499–530 |doi=10.1017/S1479244311000333 |s2cid=145618792 |url=https://doi.org/10.1017/S1479244311000333))</ref> Within this work, Gennai himself is depicted as having a "spirited" debate with a samurai about a peasant who had gained fame and popularity as a [[Flatulist|fart-ist]], entertaining crowds with performances of [[flatulence]]. Gennai and his friends debate if a drug is being used by the artist that allows the performance to be possible. Gennai argues that the feat is impressive and commendably unique.((r|JonesWatanabe2013|p=395)) Another character, a Confucian Samurai named Ishibe Kinkichirō, argues that, due to the rudeness of the act and the stupidity of viewers, encouraging the public performance of flatulence goes against the rules of [[Confucianism|Confucian]] etiquette.((r|JonesWatanabe2013|p=396)) Through this extended dialogue, Gennai highlights the differences between these two conflicting value systems. For the Confucian samurai, the performance represents a serious offence against [[Li (Confucianism)|propriety]] and social order, whereas Gennai believes that it embodies wisdom and creativity. The two agree that a fart is nothing more than a useless discharge, and that it cannot compare to the officially sanctioned work traditionally labeled as 'productive', such as the mental work that comes with running Tokugawa society; however, they disagree on the meaning and implications of this discharge. Kinkichirō argues that it goes against everything that the "true sages" taught society about human decency and etiquette, but Gennai sees the fart-ist's creativity and wisdom in being able to make such useless excess into music. By presenting it this way Gennai exposes a problem with the categorization of material and media as either high or low.<ref name=Nenzi2014>((cite journal |last1=Nenzi |first1=Laura |title=An Edo Anthology: Literature from Japan's Mega City, 1750–1850. |journal=The Journal of Asian Studies |date=2014 |volume=73 |issue=3 |pages=811–812 |doi=10.1017/S0021911814000746 |s2cid=163522006 |url=https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021911814000746))</ref> Throughout the story, Gennai continues to critique both the concept of high culture and the attitude of its custodians.

===''Rootless Grass''===

Another of Gennai's notable satirical works is ''Rootless Grass'',((r|Shirane2002|p=463-486))((r|JonesWatanabe2013|p=115-124)) in which ''[[Enma]]'', the King of Hell, falls in love with an ''[[onnagata]]''. In Gennai's description of hell, it is a lively place, but is currently in the midst of a large construction project. This project is due to the need for more space, because of the massive growth in population that hell is experiencing. King Enma tasks the Dragon King with the retrieval of the ''onnagata'' Kinkunojō II, who has become the object of Enma's affection. The Dragon King holds court to determine who will go to the mortal world to retrieve the ''[[onnagata]]''. The court debates over which retainer should be the one to complete this task. In the end, the Dragon King sends the gatekeeper, a ''[[kappa]]''. The ''kappa'' plans to seduce the actor and then drown him, in order to bring him back to hell. However, the ''kappa'' falls in love with the young actor. Not wanting to subject his lover to eternal suffering in hell, the ''kappa'' brings back a less attractive ''onnagata'' in an unsuccessful attempt to appease Enma. Enma then ventures out into the mortal realm to find Kinkunojō himself, but he is defeated in battle by the great hero actor [[Ichikawa Raizō (lineage)|Ichikawa Raizō I]]. It is then revealed that the whole story has actually been Raizō's dream, foretelling his imminent death.((r|JonesWatanabe2013|p=114-5))

===''A Lousy Journey of Love''===
Continuing the theme of satirical publications, Gennai's piece "A Lousy Journey of Love"((r|JonesWatanabe2013|p=62-4)) is part of ''Blown Blossom and Fallen Leaves'', an anthology of his work compiled and published posthumously by his friend and trainee, [[Ōta Nanpo]].((r|JonesWatanabe2013|p=60)) Within this piece, the reader follows the journey of two lice traversing the body of a boy. Gennai employs frequent wordplay and puns, which add to the absurdity and humor of telling a story from the perspective of a louse.

==Appearances in fiction==
*Hiraga Gennai (1989, TBS, as Gennai: [[Toshiyuki Nishida]])
In the film, Gennai is the protagonist of a detective-like role who uses his wealth of knowledge to solve the mystery of the incident that occurred in [[Edo]].
*Gennai appears as a scholar/inventor and cross-dressing lesbian in the manga ''[[Ōoku: The Inner Chambers]]'' (2005–2020) by [[Fumi Yoshinaga]].
*In the anime OVA: ''Mask of Zeguy'' Hiraga Gennai had a prominent role (along with Hijikata Toshizo) in protecting Miki (who is a descendant of the renowned Priestess Shamus) and preventing the legendary mask from falling into the wrong hands.
*In the anime OVA: ''T.P. Sakura'', Hiraga Gennai appears in addition to his [[elekiter]].
*In the anime ''[[Oh! Edo Rocket]]'' episode 10 it is revealed that the retired resident is Gennai. The Fūrai Row-House Block, which he says is his, is also likely a nod to one of his pen names.
*In the anime ''[[Gintama]]'', there is a mechanic known as Hiraga Gengai.
*The anime ''[[Zero no Tsukaima]]'' has a character by the name of Hiraga Saito. Since Saito hails from Japan, it is speculated that he is named after Gennai.
*Gennai makes an appearance in the [[anime]] ''[[Read or Die]]'', along with the clones of many other historical and legendary figures. In ''Read Or Die'', Gennai uses his elekiter as a very high powered destructive weapon that he uses to destroy the [[White House]] and eradicate an entire fleet of combat helicopters. 
*A giant mechanical frog is named after him in ''[[Mai-HiME]]''.
*In the anime ''[[Flint the Time Detective]]'', he makes an appearance with the Time Shifter Elekin as he uses it to make giant robots.
*In the [[Square (video game company)|Square]] game ''[[Live-A-Live]]'', there is a mechanic named Gennai who is responsible for the creation of mechanical traps in the Bakumatsu Chapter.  Since the setting of the chapter is the [[Bakumatsu]] era, his presence is an [[anachronism]], but considering the additional presence of [[Ishikawa Goemon]], [[Yodo-Dono]], and [[Shiro Tokisada Amakusa]], it is clear that this section of the game was intentionally designed as a mash-up of popular Japanese history.
*In the 36th episode of ''[[Kikaida 01]]'' Hiraga Gennai is threatened by time traveling robots from 1974 disguised as ninja. The evil Shadow tends to take him to 1974 and have him help build better robots.
*In the 30th episode of ''[[Demashita! Powerpuff Girls Z]]'' (ガールズとカレ!, "Girls and Him!"), a character by the name of Hiraga Kennai is responsible for the creation of a primitive form of Chemical Z and the Ōedo Chakichaki Musume. He also uses an elekiter to separate Him's soul (the black light) from his body.
*In the 13th episode of the first season of the anime ''[[Digimon Adventure (1999 TV series)|Digimon Adventure]]'' (エンジェモン覚醒!, "Angemon's Awakening!"), an elderly man named [[Gennai]] appears to the Chosen Children/Digidestined and helps them with their journey. He reappears in the second season called ''[[Digimon Adventure 02]]'' as a younger man. His ''[[Digimon Adventure (1999 TV series)|Digimon Adventure]]'' design appears to be based on old-fashioned Japanese styles, and both it and his name were likely inspired by the historical Gennai.
*In the [[light novel]] ''[[Hidan no Aria]]'', Gennai is the famous ancestor of the Amdo Butei Aya Hiraga.
*In the 6th episode of the anime ''[[Sengoku Collection]]'' he is embodied in a genius and clumsy girl.
*In the anime ''[[Carried by the Wind: Tsukikage Ran]]'', Gennai makes an appearance in episode 7.
*In the manga ''Korokoro Soushi'', by ''[[Shintaro Kago]]'', as a recurrent character.
*Takashi Yamaguchi played Hiraga Gennai in ''Tenkagomen'', an [[NHK]] drama series (1971–1972).
*In a mobile card turn-based video game ''Valkyrie Crusade'', a female version of Hiraga exists as a card. Elekiter also mentioned with "her".
*In the free-to-play MMORPG ''[[Onigiri (video game)|Onigiri]]'', there is a female version of Hiraga Gennai. She is part of the main quest line story. As a special partner character, players can also control her using the 'Vanguard Swap' feature.
*In the web series ''[[Critical Role]]'', in the ''[[Call of Cthulhu RPG]]'' one-shot, Gennai is a member of a secret society that wishes to cast light in every corner of the world, in order to starve The Village of the Hungry Night. Dr. Ida Codswell uses Gennai's elekiter to momentarily turn on the lights of [[The Crystal Palace]] to keep off The Village of the Hungry Night.
*In the season 3, episode 9 of ''[[Star Trek: Discovery]]'' Terra Firma 1, a starship named USS Hiraga Gennai is mentioned as answering a distress call.

==References==
((Reflist))

==Further reading==
* ((cite journal|author=Bogdan, David R.|author2=Yasunori Fukuda<!--Fukuda is the family name-->|url=http://www.ed.ehime-u.ac.jp/~kiyou/2018/pdf/10.pdf|title=Hiraga Gennai, Rangaku, and Foreign Language -Approaches to Foreign Language Learning during Japan's Isolation Period|publisher=[[Ehime University]]|work=Bulletin of the Faculty of Education<!--Japanese name: 愛媛大学教育学部紀要 - English name from https://ci.nii.ac.jp/ncid/AA11987685 -->|date=2018-06-29|volume=65|pages=85–96))

== External links ==
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((Authority control))

((DEFAULTSORT:Hiraga, Gennai))
[[Category:1729 births]]
[[Category:1779 deaths]]
[[Category:18th-century essayists]]
[[Category:18th-century Japanese physicians]]
[[Category:18th-century Japanese LGBT people]]
[[Category:Gay scientists]]
[[Category:Japanese LGBT scientists]]
[[Category:Japanese gay writers]]
[[Category:Japanese essayists]]
[[Category:Japanese inventors]]
[[Category:Japanese people convicted of murder]]
[[Category:Japanese people who died in prison custody]]
[[Category:Japanese scientists]]
[[Category:Japanese writers of the Edo period]]
[[Category:People convicted of murder by Japan]]
[[Category:Prisoners who died in Japanese detention]]
[[Category:History of art in Japan]]
[[Category:Deaths from tetanus]]

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Template:Plainlist/styles.css (view source) (protected)
Template:Pluralize from text (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:R (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:R/ref (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:R/superscript (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:R/where (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Reflist (view source) (protected)
Template:Reflist/styles.css (view source) (protected)
Template:Rp (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:SDcat (view source) (protected)
Template:Short description (view source) (protected)
Template:Short description/lowercasecheck (view source) (protected)
Template:Sister-inline (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Unbulleted list (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Wikidata image (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Arguments (view source) (protected)
Module:Authority control (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Authority control/auxiliary (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Authority control/config (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Category handler (view source) (protected)
Module:Category handler/blacklist (view source) (protected)
Module:Category handler/config (view source) (protected)
Module:Category handler/data (view source) (protected)
Module:Category handler/shared (view source) (protected)
Module:Check for clobbered parameters (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Check for unknown parameters (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1 (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/COinS (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Date validation (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Identifiers (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Utilities (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Whitelist (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css (view source) (protected)
Module:Commons link (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Coordinates (view source) (protected)
Module:Coordinates/styles.css (view source) (protected)
Module:DecodeEncode (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Delink (view source) (protected)
Module:Detect singular (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Disambiguation/templates (view source) (protected)
Module:EditAtWikidata (view source) (protected)
Module:Exponential search (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Find sources (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Find sources/config (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Find sources/links (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Find sources/templates/Find sources mainspace (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:GetParameters (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Hatnote (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Hatnote/styles.css (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:If empty (view source) (protected)
Module:Infobox (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Infobox/styles.css (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:InfoboxImage (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Lang (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Lang/ISO 639 synonyms (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Lang/data (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Language/data/iana languages (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Language/data/iana regions (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Language/data/iana scripts (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Language/data/iana suppressed scripts (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Language/data/iana variants (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:List (view source) (protected)
Module:Math (view source) (protected)
Module:Message box (view source) (protected)
Module:Message box/ambox.css (view source) (protected)
Module:Message box/configuration (view source) (protected)
Module:Namespace detect/config (view source) (protected)
Module:Namespace detect/data (view source) (protected)
Module:Navbar (view source) (protected)
Module:Navbar/configuration (view source) (protected)
Module:Navbox (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Navbox/configuration (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Navbox/styles.css (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Nihongo (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Pagetype (view source) (protected)
Module:Pagetype/config (view source) (protected)
Module:Pagetype/disambiguation (view source) (protected)
Module:Pagetype/setindex (view source) (protected)
Module:Pagetype/softredirect (view source) (protected)
Module:ParameterCount (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Plain text (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:SDcat (view source) (protected)
Module:Separated entries (view source) (protected)
Module:String (view source) (protected)
Module:String2 (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:TableTools (view source) (protected)
Module:Template wrapper (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Text (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Unicode data (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Unicode data/scripts (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Unsubst (view source) (protected)
Module:Wikitext Parsing (view source) (protected)
Module:Yesno (view source) (protected)

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