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((Short description|none))
((Multiple issues|
((more citations needed|date=April 2012))
((More footnotes needed|date=October 2021))
))
((Use dmy dates|date=September 2023))
((Use Indian English|date=June 2013))

((History of South Asia))

[[Haryana]] is a state in India. The state houses several sites from the [[Indus Valley civilisation|Indus Valley Civilization]], which was a [[cradle of civilization]]. In [[Mahabharata|the Mahabharata]], Haryana is mentioned as Bahudanayak Region.((citation needed|date=May 2022))

Haryana has been ruled by various native and non-native polities including the [[Maurya Empire]], [[Gupta Empire]], [[Pushyabhuti dynasty]], [[Gurjara-Pratihara Dynasty]], [[Tomara Dynasty]], [[Chahamanas of Shakambhari]], [[Ghurid dynasty]], [[Delhi Sultanate]], [[Mughal Empire]],[[Sikh Confederacy|Sikh Confedracy]],[[Durrani Empire]], [[Maratha Empire]],[[Sikh Empire]], [[George Thomas (soldier)|(George Thomas)]], [[Gwalior State]], [[Company Rule in India]] and [[British Raj]].

[[Sikhs]] during [[Sikh Empire|Khalsa Empire]] ruled some parts of the Haryana region which earlier came under [[Punjab]] division. Some [[Sikhs|Sikh]] states in Haryana were [[Jind]], [[Kaithal]], [[Hisar (city)|Hisar]], [[Ladwa]], [[Kalsia]] and others. Mostly Sikh rulers belong to [[Jat Sikh|Jatt]] community of Punjab.<ref>((Cite book |last=Bates |first=Crispin |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-xZBDwAAQBAJ&q=Jind+Jat |title=Mutiny at the Margins: New Perspectives on the Indian Uprising of 1857: Volume I: Anticipations and Experiences in the Locality |date=26 March 2013 |publisher=SAGE Publishing India |isbn=978-81-321-1589-2 |language=en))</ref><ref>((Cite book |last=Hasan |first=Mushirul |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yLDXAAAAMAAJ |title=Islam in South Asia: Encountering the West : before and after 1857 |date=2008 |publisher=Manohar Publishers & Distributors |isbn=978-81-7304-743-5 |language=en))</ref><ref>((Cite book |last=www.DiscoverSikhism.com |url=http://archive.org/details/HistoryOfTheSikhsVol.IvTheSikhCommonwealthOrRiseAndFallOfSikh |title=History Of The Sikhs Vol. IV The Sikh Commonwealth Or Rise And Fall Of Sikh Misls |language=English))</ref>

During [[Delhi Sultanate]] and [[Mughal Empire]], Haryana was known as Delhi Subah. Many historically significant battles have been fought in it such as [[First Battle of Tarain|Battle of Tarain]], [[Second Battle of Panipat|Battle of Panipat]], and [[Battle of Karnal]]. The [[Khanzadas of Mewat]] ruled the [[Mewat|Mewat region]] until 1527.

After the [[Mughal Empire|Mughals]], Haryana became a [[Maratha Empire]] possession. After the [[treaty of Surji-Anjangaon]] of 1803, Haryana was annexed by the British Empire and later merged with [[North West Provinces]]. After the [[revolt of 1857]], in April 1858 Haryana, then known as [[Delhi Territory]], was merged with [[Punjab Province (British India)|Punjab Province]] .((Citation needed|date=October 2021))

During the [[British Raj|British Colonial period]], from 1858 to 1947 it was administered as a part of the [[Punjab Province (British India)|Punjab province]]. It became a separate administrative state of India in 1966. [[Chandigarh]] is the joint capital for the states of Punjab and Haryana.

==Chronological history==
<!--Please create a new article [[Timeline of Haryana history]] by copying the content from [[Outline_of_Haryana#History_of_Haryana]] -->
((see also | Timeline of Indian history | History of India | Archaeological culture | Chronological dating | l4= Archaeological cultural dating | Phase (archaeology) |  l5= Phases in archaeology ))

=== Paleolithic ===
((see also | Cave paintings in India | South Asian Stone Age | Paleolithic ))

History of human presence in Haryana dates back to 100,000 years ago. [[Archaeology|Archaeologists]] discovered cave paintings and tools in [[Mangar Bani]] hill forest in May 2021; the cave paintings are estimated to be 100,000 years old. These are believed to be the largest in the [[Indian subcontinent]] and possibly the world's oldest.<ref name=":1">((Cite web|date=14 July 2021|title=Palaeolithic cave paintings found in corner of NCR could be among oldest|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/palaeolithic-cave-paintings-found-in-corner-of-ncr-could-be-among-oldest-in-the-country-101626201354624.html|access-date=18 July 2021|website=Hindustan Times|language=en))</ref><ref>((Cite web|date=17 July 2021|title=Prehistoric Cave Paintings from One Lakh Years Ago Discovered in Faridabad|url=https://www.news18.com/news/buzz/prehistoric-cave-paintings-from-one-lakh-years-ago-discovered-in-faridabad-3973361.html|access-date=19 July 2021|website=News18))</ref> Group of 43 sites was found in this area including Ankhir, [[Anangpur]], Anangpur Dam, Shilakhari, [[Mangar Bani]], Dhauj, Kot, Roj ka Gujjar, Nurpur, Dhumaspur, [[Surajkund]], etc.<ref name=mangr2>[https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/gurgaon/rush-for-protected-tag-to-faridabad-site-where-stone-age-cave-art-found/articleshow/84875868.cms Rush for protected tag to Faridabad site where stone age cave art found], Times of India, 31 July 2021.</ref>

Paleolithic and [[South Asian Stone Age#Neolithice|Neolithic Stone Age]] (7000 BCE - 5500 BCE) find were excavated from the [[Ghaggar-Hakra River|banks of the stream]] (paleochannel of [[Saraswati river]]) flowing through HMT complex,<ref>Manmohan Kumar : Archaeology of Ambala and Kurukshetra Districts, Haryana, 1978, Mss, pp.240-241.</ref><ref name=harsamvad1>[http://haryanasamvad.gov.in/store/document/Haryana%20Samvad%20October%202018.pdf Haryana Samvad] ((Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181129225259/http://haryanasamvad.gov.in/store/document/Haryana%20Samvad%20October%202018.pdf |date=29 November 2018 )), Oct 2018, p38-40.</ref> by the [[Guy Ellcock Pilgrim]] who was a British geologist and [[palaeontology|palaeontologist]], who discovered 150,000 year old [[Archaic humans|prehistoric human]] teeth and part of a jaw denoting that the [[Peopling of India#Early hominins of Acheulean period|ancient people]], who were intelligent [[Hominini|hominins]] dating as far back as 150,000 [[Before Present|ybp]] [[Acheulean]] period,<ref name="sciencemag.org">((Cite journal|title=Early Pleistocene Presence of Acheulian Hominins in South India|first1=Shanti|last1=Pappu|first2=Yanni|last2=Gunnell|first3=Kumar|last3=Akhilesh|first4=Régis|last4=Braucher|first5=Maurice|last5=Taieb|first6=François|last6=Demory|first7=Nicolas|last7=Thouveny|date=25 March 2011|journal=Science|volume=331|issue=6024|pages=1596–1599|doi=10.1126/science.1200183|pmid=21436450|s2cid=206531024))</ref> lived in Pinjore region near [[Chandigarh]].<ref>Pilgrim, Guy, E. 'New Shivalik Primates and their Bearing on the Question, of the Evolution of Man and the Anthropoides, Records of the Geological Survey of India, 1915, Vol.XIV, pp. 2-61.</ref> [[Quartzite]] tools of [[lower Paleolithic]] period were excavated in this region extending from Pinjore in Haryana to [[Nalagarh]] ([[Solan district]] in Himachal Pradesh.<ref name=hargazc1>[http://revenueharyana.gov.in/Portals/0/hr-gaz-ch-5.pdf Haryana Gazateer], Revennue Dept of Haryana, Capter-V.</ref>

=== Neolithic ===
((see also |  Pottery in the Indian subcontinent#History | l1= Pottery of Archaeological culture | Pottery#Archaeology | l2= Archaeological analysis of pottery | Pottery#Fabric | l3= Fabric analysis of pottery ))

[[Neolithic]] are numerous in Haryana, specially the pre-[[Indus Valley civilisation|IVC]] phases found at [[Bhirrana]], [[Siswal]], [[Rakhigarhi]], [[Kunal, Haryana|Kunal]],<ref name=dis1>[https://www.dailypioneer.com/2018/state-editions/the-harappan-civilisation-its-sub-cultures.html The Harappan Civilisation: Its Sub-cultures], Daily Pioneer, 10 May 2018.</ref> etc.

=== Indus Valley Civilisation ===
((anchor | Indus Valley Civilisation | Indus Valley Civilisation|IVC ))
((see also | Saraswati | Periodisation of the Indus Valley Civilisation | List of inventions and discoveries of the Indus Valley Civilisation | Sanitation of the Indus Valley Civilization | Harappan architecture | l5= IVC architecture | Harappan language | l6= IVC language | Indus script | l7= Indus script | Indus–Mesopotamia relations  ))

[[Indus Valley civilisation]] evolved on the banks of [[Rigvedic rivers]] [[Indus river|Indus]] and [[Sarasvati River|Sarasvati]] rivers. Sarasvati and its tributary [[Drishadvati river]] ([[Ghaggar-Hakra River|Ghaggar]]) flow through north and central Haryana and there are [[List of Indus Valley Civilisation sites|numerous IVC sites]] in haryana along [[paleochannel]]s of these rivers, notable among those are the [[Rakhi Garhi]], [[Banawali]], [[Bhirrana]], [[Farmana]], [[Jognakhera]], [[Mitathal]], [[Siswal]], and [[Tosham Hill range#Tosham Hill range Indus Valley Civilization mines & smelters|IVC mines and smelter at Tosham]]. Haryana govt is undertaking projects to [[Adi Badri, Haryana#Sarasvati river revival|revive Saraswati]] and [[Rakhigarhi Indus Valley Civilisation Museum]] has been constructed for the conservation of the artifacts.

===Vedic period===
((see also | Sapta Sindhu | Mahabharta | Bhagavad Gita | Krishna ))

During the Vedic era, there were [[janapada]] in Haryana from 1500 BCE 6th century BCE, which evolved into [[mahajanapadas]] which lasted from 6th century BCE to 4th century BCE. During Janpada period [[Kuru Kingdom|Kuru]] janpada covered most of Haryana and their area was called Kurukshetra, except [[South Haryana]] where [[Matsya Kingdom|Matsaya janpada]] (700–300 BCE) covered [[Mewat]] in Haryana (and [[Alwar]] in Rajasthan) and [[Surasena]] janpada covered [[Braj]] region including parts of Haryana near [[Barsana]] (such as [[Punhana]] and [[Hodal]]). After [[mahabharta]] and subsequent [[ashvamedha]] [[yagna]], Kuru janpada evolved into a mahajanapada which sovereignty over other janpadas. The sandy [[bagar tract]] in northwestern and westcentral Haryana on Haryana-Rajasthan border was part of the larger [[jangladesh]] which also covered [[thar Desert|thar]] area of Rajasthan. Lord [[Krishna]] revealed [[Bhagavad Gita]] to [[Arjuna]] at [[Jyotisar]]. [[Śrauta]] were codified in Haryana during Kuru mahajanpada era, and notable sites in Haryana related to [[rishi]] authors are [[Bilaspur, Haryana|Bilaspur]] (Vyas Puri) and [[Kapal Mochan]] both related to Rishi [[Vyasa|Ved Vyasa]] who wrote mahabharta on the banks of Saraswati at hish [[ashram]] at Bilaspur, [[Dhosi Hill]] was ashram of Rishi [[Chyavana]], who is mentioned in mahabharta, and he is well known for creating [[chyavanprash]] and detailed formula for which first appeared in the [[ayurveda|ayurvedic]] text [[Charaka Samhita]].

In some ancient Hindu texts, the boundaries of [[Kurukshetra]] (the area under Kuru janpada, not just the modern day Kurukshetra city)<ref>((Cite web|url=https://www.digitalgyanganga.com/haryana-gk-2020/|title=Haryana Gk 2020 : Ancient Haryana ((!)) प्राचीन हरियाणा ((!)) For all HSSC Exams|last=admin|date=22 January 2020|website=Digital Gyan Ganga|language=en|access-date=23 January 2020))</ref> correspond roughly to the state of Haryana. Thus according to the [[Taittiriya Aranyaka]] 5.1.1., the Kurukshetra region is south of Turghna ([[Sugh Ancient Mound|Srughna/Sugh]]), north of [[Khandava Forest|Khandavprastha forest]] ([[Delhi]] and [[Mewat]] region), east of [[Maru Pradesh]] (marusthal or desert) and west of Parin.<ref>[http://www.omilosmeleton.gr/english/documents/VedicEvidenceforAMT.pdf Agarwal, Vishal: Is There Vedic Evidence for the Indo-Aryan Immigration to India?]  ((webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080528001253/http://www.omilosmeleton.gr/english/documents/VedicEvidenceforAMT.pdf |date=28 May 2008 ))</ref> Some of these historic places are included in the [[48 Kos Parikrama of Kurukshetra]].

<gallery>

Early_Vedic_Culture_(1700-1100_BCE).png|Early Vedic Culture (1700-1100 BCE), era of janpadas.
Late_Vedic_Culture_(1100-500_BCE).png|Late Vedic Culture (1100-500 BCE), janpadas evolved into mahajanpadas.
EpicIndia.jpg|Locations of kingdoms and republics in [[Bharata Khanda]] (India) mentioned in epics like mahabharta.
</gallery>

===Pre-Islamic Hindu-Buddhist period===
[[File:Maharaja Hemu Bhargava - Victor of Twenty Two Pitched Battles, 1910s.jpg|thumb|c. 1910s portrayal of Hemu Vikramaditya]]
After ousting the [[Huns]], king [[Harshavardhana]] established his capital at [[Thanesar]] near Kurukshetra in the 7th century CE. After his death, the kingdom of his clansmen, the [[Gurjara-Pratihara dynasty|Pratihara]]s ruled over a vast region for quite a while from [[Harsha]]'s adopted capital [[Kannauj]]. The region remained strategically important for the rulers of [[North India]] even though [[Thanesar]] was no more as central as [[Kannauj]]. [[Prithviraj Chauhan]] established forts at [[Taraori]] and [[Hansi]] in the 12th century.[[File:Raja_Hasan_Khan_Mewati.jpg|thumb|279x279px|[[Hasan Khan Mewati|Raja Hasan Khan Mewati]], the Khanzada Rajput ruler of [[Mewat]] until 1527.]]
===Sultanate period===
[[Muhammad Ghori]] conquered Haryana after the [[Second Battle of Tarain]]. Following his death, the [[Delhi Sultanate]] was established that ruled much of India for several centuries. The earliest reference to 'Hariana' occurs in a [[Sanskrit]] inscription dated 1328 AD kept in [[Delhi]] Museum, which refers to this region as ''The heaven on earth'', indicating that it was fertile and relatively peaceful at that time. [[Firuz Shah Tughlaq]] established a fort at Hisar in 1354 to further fortify the region, and also constructed canals or ''rajwahas'' as they were referred to in the Indo-Persian historical texts.

The [[Khanzadas of Mewat]] were a ruling dynasty of [[Muslim Rajputs]], who traced their lineage to Raja Sonpar Pal, a Yaduvanshi Rajput who converted to Islam during the Delhi Sultanate. The Khanzadas were granted the Lordship of [[Mewat]] by [[Firuz Shah Tughlaq]] in 1372. [[Nahar Khan|Raja Nahar Khan]], formerly known as Raja Sonpar Pal, proclaimed the title of Wali-e-Mewat, solidifying a hereditary polity that endured until 1527.<ref>((Citation |last=Chandra |first=Satish |title=Mughal India |date=1982-04-01 |work=The Cambridge Economic History of India |pages=458–471 |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/chol9780521226929.027 |access-date=2023-11-07 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-1-139-05451-5))</ref> 

=== Mughal Empire ===
[[File:The_defeat_of_Hemu,_Akbarnama.jpg|thumb|The defeat of [[Hemu]] at the [[Second Battle of Panipat]], c. 1556, [[Akbarnama]].]]
The three famous battles of Panipat took place near the modern town of [[Panipat]]. The [[First Battle of Panipat|first battle]] took place in 1526, where [[Babur]], the ruler of [[Kabul]] defeated [[Ibrahim Lodi]] of the [[Delhi Sultanate]], through the use of [[field artillery]]. This battle marked the beginning of the [[Mughal Empire]] in India. [[Hasan Khan Mewati]] was the son of [[Khanzada Alawal Khan|Raja Alawal Khan]], his dynasty ruled [[Mewat]] for nearly two centuries. Descended from Raja Nahar Khan, the Wali of Mewat in the 14th century, Hasan Khan Mewati assumed the role of a sovereign king. Babur acknowledged him as the leader of the 'Mewat country'. 

In the [[First Battle of Panipat]], Hasan Khan Mewati supported [[Ibrahim Lodi]] against Babur in 1526, marked a pivotal moment in the conflict between the Mughal Empire and the Delhi Sultanate. Hasan Khan Mewati later aligned himself with [[Rana Sanga]] in continued opposition against the Mughal Empire in the [[Battle of Khanwa]], where he was killed by the forces led by Babur. <ref>((Cite web |date=2018-12-18 |title=अलवर का वीर देशभक्त सपूत, जिससे बाबर भी घबराता था, बाबर के खिलाफ जमकर किया था युद्ध ((!)) Hasan Khan Mewati Alwar Story In Hindi |url=https://www.patrika.com/alwar-news/hasan-khan-mewati-alwar-story-in-hindi-3854583/ |access-date=2023-11-07 |website=Patrika News |language=hi-IN))</ref>

In the [[Second Battle of Panipat]] (5 November 1556), [[Akbar]]'s general [[Bairam Khan]] defeated [[Hemu]], the local Haryanvi who grew up in [[Rewari]]. Hemu, who belonged to Rewari in Haryana, rose from a businessman to become adviser to Afghan kings and then Prime Minister-cum-Chief of Army. He fought and won 22 battles in between 1553 and 1556, from Punjab to Bengal against Afghans and Mughals and won all of them without losing any. Hemu defeated Akbar's army at Tughlaqabad in [[Battle of Delhi (1556)|Battle of Delhi-1556]] and became king at Delhi on 7 October 1556 declaring himself as Vikramaditya following the reigns of earlier Vedic kings.<ref name="MHI2">Kar, L. Colonel H. C. "Military History of India", Calcutta (1980), p.283</ref> Hemu died in the [[Second Battle of Panipat]].

===Maratha period (1756–1801)===
The [[Third Battle of Panipat]] was fought in 1761 between the Afghan Emperor [[Ahmad Shah Abdali]] and the [[Maratha Empire]] under [[Sadashivrao Bhau]] of Pune. Ahmad Shah won decisively, on 13 January 1761.

===Colonial period===
((see also | Ballabhgarh#History | Farrukhnagar#Under_British_Raj | label 1 = Ballabhgarh history | label 2 = Farrukhnagar history | 1907 Punjab unrest))

====1857 war of independence====

The [[Indian Rebellion of 1857]] war started first at [[Ambala Cantonment]], 8 hours before revolt started in [[Meerut]], when the soldiers of [[5th Indian Infantry Brigade]] and [[60th Indian Infantry Brigade]] revolted but it was crushed.<ref name=sarasnew1>[http://haryanasamvad.gov.in/store/document/11%2012%201%20HARYANA%20SAMVAD%20NOV-%20JAN%202017-2018%20FOR%20for%20web.pdf Haryana Samvad] ((Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180827125256/http://haryanasamvad.gov.in/store/document/11%2012%201%20HARYANA%20SAMVAD%20NOV-%20JAN%202017-2018%20FOR%20for%20web.pdf |date=27 August 2018 )), Jan 2018.</ref> [[Bengal Native Infantry#Pre-1857 list of Bengal Native Infantry Regiments|5th and 60th Regiments of Benga Native Infantry]] rebelled at [[Ambala#1857 rebellion|Umballa]] (Ambala). During the [[Narnaul#Battle of Narnaul|Battle of Narnaul]] at Nasibpur on 16 November 1857, [[British Raj|British]] lost 70 British soldiers and their commanders colonel Gerrard and Captain Wallace. 40 British soldiers and officers Captain Craige, Captain Kennedy and Captain Pearse were wounded.<ref name=reb1>Dr Malti Malik, [https://books.google.com/books?id=bMg-DAAAQBAJ&dq=nahar+singh+ballabhgarh&pg=PA356 History of India], Page 356.</ref> The major centers of rebellion were at Hisar, Hansi, Sirsa, Rohtak, Jhajjar, Bahadurgarh, Farrukhnagar, Ballabhgarh, Rewari, Ambala, [[Panipat]] and [[Thanesar#British era|Thanesar]].<ref name=reb1/> Under the "Delhi Agency" there were seven [[Princely state]]s, [[Jhajjar#History|Jhajjar]], [[Farrukhnagar#British Raj|Farrukhnagar]], [[Ballabhgarh#History|Ballabhgarh]], [[Loharu State|Loharu]], [[Pataudi State|Pataudi]] and [[Dujana#History|Dujana]]. The Chiefs of the last two estates remained loyal to the British and others rebelled.<ref name=balidan16>Madan Gopal, 1977, [https://books.google.com/books?id=mrwBAAAAMAAJ Sir Chhotu Ram: a political biography], Page 9.</ref> The Rajput rulers of Rajasthan also kept out of the mutiny.<ref name=balidan21>M.K. Singh, 2009, [https://books.google.com/books?isbn=8126137452 Encyclopaedia Of Indian War Of Independence (1857–1947) (Set Of 19 Vols.)]</ref>

[[Nahar Singh|Raja Nahar Singh]] was the ruler of Ballabhgarh, [[Rao Tula Ram]] ruler of [[Rewari#British colonial era|Rewari]] and his cousin Gopal Dev, Nawab Abdur Rahman Khan Jhajjar, Nawab Ahmad Ali of Farrukhnagar, Sadruddin was the leader of [[Mewat]], Harsukh Rai and Mirza Gauhar Ali of Palwal and [[Imam]] of [[Bu Ali Shah Qalandar]] mosque in Panipat played key role.<ref name=reb1/>

After the failure of revolt by Indians, Haryana was taken out of [[North-Western Provinces]] and merged with Punjab as a punishment.<ref name=sarasnew1/>

This rebellion was partly caused by the unjust tax system implemented through the use of [[Inland Customs Line|The Great Hedge of India]], a historic inland customs border which ran through several states including Haryana.

====Independence and riots====
[[Lala Lajpat Rai]] worked towards the social reform, spread of [[Arya Samaj]], creation of mass support for the [[Indian independence movement]] and he died protesting against the [[Simon Commission#Protests and death of Lala Lajpat Rai|Simon Commission]]. Lala Murlidhar of Ambala and journalist Balmukund Gupt of Rewari were the members of the [[Indian National Congress#Foundation|founding session of congress]] who promoted [[Swadeshi movement]]. [[Chhotu Ram]], Pandit Nekiram Sharma, Lala Ugrasen and Ramswaroop Jaglan of [[Bidhwan]] were also key independence activists.<ref name=sarasnew1/>

In 1907, two years after the [[Partition of Bengal (1905)|1905 Partition of Bengal]], [[British Indian Army]] soldiers in the [[6th Jat Light Infantry]] and [[10th Jats]] mutinied and sided with Bengali revolutionaries to takeover a government treasury. Their revolt was suppressed by the colonial government and several mutineers were sentenced to prison.<ref name=sarasnew1/> In 1914, Kasi Ram Joshi a member of the [[Ghadar Party]] hailing from Haryana, returned to India from America. On 15 March 1915 he was hanged by the colonial rulers. [[Subhas Chandra Bose]]'s [[Azad Hind|Azad Hind Fauj]] had 2847 soldiers from Haryana, of whom 346 attained martyrdom.<ref name=sarasnew1/>

During the partition of India in 1947, state experienced riots at many places, which also scores of death and migration of millions of people from Haryana to Pakistan and vice versa.

===Formation of Haryana===
((anchor | Hindi language movement of Punjab | Formation of Haryana))

==== Hindi language movement ====
[[File:Punjabispeakers.png|thumb|right|A map of the distribution of native Punjabi speakers in India and Pakistan]]
[[Punjabi Suba movement]] started in Punjab started in 1947 and lasted till 1966. During this time a Hindi language movement also started in Punjab for a short period
that started on 30 April 1957 and lasted till 27 December 1957 in Hindi-speaking areas of Punjab. Movement started after government of post-independence Punjab tried to promote Punjabi as state language but many groups in modern Haryana considered Punjabi as a threat. After this movement was successful in getting the ball rolling for a Hindi-speaking state. Another movement for leftover Punjabi-speaking parts started, this [[Punjabi Suba movement#Background|Punjabi suba & Punjabi language movement]] demanded under which [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]] and [[gurmukhi]] to be made official in after division.<ref name=hindimove1>[http://haryanasamvad.gov.in/store/document/Haryana%20Samvad%20September%20%202018.pdf Har Samvand], Sept 2018, p12.</ref> After reorganisation, Haryana government banned Punjabi in the state.

In 2018, the Government of Haryana started to award ₹10,000 per month pension to the ''Matribhasa Satyagrahis'' (Hindi language activists).<ref>[http://www.uniindia.com/haryana-to-include-matribhasha-satyagrahis-in-ayushman-bharat-pradhan-mantri-jan-arogya-yojana/north/news/1449651.html Haryana to include Matribhasa Satyagrahis in Ayushman bharat scheme], UNI, 27 December 2018.</ref>

==== Re-organisation of the Punjab state ====
On 1 November 1966, Haryana was carved out of the [[East Punjab]] on linguistic grounds, with majorly consisting of the "Hindi Speaking areas". Same example was later followed in creation of [[Himachal Pradesh]] as well.

In order to analyse and find a cooperative as well as universally acceptable solution, for the long going vexed linguistic problem, being faced by Punjab, the parliament announced the formation of the [https://indianculture.gov.in/flipbook/2535 Parliamentary Committee on Demand for Punjabi Suba (1966)] chairmanned by [[Sardar Hukam Singh]], on 23 September 1965. According to the 90 paged report, the committee initially came to an understanding that a 'co-operative solution' was not possible. Moreover, it stated that unanimity is also not possible or necessary on any matters in a democratic set-up. So, after perusing the large number of memoranda/representations received by the committee and hearing the various view-points expressed by the different witnesses representing the various shades of opinion, the committee suggested the re-organisation of the State of Punjab on linguistic basis. It also stated that the then Chief Minister of the Punjab State admitted that the situation needed a change and status quo in its entirety was not possible." Although a section of the people from the Punjab canvassed before the committee that the status quo might be maintained in the Punjab. Even a third argument advanced in favour of the status quo was that, any reorganisation of the State would not be in the interests of the security of the country and would weaken the defence of India, which was later struck off due to lack of authentic data or justifiable reasons.<ref>[https://indianculture.gov.in/report-parliamentary-committee-demand-punjabi-suba-1966 Report by Parliamentary Committee on Demand for Punjabi Suba 1966]</ref>

On 23 April 1966, while acting on the report submitted by the parliamentary committee, the Indian government set up the [https://indianculture.gov.in/flipbook/2418 Punjab Boundary Commission] under the chairmanship of Justice J. C. Shah, to divide and set up the boundaries of Punjab and Haryana. The commission gave its report on 31 May 1966. According to this report the then districts of [[Hissar District|Hissar]], [[Mahendragarh]], [[Gurgaon]], [[Rohtak]], and [[Karnal]] were to be a part of the new state of Haryana. Further the Tehsils of [[Jind]] (district Sangrur), [[Narwana]] (district Sangrur) [[Naraingarh]], [[Ambala]] and Jagadhari of district Ambala were also included. The commission recommended that Tehsil Kharar (including Chandigarh) should also be a part of Haryana.<ref>[https://indianculture.gov.in/report-punjab-boundary-commission Punjab Boundary Commission Report - 1966]</ref>

==Theme history of Haryana==
<!-- These will be forked out into separate articles, once they grow large enough. You are welcome to split these into new article anytime and [[Wikipedia:Piped link]] here and to main Haryana article -->
<!-- Retain the redlinks to encourage creation. -->

===Administration===
====Municipalities====
<!-- Please contribute, first self managed system IVC and [[mahajanapadas], ancient pancha and panchayat system, first local governance committees in Haryana under [[British Raj]], first incorporated Municipal committee in Haryana under [[British Raj]], first incorporated Municipal Council in Haryana, first incorporated Municipal Corporation in Haryana, etc --->
((see also | List of municipal corporations in India | label 1 = Municipal Corporations in Haryana))

====Republican democracy====
(( main | Mahajanapadas | Yaudheya ))

===Agriculture===
===Agrimarketing===

''''India International Horticulture Market (IIHM)''', asia's largest on 537 acre with 1200 shops & 17 massive specialized marketing sheds, is set up in [[Ganaur]] on [[National Highway 44 (India)|NH44]] in [[Sonipat district]] of Haryana with ₹2700 crore initial assessment in construction. It entails mechanism for cleaning, branding, sorting, packing & processing units, storing, and e-auction of the goods. There will be warehouses, cold storages, hostel, residential colony for the officials, large parking and automobile workshop, 4 electricity stations, and a sewage statement plant, etc. Shops will have marketing downstairs and office upstairs. 3 out of 17 sheds will be air conditioned and there will be specialized sheds for marketing specific commodities such as fish, dairy, flowers, tomato, potato, apple, etc. Its primary cachement area covers 14 states in the region. The construction had already started with target completion date of 2 years by 31 March 2025 (June 2023 update).<ref name=agrimt1>[https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chandigarh/asias-biggest-veggie-market-in-final-phase/articleshow/68017036.cms Asia’s biggest veggie market in final phase], Times of India, 16 February 2019.</ref><ref name=agrimt2>[https://www.amarujala.com/haryana/sonipat/biggest-market-of-asia-international-fruit-flower-and-horticulture-market-built-on-537-acres-in-sonipat-2023-06-12 एशिया की सबसे बड़ी मंडी: सोनीपत में 537 एकड़ में बन रही अंतरराष्ट्रीय फल, फूल व बागवानी मार्केट], Amar Ujala, 12 June 2023.</ref>

====Farming====
<!-- from IVC and before, sourced data, what did they grow and eat, etc. current output, main crops, recent developments, pipelink to appropriate articles in Indian cuisine and update history of those articles with sourced Haryana IVC data --> 
[[Rakhigarhi#Granary|Rakhigarhi granary]]

====Irrigation====
<!-- From IVC and before, use sourced data, what kind of irrigation they had e.g. flood control and irrigation dam as well as irrigation channels on [[Drishadvati river]] at [[Rakhigarhi]], how did it work, upload drawings, scale and technology, etc, [[Western Yamuna canal]] from Feroz Shah and earlier times, modern irrigation starting with modern damns from Bhakra naggal and Rajasthan canal, first dam within boundaries of Haryana from rakhi garhi to Surajkund to modern British Raj dams in shivalik hills and Aravali hills and [[Nuh_(city)#Nuh_System_of_Lakes]] bund built by British Raj, etc, [[Johad]] wetlands and [[Haryana State Waterbody Management Board]], etc -->

Haryana has network of canals across of state divided into 8 canal command areas. Haryana has 47% share (reduced from 70% after an agreement with Delhi in 1994) in [[Yamuna]] river water and ?% share in [[Sutlej]] river water too for which disputed [[Sutlej Yamuna link canal]] is still partially completed for several decades.<ref name="harsh1">((Cite news |date=12 January 2019 |title=Haryana to benefit from Renukaji Dam |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chandigarh/haryana-to-benefit-from-renukaji-dam/articleshow/67495820.cms |access-date=30 July 2023 |issn=0971-8257))</ref>

Indus treaty covers a total of ((convert|168|e6acre-ft|km3)) of water, of which India can utilize 33 million acre-feet (20% of total) from the three rivers assigned to India. In 2019, India utilizes only 93–94% (30 million acre-feet) of its share, and 6–7% (((convert|2|e6acre-ft|km3|disp=comma)) of India's unitised share flows to Pakistan, resulting in a total of 87% water flowing to Pakistan. India is building three dams to utilize 100% of its 33 million acre-feet share (20% of total water under treaty). India is undertaking 3 projects to ensure India utilizes its full share of [[Indus Waters Treaty]], 
(a) [[Shahpurkandi dam project]] on [[Ravi River]] in [[Pathankot district]] of Punjab (b) Sutlej-Beas link in Punjab (see also [[Pandoh Dam]]) and the [[Ujh River|Ujh Dam project]] on Ujh River (a [[tributary]] of Ravi river) in Jammu and Kashmir. 
<ref name="RenukaDam2">[https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/govt-giving-attention-to-stop-unutilised-water-from-entering-pak-nitin-gadkari/articleshow/67486420.cms], Economic Times, 11 January 2019.</ref>

''Renukaji dam'', is INR4,596.76 crore 148m high rockfill gravity dam project being built on the Giri river in [[Sirmour district]] with live storage of 0.404 MAF on 1,508 hectares to supply 23 cusec water and generate 40MW peak flow power. An agreement for its construction and sharing of cost and benefits (water and electricity) was signed by the Union Minister for Water and Chief Ministers of six states, namely Haryana (47.8% share of water), UP and Uttakhand (33.65% joint share) Rajasthan (9.3%), Delhi (6.04%) and Himachal Pradesh (3.15), on 11 January 2019. It has been declared a national project, resulting in 90% funding from the centre govt and the rest from the stakeholder states.<ref name="RenukaDam">[https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/nation/6-states-sign-agreement-for-renukaji-dam-multipurpose-project/712141.html Six states sign agreement for Renukaji Dam Multipurpose project], The Tribune, 11 January 2019.</ref> Giri River (cord: 30.44549 °N and 77.67358 ° Ö) in the state of Uttrakhand and Himachal is a tributary of [[Yamuna]], which in turn is a tributary of [[Ganges]].<ref name = "gn1271173">[((Geonameslink|gnid=1271173|name=giri%20river)) Giri River] sa [((Geonamesabout)) Geonames.org (cc-by)]; post updated 8 March 2015; database download sa 15 August 2016</ref>

(a) '''[[Lakhwar Dam]]''' on Yamuna in Uttrakhand, (b) '''Renukaji Dam''' on Giri river in Himchal and (c) '''[[Kishau Dam]]''' on [[Tons River]] in Uttrakhand. The agreements among the stakeholder states and centre govt has been signed for the Kishwar Dam (August 2018 and Renukaji Dam (January 2019) and the agreement for the remaining Kishau Dam is likely to be signed soon. The funding for the Kishwar Dam has already been approved for the centre govt's cabinet and the funding for the Renukaji Dam is expected to be approved soon.<ref name="RenukaDam" />

''Renukaji dam'', is INR4,596.76 crore 148m high rockfileld gravity dam project being built on the Giri river in [[Sirmour district]] with live storage of 0.404 MAF on 1,508 hectares to supply 23 cusec water and generate 40MW peak flow power. An agreement for its construction and sharing of cost and benefits (water and electricity) was signed by the Union Minister for Water and Chief Ministers of six states, namely Haryana (47.8% share of water), UP and Uttakhand (33.65% joint share) Rajasthan (9.3%), Delhi (6.04%) and Himachal Pradesh (3.15), on 11 January 2019. It has been declared a national project, resulting in 90% funding from the centre govt and the rest from the stakeholder states.<ref name="RenukaDam" /> Giri River (cord: 30.44549 °N and 77.67358 ° Ö) in the state of Uttrakhand and Himachal is a tributary of [[Yamuna]], which in turn is a tributary of the [[Ganges]].<ref name="gn1271173" />

Haryana has 1356 canal tailends of which 250 had not seen the water for up to 39 years. Between 2016 and 2018, govt rejuvenated all but 10 worst tailends. Specially the canals in Narnaul, Loharu and Rewari area were rehabilitated and water started to reach the tailend of canals after a gap of 39 years.<ref name=harkrishi1/>
* [[Johad]] wetlands and [[Haryana State Waterbody Management Board]]. In 2018, govt began rejuvenating 500 of these ponds in the initial phase, 390 injection well were built to pump rainwater into the ground to recharge the groundwater.<ref name=harkrishi1/>
* [[Saraswati]]
** [[Adi Badri, Haryana|Adi Badri]]
** [[Ghaggar-Hakra River]]
* [[Sutlej]]
** [[Bhakhra Dam]] 
*** [[Indira Gandhi Canal]]
** [[Sutlej Yamuna link canal]]
* [[Yamuna]], Haryana has 47.8% share in Yamuna water to be distributed for irrigation.<ref name=capa1>[http://www.uniindia.com/haryana-cabinet-approves-signing-of-mou-for-construction-of-two-multipurpose-projects/north/news/1444765.html Haryana cabinet approves signing of MoU for construction of two multipurpose-projects], UNI, 21 December 2018.</ref>
** [[Western Yamuna Canal]]
** [[Lakhwar Dam]]: Haryana share is 177 [[cusec]],<ref name=capa1/> construction on this national project started in 2018<ref name=harkrishi1>[http://haryanasamvad.gov.in/store/document/KRISHI%20SAMVAD%20October%202018.pdf Kirishi Samvad], Oct 2018.</ref>
** [[Kishau Dam]]: Haryana share is 709 cusec<ref name=capa1/> in this under construction national project.
** [[Renuka Lake|Renuka Dam]]: Haryana share is 266 cusec<ref name=capa1/> in this under construction national project.
** [[Tajewala Barrage]] (1873) <!-- was is it first British era barrage? Did princely states or British made barrages in Shivalik? was any dam or channel built during Mughal era to divert water to [[Pinjore Gardens]] find out with citations -->
** South haryana 
***[[Masani barrage]]
*** [[Sahibi River]] including [[Najafgarh drain]]
**** [[Krishnavati river]] (drain 8)
**** [[Dohan river]] 
*** [[Nuh (city)#Nuh System of Lakes|Nuh System of Lakes]] (also called Kotla lake) with [[The Bund|bund]] built by [[British Raj]].Haryana commenced an INR82 crore project in 2018 to restore these lakes.<ref name=harkrishi1/><!-- findout date of construction of bund with citation -->

===Commerce and trade===
====Industries====
<!-- From IVC and before such as metal smelters at Tosham and Rakhi Garhi, industrial scale manufacture of beads and seals, industrial scale storage of food grains (agroindustry), Vedic Era such as Chavanprash by maharishi Chavan at Dhosi Hill, to pre-islamic industries such as Swords Manufacturing at Hansi by Prithviraj, medieval and British, modern industries, etc --> 
* [[Tosham Hill range#Tosham Hill range Indus Valley Civilization mines & smelters|Metal smelter and manufacturing]] at [[Tosham Hill range|Tosham]] from [[Indus Valley civilisation]].
* [[Rakhigarhi#Discoveries|Rakhigarhi silver bronze smelters and manufacturing]]
* [[Great Hedge of India]] for tariffs during [[British Raj]]

====Mining====
<!-- From IVC mines at Tosham and Aravali (google scholar has academic articles on it), to mining during medieval and british era such as [[Saltpetre]] in [[South Haryana]] and modern mining in Shivalik (mainly yamuna nagar and Panchkula for crushing stones) and in Aravalli in Tosham, Dadam, Khanak, and South Haryana, etc -->
[[Tosham Hill range#Tosham Hill range Indus Valley Civilization mines & smelters|Mines]] at [[Tosham Hill range]] from [[Indus Valley civilisation]].

===Culture===
====Clothing====
=====Jewelry and ornaments=====
<!-- From IVC and before ornaments similar such as beads and pendant and bangles and ear rings for men and women such as [[Dancing_Girl_of_Mohenjo-daro.jpg]] and [[Mohenjo-daro_Priesterkönig.jpeg]], sourced data from google book and google scholar, what did they wear and how did they make, gender ornaments and age ornaments (children and older), materials and styles, modes of manufacture, etc. Impact of Islamic invasions on ornaments e.g. incorporation of turko-Persian ornaments, Western ornaments from british Raj, modern funk, etc --> 
[[File:Mohenjo-daro_Priesterkönig.jpeg|thumb|Attire and ornament of Priest-King from [[Indus Valley civilisation]].]]
[[Rakhigarhi#Discoveries|Rakhigarhi silver bronze ornaments]] finds and [[Dancing Girl (sculpture)|Dancing Girl]] ornaments.

=====Textiles=====
<!-- From IVC and before clothes similar to saari such as [[Dancing_Girl_of_Mohenjo-daro.jpg]] and [[Mohenjo-daro_Priesterkönig.jpeg]], sourced data from google book and google scholar, what did they wear and how did they make, gender clothing and age clothing (children and older), materials and styles, modes of manufacture, etc. Impact of islamic invasions on clothing from Khajuraho type liberla dressing to covered up arabic type dressing with veil for women, and Brist Era influence on dressing, etc --> 
[[File:Dancing_Girl_of_Mohenjo-daro.jpg|thumb|Dancing girl attire and ornaments from [[Indus Valley civilisation]].]]
[[Dancing Girl (sculpture)|Dancing Girl]] attire.

====Haryanvi language====
<!-- Include hoow Haryanvi language developed from sanskrit to pali and then to khari boli to its current form. Also include ho it further splintered into vaious regional dialects such as Deshwali / Jatu / Hariani / Bangru, Rori or Khadar, Bagri, Brij, Ahirawati, Mewati, Pahari (Shivalid foothills dialect of Haryanvi which is related to but distinct from Himachal pahari language), etc. Include dates of these development. Retain redlinks to encourage article creation. -->

((main | Haryanvi language | Ahirwati | Bagri language | Braj Bhasha | Deshwali language | Khadar language | Loarki language | Mewati language | Sirmauri language | label 8 = Pahari language ))

====Haryanvi Music====
((main | Music of Haryana | List of Indian folk dances#Haryana| l2=Folk dance of Haryana | Swang (dance drama) | l3= Swang))

====Haryanvi movies====
((main | Haryanvi cinema | List of Haryanvi-language films))

===Infrastructure===
====Architecture====
<!-- from IVC and before, sourced data, what did they build, architectural features, Vedic period architecture such as [[Black and red ware culture]] (1450BCE-1200BCE) and [[Painted Grey Ware culture]] (1200BCE to 600BCE) and mention main sites in Haryana, medieval pre-Islamic architecture of Haryana e.g. from [[Bhima Devi Temple Site Museum]], [[Adi Badri, Haryana]], [[Kalayat Ancient Bricks Temple Complex]], [[Pillars of Ashoka]] in Haryana ([[Topra_Kalan#Topra_Ashokan_Edicts_Archaeological_Park_and_Museum]] (now at [[Ashokan_Edicts_in_Delhi#Delhi-Topra_pillar]] of [[Feroz Shah Kotla]]) and Ashokan pillar bottom part at Hisar and top part in Fatehabad [[Firoz_Shah_Palace_Complex#Hisar_Ashokan_Pillar]]), British era architecture of villages and homes from Gazatteers, major modern buildings including Chandigarh and other cities within Haryana such as modern architecture of Gurugram, etc -->

* IVC [[Black and red ware culture]] (1450BCE-1200BCE) 
* Vedic Era [[Painted Grey Ware culture]] (1200BCE to 600BCE) 
* Pre-Islamic architecture of Haryana 
** [[Bhima Devi Temple Site Museum]]
** [[Kalayat Ancient Bricks Temple Complex]]
** [[Adi Badri, Haryana]]
** [[Morni#Morni Hill Archaeological Temple Site|Morni Hills Shiva temple]]
** [[Pillars of Ashoka]] in Haryana.
*** [[Topra Kalan#Topra Ashokan Edicts Archaeological Park and Museum|Topra Kalan pillar]] relocated as [[Ashokan Edicts in Delhi#Delhi-Topra pillar|Delhi-Topra pillar]] at [[Feroz Shah Kotla]]
*** [[Agroha Mound]] pillar relocated to [[Firoz Shah Palace Complex#Hisar Ashokan Pillar|Lat Mosque Hisar]] (bottom half)) and [[Fatehabad, Haryana|Fatehabad]] mosque (top half)

[[Nangal Sirohi#Havelis and architecture|Nangal Sirohi]] in [[Mahendragarh district]], 130&nbsp;km from Delhi, is popular for its [[haveli]]s of [[shekhavati]] architecture within [[National Capital Region (India)|NCR]].<ref name=tribh1>[http://www.tribuneindia.com/2002/20020622/windows/main2.htm Magnificent havelis of Nangal-Sirohi], [[The Tribune (Chandigarh)|The Tribune]], 22 June 2002.</ref>

====Education====
<!-- From IVC and before, From Vedic era oral learning centres on the banks of saraswati such at [[Bilaspur, Haryana]] and [[48 kos parikrama of Kurukshetra]], buddhist era monastries/universities as seen by [[Hieun Tsang]] at [[Jagadhri#Chaneti]], madarass and hindu pandit based learning from gazateers, modern schools from gazateers, first DAV schools and Hindu/native private trust schools and colleges from gazateers, etc --> 
[[Jagadhri#Chaneti|Chanetic Buddhist monastic university]] as chronicled by [[Hieun Tsang]].

====Military ====
((anchor | ))

'''Military establishments in Haryana:'''<br>
[[Indian National Defence University]] - India's only military university, [[National Security Guard]] (NSG) HQ in Gurugram, 4 major Air Force Stations (at [[Ambala Air Force Base|Ambala]], [[Raja Nahar Singh Faridabad Air Force Logistics Station|Faridabad]], [[Gurugram Air Force Station|Gurugram]] and [[Sirsa Air Force Station|Sirsa]]), 3 major Army Bases (at [[Chandimandir Cantonment|Western Command Chandimandir HQ in Panchkula]], [[Ambala Cantt|2nd Corp HQ at Ambala]] and [[Hisar Military Station|32 Div HQ at Hisar]]), [[Central Reserve Police Force]] (CRPF) base in Gurugram, 3 [[Sainik Schools]] ([[Sainik School, Kunjpura|Kunjpura]] - officially first sainik school in India, [[Sainik School, Rewari|Rewari]], and [[Matanhail#Education|Matanhail]].<ref name=harmh1>[http://tehelka.com/haryana-youths-have-11-share-in-indian-army/ Haryana youths have 11% share in Indian army], Tehalja.com, 24 January 2022.</ref>

'''Dominance of Jats & Haryanvis in the Indian Military:'''<br>
((see also | List of regiments of the Indian Army#Infantry | l1= Jats are most numerous in infantry))
[[Jat people|Jat]] [[caste]], officially designated as the [[martial race]], are the largest dominant ethnic group of Haryana and Punjab with [[Jat people#Republic of India|25 to 30% population]]. They have strong martial tradition of thousands of years of joining the military since the times of [[Battle of the Ten Kings]] in 2nd millennium BCE [[rigveda|rigvedic]] era (Haryana is the native home of [[Bharatas (tribe)|Bharta tribe]],<ref name=":02">((Cite book|last=Witzel|first=Michael|url=|title=The Indo-Aryans of Ancient South Asia: Language, Material Culture and Ethnicity|publisher=De Gruyter|year=1995|isbn=978-3-11-081643-3|editor-last=Erdosy|editor-first=George|series=Indian Philology and South Asian Studies|location=|language=en|chapter=4. Early Indian history: Linguistic and textual parametres|pages=85–125|doi=10.1515/9783110816433-009|s2cid=238465491 |chapter-url=https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/9783110816433-009/html))</ref> after whom [[Names for India|India is named]] as [[Bharat (term)|Bharat]],<ref>[[Julius Lipner]] (2010) "Hindus: Their Religious Beliefs and Practices.", p.23</ref><ref>((Cite book |last=Vyasa |first=Dwaipayana |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=egw_EAAAQBAJ&dq=bharata+named+after+mahabharata&pg=PT2643 |title=The Mahabharata of Vyasa: (Complete 18 Volumes) |date=24 August 2021 |publisher=Enigma Edizioni |pages=2643 |language=en))</ref> they defeated all other tribes in [[ashvamedha]] [[yagna]] and united them),<ref name=":02"/> [[Mahabharta]] war in [[vedic]] era, several [[Battle of Panipat (disambiguation)|Battles of Panipat]] ([[Hemu|Maharaj Hemchandra Vikramaditya]], [[Marathas]]), several [[Battle of Tarain (disambiguation)|battles of Tarain]] ([[Prithviraj Chauhan|Maharaj Prithviraj Chauhan]]), etc.<ref name=harmh2/> Haryana has disproportionately large percentage of brave martyr soldiers who sacrificed their lives for [[mother India]].<ref name=harmh1/> Haryana also contributes several times more soldiers and officers to the Indian military than its population share in India.<ref name=harmh2/>

Haryana, with 2% total population of India, contributes 11% soldiers of [[Indian Military]].<ref name=harmh1/> 10% (2,000,000) of Haryana's population belongs to the immediate family of soldiers, with 200,000 serving & 400,000 retired soldiers and their 1,400,000 dependent spouse and children.<ref name=harmh1/>

[[Indian Air Force]]: Haryana (with 2% share in India's population) has the second highest number of air force officers (after Uttar Pradesh which has 11 times more population than Haryana) and the third highest number of airmen.<ref name=harmh2/>

[[Indian Military Academy]] (IMA) officers: Haryana contributes second or third highest number of military officers and it contributes 4 to 5 times more military officers than its share of India's population. In 2023, of the 373 newly graduated officer cadets, UP (63) and Bihar (33), which had more officers than Haryana (32), had the percentage of officers similar to their population share in India whereas Haryana had 4.3 times more officers then its share in India's population. Of these officers, 16.9% (63) were from Uttar Pradesh (with 16.5% population of India), 8.8% (33 officers) were from [[Bihar]] (8.6% population of India), 8.6% (32 officers) were from Haryana (2% population of India), 6.7% (25 officers) were [[Uttrakhand]] (0.84% population of India), 6.2% (23 officers) were from Punjab (2.3% population of India).<ref name=harmh3>[https://navbharattimes.indiatimes.com/india/ima-dehradun-great-grandfather-ferried-construction-materials-of-ima-now-grandson-become-army-officer/articleshow/100908708.cms जिस मिलिटरी अकादमी को बनाने में दादा ने ईंटें ढोई थीं, पोता वहीं से आर्मी अफसर बनकर निकला], Navbharat Times, 11 June 2023.</ref>

[[Indian Army]] non-officer soldiers of lower rank: In 2021, of the 1,151,726 serving non-officer soldiers, Haryana, Punjab, JK and Himachal had a much higher percentage of soldiers than their population share in India, e.g. highest number of soldiers come from Uttar Pradesh which had 11 times more population but only 2.5 times soldiers than Haryana, Maharashtra and Rajasthan have 3.5 to 4.5 times more population than Haryana but they contribute only 1.2 to 1.4 times more soldiers then Haryana. Of these non-officer soldiers, 14.5% (1,67,557) soldier are from [[Uttar Pradesh]] (16.5% population of India), 7.7% (89,088) are from [[Punjab, India|Punjab]] (2.3% population of India) in second place, 7.6% (87,835) are from Maharashtra (9.3% population of India), 6.9% (79,481) are from Rajasthan (5.6% population of India) in 4th place, 5.7% (65,987) are from Haryana (2% population of India) in 6th place, 4.1% (47,457) are from [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]] including [[Ladakh]] (1% population of India) in 10th place, 4% (46,960) are from Himachal Pradesh (0.6% population of India) in 11th place.<ref name=harmh2>[https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/punjab/punjab-second-among-all-states-in-contributing-to-armys-rank-and-file-225565 Punjab second among all states in contributing to Army’s rank and file], The Tribune, 16 March 2021.</ref>

Every year more than 6,000 soldiers from Haryana join the Indian military. [[Bisahan, Jhajjar|Bisahan]] in [[Jhajjar district]], a village of 700 families with at least one person from each family in military, has a reputation of being most prolific contributor to the Indian military.<ref name=harmh1/> In Haryana, a state dominated by the [[martial race]] ([[jat people|jats]] are 30% population of Haryana) where people traditionally & culturally aspire to join the military, excelling in sports provides better opportunity to secure a military job, and military in turn also nurtures the athletes.<ref name=minth1/><ref name=conth1/> "[[Indian Army]] had laid the foundation for the state to become a sports nursery" as people of haryana traditionally joined the military which nurtured the sporting talent. "The state’s domination in sports is somehow linked to the majority of its people’s collective preference for a robust physique that helps them work the fields under a sweltering sun, get jobs in the military, and indulge in sporting activities, more likely wrestling, experts say."<ref name=conth1/>

====Science and technology====
=====Electricity=====
<!-- Please contribute, first lighting e.g. with oil during IVC with sourced dates, first modern electric lighting in haryana with sourced date, first electrical supply system, first electrical street lights with dates, first electric traffic lights, etc. --->
((see also | Haryana Power Generation Corporation | label 1 = Haryana Power Generation Corporation))

=====Post and telegraph=====
<!-- Please contribute, IVC and medieval messgaing system e.g. horses and carts with Serai and Kos Minars, first modern telegraph and post system, first post office, history of postal zones and circles in Haryana, etc --->

====Sports====
((anchor | Sports ))
<!-- From IVC and before such as Shiva mudra, From Vedic era oral learning centres on the banks of saraswati such at [[Bilaspur, Haryana]] and [[48 kos parikrama of Kurukshetra]], Buddhist era monastries/universities as seen by [[Hieun Tsang]] at [[Jagadhri#Chaneti]], madarass and hindu pandit based learning from gazateers, modern schools from gazateers, first DAV schools and Hindu/native private trust schools and colleges from gazateers, etc --> 
[[File:Shiva_Pashupati.jpg|thumb|[[Pashupati]] [[Shiva]] in [[yoga]] pose from [[Indus Valley civilisation]].]]
[[Pashupati]] [[Shiva]] in [[yoga]] pose from [[Indus Valley civilisation]].

; Dominance of Haryana in India's international medals.
''"[[Jat people|Jat]]-dominated Haryana"''<ref name=jatification1/> is known as ''"India's Olympian state"'',<ref name=intdh1/> ''"The Sports State of India"'',<ref name=domin1/> ''"country's sports nursery"'',<ref name=conth1/> ''"sports powerhouse"'' in ''"multiple disciplines""'',<ref name=conth1/> and main contributor of ''"Jatification of Indian sport"''<ref name=jatification1/> due to their dominance in India's international medals "across categories and gender". With only 1.3% area and 1.5% population of India, Haryana consistently has been a top contributor of India's medals in major international events with 30% to 70% individual medals of India won by the people from Haryana.<ref name=intdh1>[https://www.indiatoday.in/opinion-columns/story/haryana-is-india-s-olympian-neeraj-chopra-lila-ram-ravi-dahiya-opinion-1840718-2021-08-14 Haryana is India's Olympian state], India Today, 19 Nov 2021.</ref><ref name="domin1">((Cite web |title=Haryana: The Sports State of India [1 min read] |url=https://fairgaze.com/fgnews/haryana-the-sports-state-of-india_112564.html |access-date=2023-07-30 |website=Fairgaze |language=en))</ref><ref name=sucj1/><ref name=conth1/> "Unlike other states, sports and issues related to sports in Haryana come under great scrutiny."<ref name=sucj1/>

In Olympics, Haryana has won 47% (9/19) individual medals of India.<ref name=harmt2/> In Asian Games,  Haryana won 38% (18/48) individual & 26% (18/69) of total medals in 2018,<ref name=hintw4/><ref name=hintw5/> 63% (23/36) individual & 40% (23/57) of total medals in 2014.<ref name=hintw6/>

In Commonwealth Games (CWG), Haryana won 42% (20/53) of individual & 33% (20/61) of total medals in 2022 CWG,<ref name=hintw1/> 41% (22/54) individual & 33% (22/66) of total medals in 2018 CWG,<ref name=hintw8/> 32% (19/61) individual & 30% (19/64) of total medals in 2014 CWG,<ref name=hintw8/> 32% (32/101) of medals in 2010 CWG,<ref name=hintw8/> 10% (5/50) medals in 2006 CWG.<ref name=hintw8/>

Haryana (& its capital Chandigarh) is always among top 3 in the medal tally of  [[National Games of India|National Games]], [[Khelo India University Games]], [[Khelo India Youth Games#Edition|Khelo India Youth Games]], etc.

In the last 5 Khelo India national games, Haryana stood number-1 2-times and number-2 3-times on the overall medal tally.

The actual number of medals from Haryana is much higher because Haryanvi players also represent [[Services Sports Control Board|Services]] and other states.

The success of Haryana is due to government's policy intervention, rich reward system and job security for the budding athletes and the winners, where deep cultural interest of [[martial race|martial castes]] in [[Malla-yuddha|military and traditional sports]] meets the state infrastructure and incentives provided by the Haryana state government.<ref name=jatsm2/><ref name=orintsh1>[https://theprint.in/sport/how-does-haryana-top-indias-medal-tallies-the-answer-lies-in-history-and-incentives/113803/ How does Haryana top India’s medal tallies? The answer lies in history and incentives], The Print, 12 September 2018.</ref><ref name=minth1/> "Plenty of analysis pieces attribute Haryana’s success in contact sports (boxing and wrestling) to the physical strength of the Jats, the influence of history and geography which has shaped the population."<ref name=sucj1>[https://www.dailyo.in/variety/dangal-20-vinesh-phogat-is-the-new-face-of-the-other-haryana-of-successful-sportspersons-can-these-two-haryanas-become-one-26190 Vinesh Phogat is the new face of the 'other Haryana'. Can the two Haryanas become one?], Dailyo, 21 August 2018.</ref> In Haryana, a state dominated by the [[martial race]] ([[jat people|jats]] are 30% population of Haryana) where people traditionally & culturally aspire to join the military, excelling in sports provides better opportunity to secure a military job, and military in turn also nurtures the athletes.<ref name=minth1>[https://www.livemint.com/Sports/NsXGRuUsw0lgK5zEjZYMvN/Haryanas-sports-policy-plays-a-key-role-in-nurturing-Olympi.html Haryana’s sports policy plays a key role in nurturing Olympians], Mint, 23 August 2016.</ref> "[[Indian Army]] had laid the foundation for the state to become a sports nursery" as people of haryana traditionally joined the military which nurtured the sporting talent. "The state’s domination in sports is somehow linked to the majority of its people’s collective preference for a robust physique that helps them work the fields under a sweltering sun, get jobs in the military, and indulge in sporting activities, more likely wrestling, experts say."<ref name=conth1>[https://www.hindustantimes.com/other-sports/why-haryana-state-powers-india-s-sports-engine/story-15Ciy3CWZu0CUmH2UjNi9I.html Why Haryana state powers India’s sports engine], Hindustan Times, 4 May 2018.</ref>

This has created numerous inspirational national youth sports icons from Haryana and retired haryanvi olympians also continue to nurture the new sporting talent in Haryana which further enhances Haryana's dominance in sports.<ref name=conth1/> "Haryana succeeds in sports because everyone is aiming to excel. And by excel, they mean the Olympics. And an aim at gold."<ref name=sucj1/> 
 
; "Jatification of Indian sport" - dominance of jats in India's international medals.
((anchor | Jatification))
''"Jatification of Indian sport"'', as described by [[Rajdeep Sardesai]], is the phenomenon attributed to the dominance of [[jat people|jats]] in India's international medals.<ref name=jatification1>[https://www.hindustantimes.com/columns/a-level-playing-field/story-uc4Q5nsmf8xgTc6VNJ5v2M.html A level-playing field], Hindustan Times, 13 May 2911.</ref>
With less than India's 2% population and nearly 30% of Haryana's population, [[jat people|jats]] dominate Haryana's & India's International medal tally,<ref name=jatsm2/> by contributing nearly 70% of India's Olympic medals, 40 to 70% India's Asian and Commonwealth medals.

In Olympics, jats won majority of the medals for India, 67% (4/6) in 2018, 100% (2/2) in 2016, 50% (3/6) in 2012, 67% (2/3) in 2008.

In Asian games, Jats won 35% (24/69) of India's medals including 60% (9/15) gold in 2018.

In CWG games, Jats dominate India's medal tally who won 40% (21/53) medals in 2022,<ref name=jatsm4/> most dominant ethnic group in India's 54 medals in 2018,<ref name=jatsm2/> 27% (27/101) individual medals for India (excludes 4 jats who won medal as part of hockey team) in 2010.<ref name=hintw9/> In 2010 CWG, Haryanvi jats won 24% (24/101) of India's & 75% of Haryana's (24/32) individual medals as well as more than half of India's gold medals.<ref name=jatm1/>

All 14 medals in April [[2023 Asian Wrestling Championships]] in Kazakastan, and June 2023 U21 & U17 Asian Wrestling Championship in Kyrgyzstan all 9 female medals were won by Haryanvi jats.<ref name=wg1/>

American social anthropologist, [[Joseph Alter]], who has extensively researched wrestling in haryana, explains that Jats have [[martial race|martial war-like tradition]], masculine caste group identity, and picking up [[Malla-yuddha|martial sports such as wrestling]] is their tradition, they are hardworking and that is the secret to their success.<ref name=jatsm2>[https://www.downtoearth.org.in/news/environment/why-certain-parts-of-india-shone-during-the-recently-concluded-asian-games-61524 Why certain parts of India shone during the recently-concluded Asian Games], DownToEarth.org, 4 September 2018.</ref>

; National Games of India
In [[National Games of India]] medals tally, Haryana is always among top three states.

;Khelo India Games
In [[Khelo India Youth Games#Edition|Khelo India Youth Games]], since it began in 2018 and till 2022, Haryana topped the medal tally in 2 editions and achieved second slot in 3 editions.

In [[Khelo India University Games]], the universities from Haryana are always among top 3.

In National School Games, in June 2023 Haryana (109 medals) stood second behind Delhi (126),<ref name=nsgh1>[https://sgfionline.net/reports/MedalTally.aspx National School Games], School Games Federation of India, 13 June 2023.</ref> both of which have [[jat people|same ethnic demography]].

;Olympics
Till 2020, India has won 21 individual metals, of which 19 have been won by the Indian citizens excluding 2 individual medals won by the India-born British-citizen [[Norman Pritchard]]. Of these 19 individual medals, at least 47% (9/19) have been won by athletes with connection with Haryana.<ref name="harmt2">((Cite web |date=29 May 2023 |title=Cut The Clutter : Wrestlers’ protest, crackdown, what it takes to get Olympic medal, & Brij Bhushan Singh & his power - Podvine |url=https://podvine.com/podcast/theprint/cut-the-clutter-wrestlers-protest-crackdown-what-it-takes-to-get-olympic-medal-and-brij-bhushan-singh-and-his-power |access-date=30 July 2023 |website=podvine.com |language=en))</ref><ref name=intdh1/>

In [[India at the 2020 Summer Olympics#Medalists|2020 Olympics]], Haryana won 50% (3 out of total 6) medals for India including 100% gold (1/1), 50% (1/2) silver and 33% (1/3) bronze.<ref name=harmt1/> 67% (4/6) medals for India won by jats.

In [[India at the 2016 Summer Olympics#Medalists|2016 Olympics]], Haryana won 50% (1 out of total 2) medals for India.<ref name=harmt1/> 100% (2/2) medals for India won by jats.

In [[India at the 2012 Summer Olympics#Medalists|2012 Olympics]], 67% (4 out of total 6) medal winners are associated with Haryana.<ref name=harmt1>[http://m.timesofindia.com/articleshow/15518731.cms Haryana government to honour Olympic medalists], Times of India, 16 August 2012.</ref> 50% (3/6) medals for India won by jats.

In [[India at the 2008 Summer Olympics#Medalists|2008 Olympics]], 100% (3 out of total 3) medal winners are associated with Haryana.<ref name=harmt1/> [[Vijender Singh]] from Bhiwani, [[Abhinav Bindra]] from Chandigarh and [[Sushil Kumar]]'s ancestral village in Sonipat. 67% (2/3) medals for India won by jats.

; Asian Games

In [[India at the 2018 Asian Games#Medalists|2018 Asian Games]], Haryana won 38% (18/48) individual & 26% (18/69) of total medals for India.<ref name=hintw4>[https://www.timesnownews.com/asian-games-2018-jakarta-palembang/article/asian-games-2018-medal-rush-continues-from-haryana-as-india-produce-best-ever-finish-at-asiads-with-69-medals/279127 Asian games 2018 metal rush continues from Haryana], Times Now, 3 September 2018.</ref> Haryana (18 or 26%, 5G+5S+8B) was followed by Tamilnadu (12 or 17%) and 9 or 13% each for Delhi, UP, Kerala.<ref name=hintw5>[https://www.patrika.com/other-sport-news/asian-games-2018-statewise-medal-tally-of-india-haryana-won-most-1-3362944/ एशियाई खेल 2018: हरियाणा ने देश को दिलाए सबसे अधिक पदक, जानिए किस राज्य ने जीते कितने पदक], पत्रिका Patrika, 5 September 2018.</ref> Jats won 35% (24/69) India's medals, including 60% (9/15) gold, 30% (7/24) silver and 27% (8/30) bronze.

In [[India at the 2014 Asian Games#Medalists|2014 Asian Games]], Haryana won 63% (23/36) individual & 40% (23/57) of total medals for India.<ref name="hintw6">((Cite web |title=पूरे देश को उम्‍मीद एशियाई खेलों में हरियाणा के खिलाड़ी फिर दिखाएंगे जलवा - |url=https://www.jagran.com/haryana/panchkula-hopes-with-haryana-players-in-asian-games-18325640.html |access-date=30 July 2023 |website=Jagran |language=hi))</ref>

;Commonwealth Games

In [[India at the 2022 Commonwealth Games#Medalists|2022 CWG]], with a contingent of 21% (43/210) the Haryana sportspersons won 42% (20/53) of individual & 33% (20/61) of total medals for India including 43% (9/21) gold, 25% (4/16) silver and 31% (7/23) bronze.<ref name=hintw1>[https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/chandigarh-news/with-20-medals-haryana-athletes-stamp-their-authority-in-commonwealth-games-101659998426552.html With 20 medals, Haryana athletes stamp their authority in Commonwealth Games], Hindustan Times, 9 August 2022.</ref> Jats dominated India's medal tally, they won 40% (21/53) total, 41% (9/22), 29% (3/16), 44% (9/23) bronze medals of India.<ref name=jatsm4>[https://jankaritoday.com/jat-players-commonwealth-games-2022/ भारतीय जाट खिलाड़ियों के शानदार प्रदर्शन के कारण 2022 कॉमनवेल्थ खेलों की पदक तालिका में भारत चौथे स्थान पर रहा।], JankariToday, accessed 10 June 2023.</ref>

In [[India at the 2018 Commonwealth Games#Medalists|2018 CWG]], with a contingent of 13% (28/218) the Haryana sportspersons won 41% (22/54) individual & 33% (22/66) of total medals for India including 35% (9/26) gold, 30% (6/20) silver and 35% (7/20) bronze.<ref name=hintw8>[https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/commonwealth-games/with-22-medals-haryana-basks-in-cwg-glory-5138929/ CWG 2018: With 22 medals, Haryana basks in Commonwealth Games glory], Indian Express, 9 August 2022.</ref> Jats dominated the medals.<ref name=jatsm2/>

In [[India at the 2014 Commonwealth Games#Medalists|2014 CWG]], Haryana won 32% (19/61) individual & 30% (19/64) of total medals for India.<ref name=hintw8/>

In [[India at the 2010 Commonwealth Games#Medalists|2010 CWG]], with 10% (50 from Haryana out of India's 495) athletes Haryana won 32% (32/101) of medals for India.<ref name=hintw8/> 24% (24/101) of India's & 75% of Haryana's (24/32) individual medals were won by [[jat people|jats]] from Haryana (excluding medals won by jats from other states). Haryanvi jats won more than half of India's gold medals.<ref name=jatm1>[https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/commonwealth-games-2010/story/jats-lead-the-pack-at-commonwealth-games-83807-2010-10-12 Jats lead the pack at Commonwealth Games], India today,13 Oct 2010.</ref> These games had 50 Jats from all states who won 27% (27/101) individual medals for India (excludes 4 jats who won medal as part of hockey team, also excludes jats playing for other nations).<ref name=hintw9>[https://www.hindustantimes.com/columns/a-level-playing-field/story-uc4Q5nsmf8xgTc6VNJ5v2M.html A level-playing field], Hindustan Times, 13 May 2011.</ref>

In [[India at the 2006 Commonwealth Games#Medalists|2006 CWG]], Haryana won 10% (5/50) medals for India including 5% (1/22) gold, 18% (3/17) silver and 9% (1/11) bronze.<ref name=hintw8/>

; Wrestling Championships:

In April [[2023 Asian Wrestling Championships]] in Kaxakastan, all 14 medals were won by Haryanvi jats.

In June, U21 & U17 Asian Wrestling Championship in Kyrgyzstan all 9 female medal winners were haryanvi jats, who won 7 gold, 1 silver and 1 bronze.<ref name=wg1>[https://clinboldnews.com/haryanas-girls-shine-in-asian-wrestling-championship-7-out-of-ten-won-gold-medals/ एशियन कुश्ती चैंपियनशिप में हरियाणा की छोरियां का जलवा, दस में से 7 ने जीतें गोल्ड मेडल], accessed 15 June 2023.</ref>

====Transport====
=====Aviation=====
<!-- Please contribute, first flight, first scheduled service, first airport, etc --->
((see also | Haryana Institute of Civil Aviation | Hisar Airport ))

In 1919, first airstrip was built in Haryana when [[Ambala Air Force Station]] was established. Following the independence of India in 1947, it was also the home to the [[SEPECAT Jaguar]] of [[No. 5 Squadron IAF]] and [[No. 14 Squadron IAF]], and aging [[Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-21|MiG-21bis]] of ''No. 21 Squadron IAF''.

In 1947–48, a [[Flying Instructors School (India)|Flying Instruction School]] (FIS) was formed here.

In 1954, FIS Ambala was moved to [[Tambaram]] near [[Chennai]] in [[Tamil Nadu]], at [[Tambaram Air Force Station]].

By 1964, the diversionary [[Indian Air Force]] airfield at Sirsa was ready.<ref name=pal1>PC Lal, [https://books.google.com/books?id=eBszCSguEscC&dq=%22sirsa%22%2B+%22air+force%22+station&pg=PT158 My Years with the IAF].</ref>

In 1965, Hisar airfield, spread over ((convert|194|acre|ha)), was built for the Hisar Aviation Club. In 1999, Hisar Aviation Club was merged with [[Haryana Institute of Civil Aviation]] (HICA). The airport is managed by HICA, which provides flight training using [[light aircraft]].<ref name=training>((cite web|title=Haryana Institute of Civil Aviation|url=http://www.karnal.gov.in/dept_aviation.asp|publisher=District Administration, Karnal|access-date=30 June 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120523172711/http://www.karnal.gov.in/dept_aviation.asp|archive-date=23 May 2012))</ref>

In 1967, [[Karnal Airport|Karnal Air Strip]] was set up.<ref>((cite web |url=http://www.karnal.gov.in/dept_aviation.asp |title=Civil Aviation (Flying Club) |access-date=30 June 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120523172711/http://www.karnal.gov.in/dept_aviation.asp |archive-date=23 May 2012 ))</ref> The Karnal Flying Club has been running at this airfield since 1967 year.<ref name = "TOI">((cite news|title= Three airports ready to take off in Haryana |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-08-29/india/33475403_1_cargo-airport-aerodrome-runway |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130103105003/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-08-29/india/33475403_1_cargo-airport-aerodrome-runway |url-status=dead |archive-date=3 January 2013 |work=[[The Times of India]] |date= 29 August 2012 |access-date=6 September 2012))</ref>

In 1970–71, a privately managed air service was introduced from Delhi-Patiala-Hisar and Delhi which was terminated after a period of about 6 months due to being financially unviable.<ref name=gaz1>((cite web| url=http://revenueharyana.gov.in/html/gazeteers/gazetteer_india_hisar.pdf| title=Gazetteer of India: Haryana, Hisar, pp.136| author=Haryana Gazetteers Organization| publisher=Controller of Printing and Stationery| location=Chandigarh| date=1987| url-status=dead| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140501213030/http://revenueharyana.gov.in/html/gazeteers/gazetteer_india_hisar.pdf| archive-date=1 May 2014))</ref>

During the 1980s, the [[Gurugram Airstrip]], hangar, air conditioned yoga ashram and TV studio were built by former Prime Minister [[Indira Gandhi]]'s favorite godman and yoga guru [[Dhirendra Brahmachari]] who died in 1994 in a plane crash.<ref name=bhond6>1990, [https://books.google.com/books?id=I6R1g9aQqm0C "The Illustrated Weekly of India."], [[The Times Group]], Volume 111, Issues 13–25, p. 35.</ref><ref name=bhond4>Ajay Kumar, "Family of Indira's favourite godman locked in multi-crore land battle.", D Mail, 11 December 2014.</ref> Indira use to visit Brahmachari here once a week.<ref name=bhond6/><ref name=bhond4/> The 1980s teleserials "India Quiz" and [[Hum Log (television series)|Hum Log]] (ran from July 1984 to 17 December 1985) were shot here.<ref name=bhond6/> Brahmachari charged INR25,000 per shift for the use of ashram's TV studio facilities here for the shooting of Hum Log.<ref name=bhond6/> In 1983, Brahmachari had written letter to then Chief Minister of Haryana, [[Bhajan Lal Bishnoi|Bhajan Lal]], with a request to acquire 5,000 acre land around [[Aravalli Range]], potentially up to 70,000 acres in total, to build facilities to rival [[Disneyland]], including a yoga research and training centre, a wildlife sanctuary, folk arts and crafts centre, amusement centre and other facilities such as helipad, aquarium, planetarium and games and thrillers.<ref name=bhond5>[http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/swami-dhirendra-brahmachari-plans-to-open-health-and-recreation-centre-in-gurgaon/1/372342.html "Swami's Disneyland."], [[India Today]], 28 February 1983.</ref> The aircraft hangar still has two ruined aircraft belonging to Brahmachari,<ref name=bhond4/> likely including a [[Maule M-5]] American aircraft owned by him that landed him in investigations for tax evasions.<ref name=bhond12>[http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/swami-dhirendra-brahmachari-a-man-with-no-official-standing-but-awesome-power/1/410239.html "Dhirendra Brahmachari: The controversial yogi."], [[India Today]], 30 November 1980.</ref> Ownership of some of the facilities is currently being disputed in the court (c. 2014), including 32 acre land and yoga studio.<ref name=bhond4/>

In 2002, the Delhi Flying Club (DFC) shifted all its flying activities and aircraft to Hisar from [[Safdarjung Airport]] in [[Delhi]].<ref name="hisar airport">((cite news|title=Safdarjung airport flies into history|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2003-04-05/delhi/27267580_1_safdarjung-airport-delhi-flying-club-civil-aviation|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120712024828/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2003-04-05/delhi/27267580_1_safdarjung-airport-delhi-flying-club-civil-aviation|url-status=dead|archive-date=12 July 2012|access-date=31 May 2012|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|date=5 April 2003))</ref>

On 31 January 2010, the ''Rajiv Gandhi National Centre for Aero Sports'' was inaugurated at [[Narnaul Airport]]. 51 acres were acquired for this purpose.<ref name=b2>[https://web.archive.org/web/20170331115938/http://www.sify.com/news/train-for-aero-sports-at-haryana-centre-news-national-kloouejahbgsi.html Aerosports center in Haryana, Publication: www.sify.conm, Published on: 14-nov2010, Accessed: 31-mar-2017]</ref> Chief Minister [[Bhupinder Singh Hooda]] and Aero Club of India President Satish Sharma were present at the inauguration ceremony. The centre was set up by Aero Club of India and the Department of Civil Aviation, Haryana. It is the first ever modern state-of-the-art aero sports centre in India to provide training in comprehensive range of various aero sports, including para-jumping (simulated parachute jump from a tower), [[parasailing]], [[hot air ballooning]], [[gliding]], [[Powered aircraft|power flying]], [[sky diving]], [[Model aircraft|aero modelling]] and [[Ultralight aviation|micro light flying]],<ref name=b2/> with the purpose of introducing the state's youth to aviation and providing the general population a cheap opportunity to experience aero sports.<ref>((cite news | url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2010/20100201/main6.htm | title=Narnaul gets country's first aero sports centre | work=[[The Tribune (Chandigarh)]] | date=31 January 2010 | access-date=27 July 2016 | author=Dhawan, Sunit))</ref><ref>((cite news | url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/delhi/Let-dreams-soar-at-this-flying-club-near-Gurgaon/articleshow/5521544.cms | title=Let dreams soar at this flying club near Gurgaon | work=[[The Times of India]] | date=1 February 2010 | access-date=27 July 2016 | author=Sukanya, Sumi))</ref> On 27 November 2017, ''Runway 1'' a quirky restaurant based inside an [[Airbus A320 family|Airbus A320]] discarded by [[Air India]] was opened on [[Ambala Chandigarh Expressway]] by a [[Shahabad Markanda|Shahabad]] based business family.<ref name=et1>[https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/services/hotels-/-restaurants/runway-1-this-old-aeroplane-is-now-a-quirky-restaurant-in-haryana/runway-1-sneak-peek/slideshow/62457433.cms Runway-1 sneak peek], Economic Times, Jan 2018.</ref>

In August 2018, [[Feasibility study|pre-feasibility study]] and field study for 3 new greenfield airports in Haryana commenced for the and [[Chhara Airport]] (Jhajjar district), [[Jind Airport]] and [[Kurukshetra Airport]] at the cost of INR30 lakh (3 million).<ref name=greenf1>[https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/haryana/survey-for-three-greenfield-airports-in-state-begins/644682.html Survey for 3 new greenfield airports in Haryana ], The Tribune, Aug 2018.</ref>

On 26 December 2018, Haryana Health Minister [[Anil Vij]] announced that a third domestic airport will be established under [[UDAN]] III scheme 40&nbsp;km from the Ambala city at Barnala village next to the [[Ambala Air Force Station]] for which a team of [[Airports Authority of India]] has already carried out the land survey.<ref name=lands1>[https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/haryana/ambala-to-get-domestic-airport-vij/704481.html Ambala to get domestic airport], The Tribune, 26 December 2018.</ref><ref name=lands2>[http://digitalglobalist.com/2018/12/28/ambala-to-get-airport/ Ambala to get airport], digitalglobalist.com, 28 December 2018.</ref> The new greenfield airport at Ambala is included in the 13 airports included in the UDAN III scheme.<ref name=lands2/> Since most of the technical formalities are complete, an early execution of the project is expected.<ref name=lands2/> Hisar and Karnal airports are already included in the list of airports for which airlines can make proposals for the UDAN scheme.<ref name=lands2/>

As of January 2019, all five existing government airports in Haryana will be developed to have runway of at least 5000 feet for [[Aircraft#Size|midsize aircraft]] and [[business jet]]s, night landing and parking hangars, as airlines have approached the Haryana government to park their spillover "Non-scheduled Air Operations" (NSOP) aircraft from the congested IGI airport at Delhi to Bhiwani and Narnaul airport. Some of this development work at Hisar, Bhiwani and Narnaul airports is already underway.<ref>[https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/haryana/all-five-airports-in-state-to-be-developed-expanded/710300.html All five airports in state to be developed expanded], The Tribune 8 January 2019.</ref> Hisar will be extended to 10,000&nbsp;ft by March 2022 for large air crafts.

In 2021, [[Gurugram Heliport Hub]] was envisaged and implementation started in 2024.<ref name=helih1>[https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/gurgaon/heli-hub-over-25-acres-in-city-handed-over-to-centre/articleshow/94975974.cms Heli Hub: Over 25 Acres In Gurugram Handed Over To Centre CITY], Times of India, Oct 20, 2022.</ref>

=====Railway=====
((see also | Railway in Haryana | label 1 =  Haryana railway history | Rail transport in India#History | label 2 =  Indian railway history | Northern Railway zone#History | label 3 =  NR history | North Western Railway zone#History | label 4 =  NWR history | North Central Railway zone#History | label 5 = NCR history | North Eastern Railway zone#History | label 6 = NER history  ))

[[Railway in Haryana]] falls in 2 railway zones ([[Northern Railway zone]] and [[North Western Railway zone]]), and 3 divisions under those.

=====Roads and highways=====
<!-- Please contribute, first roads e.g. IVC with sourced dates, first highway e.g. GT road with Kos Minar and Serai with sourced date, first bitumen paved road with sourced date in various districts, traffic manual traffic lights, traffic electrical traffic lights, etc --->
[[File:Coach_driver_Indus_01.jpg|thumb|Coach driver from [[Indus Valley civilisation]].]]
((see also | Highways in Haryana | Haryana Roadways | Haryana Tourism | GT Road | Kos Minar))
[[GT Road]] with [[Kos Minar]] and [[Caravanserai]]s

===Military===
The modern military history commenced with British colonial rule where [[George Thomas (soldier)|George Thomas]] established modern European style army in 1798 to 1801,<ref name=TOIgt1>[http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chandigarh/Desi-Irish-Raja-of-Haryana/articleshow/53360680.cms Desi Irish Raja of Haryana, Times of India newspaper, Jul-24-2016]</ref><ref name=GrBio1>[https://archive.org/details/militarymemoirs01frangoog Military memoirs of George Thomas, William_Francklin, 1805]</ref> and later [[James Skinner (East India Company officer)|Colonel James Skinner]] (1778 – 4 December 1841) the Anglo-Indian military adventurer in India, who founded [[1st Horse (Skinner's Horse)|1st Skinner's Horse]] and [[3rd Skinner's Horse]] at [[Asigarh Fort]] at Hansi in 1803, which are still part of the [[Indian Army]].<ref>[http://www.national-army-museum.ac.uk/exhibitions/shortVisits/iconic/page9.shtml Colonel James Skinner CB] ((webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101218033415/http://national-army-museum.ac.uk/exhibitions/shortVisits/iconic/page9.shtml |date=18 December 2010 )) ''[[National Army Museum]]'' ([[British Army]]).</ref><ref name=EB1911>((Cite EB1911 |wstitle=Skinner, James |volume=25 |page=192))</ref>

As of January 2020, 139 (>10%) out of 1,322 [[Vir Chakra]] in India have been awarded to soldiers from Haryana,<ref>[https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/archive/haryanatribune/haryanvi-meghdoot-who-defended-the-most-challenging-post-in-siachen-858562 Haryanvi Meghdoot who defended the most challenging post in Siachen], The Tribune, 9 November 2019.</ref> which has less than 2% population of India.

Current military installations in Haryana are:
* [[Indian Army]]
** [[Ambala Cantonment]]
** [[Chandimandir Cantonment]]
** [[Hisar Military Station]]
* [[Indian Air Force]]
** [[Ambala Air Force Station]]
** [[Gurugram Air Force Station]] is an ammunition dump
** [[Raja Nahar Singh Faridabad Air Force Logistics Station]]
** [[Sirsa Air Force Station]]
* [[Indian Navy]]
** [[Information Management and Analysis Centre]] (IMAC) at Gurugram
* [[Border Security Force]]
** Hisar BSF Camp
* [[Central Reserve Police Force]] (CRPF)
** Hisar CRPF Camp
* [[Central Industrial Security Force]] (CISF)
** [[Mandawar, Haryana|Mandawar]] CISF, Sohna<ref name=jag1>[https://www.jagran.com/haryana/panchkula-ten-big-projects-approved-in-haryana-18899617.html Ten big projects approved in Haryana], 29 January 2019.</ref>
* [[National Security Guard]] (NSG) at Manesar

Defunct British-era military installations in Haryana:
* [[Asigarh Fort]] at Hansi 
* [[Cantonment Church Tower|Karnal Cantonment]]
* [[Bharawas]], 7&nbsp;km southwest of Rewari (not to be confused with nearby [[Bariawas]] 7&nbsp;km to the southeast of Rewari)
* [[Jharsa]] cantonment and palace of [[Begum Samru]] (b.1753 – d.1836), which later became a British cantonment at the same place when Bharwas cantonment was reclocated to Jharsa in Gurugram.<ref name=hart1>[http://www.haryanatourism.gov.in/Destination/begum-samru-palace Begum Samru Palace, Gurugram], [[Haryana Tourism]].</ref><ref>((cite news|title=A queen's magnificent church|url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/a-queens-magnificent-church/996392/0|newspaper=The Indian Express|date=2 September 2012))</ref><ref name=htj1>[https://www.hindustantimes.com/gurugram/hope-for-decrepit-french-memorial-in-gurugram-as-official-issues-directions-for-restoration/story-2kCz8ul2IGKr7NYvyiWDXL.html Hope for decrepit French memorial in Gurugram as official issues directions for restoration], Hindustan Times, Jun 2018.</ref><ref name=htj2>[https://www.hindustantimes.com/gurugram/a-200-year-old-memorial-in-gurugram-dedicated-to-the-begum-who-commanded-an-army/story-gynCi7xMR0F7ZtJXEtP1vI.htmlA 200-year-old memorial in Gurugram dedicated to the Begum who commanded an army], Hindustan Times, Jun 2018.</ref>

Other cantonments
* [[Buria]] cantonment of Sikh ruler during British colonial rule
* [[Bahadurgarh]] state cantonment of nawab during British colonial rule
* [[Ballabhgarh|Balramgarh]] state cantonment ofRaja [[Nahar Singh]] during British colonial rule
* [[Dujana]] cantonment of nawab during British colonial rule
* [[Jhajjar]] cantonment of nawab during British colonial rule
* [[Jind State]] cantonment of nawab Sikh ruler at [[Jind]] during British colonial rule
* [[Kalsia]] cantonment ofSikh ruler during British colonial rule
* [[Kapurthala State]] (Narwana cantonment) of Phulkian Sikh Raja
* [[Loharu State]] cantonment of nawab at [[Loharu]] during British colonial rule

===Polity===

====Vedic era====
=====Mahajanapadas=====

Following [[Mahajanapadas]] are mentioned in [[Mahabharata]] had their land in Haryana: ((Dubious|date=August 2020))

* [[Kuru Kingdom]], most of area of Haryana fell under this kingdom, their main capital in Haryana was at [[Sonipat|Swarnprastha]] (Sonipat), other 3 capital or main cities were Indraprastha (Delhi), Waghparastha ([[Baghpat]] in Uttar Prades) and Tilprastha ([[Tilpat]] in Haryana)
* [[Matsya Kingdom]], present day [[South Haryana]]
* [[Surasena]], present day [[Hodal]] as part of [[Braj]] region.

Ancient [[Khandava Forest|Khandavprastha]] forest mentioned in Mahabharata,<ref name="ref08qexol">((Citation | title=The Indian empire: its history, people and products | author=Sir William Wilson Hunter | year=1882 | publisher=Trubner, 1882 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CYYfAAAAYAAJ | quote=''...&nbsp;the five Pandava brethren of the Mahabharata burned out the snake-king Takshaka from his primeval Khandava forest ...''))</ref> lay to the west of [[Yamuna]] river in modern-day [[Delhi]] territory. [[Pandavas]] cleared this forest to construct their capital city called [[Indraprastha]]. This forest was earlier inhabited by [[Naga Kingdom|Naga]] tribes led by a king named [[Takshaka]].<ref name="ref44hamiy">((Citation | title=The Mahabharata, Book 1 of 18: Adi Parva | publisher=Forgotten Books | isbn=978-1-60506-611-0 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=v2SJPvIMatEC | quote=''...&nbsp;I adore thee also, to obtain the ear-rings, O Takshaka, who formerly dwelt in Kurukshetra and the forest of Khandava! ... And Takshaka, surprised beyond measure and terrified by the heat of the fire, hastily came out ...''))</ref> [[Arjuna]] and [[Krishna]] cleared this forest by setting up a fire. The inhabitants of this forest were displaced. This was the root cause of the enmity of the Naga Takshaka towards the [[Kuru Kingdom|Kuru]] kings who ruled from Indraprastha and [[Hastinapura]].<ref name="ref44hamiy"/>

=====Janapads=====
((empty section|date=December 2019))

The list of [[Janapada]]s falling within Haryana:

====Princely states of late medieval and British colonial era====
<!-- from IVC and before, sourced data, what did they grow and eat, etc. current output, main crops, recent developments, pipelink to appropriate articles in Indian cuisine and update history of those articles with sourced Haryana IVC data -->

* States at the time of independence <!--incomplete list, reconfirm and add citations, create separate articles for the missing states-->
** With headquarter based in Haryana
*** [[Buria]] State of Sikhs
*** [[Dujana State]] of Nawab
*** [[Jind State]] of Phulkian Misl Sandhu Sikhs
*** [[Kunjpura]] State of Nawab
*** [[Loharu State]] 
*** [[Pataudi State]]
** With headquarter based outside of Haryana with parts of territory within Haryana
*** [[Kapurthala State]] of Phulkian Misl Sandhu Sikhs included Narwana
*** [[Nabha State]] of Phulkian Misl Sandhu Sikhs
*** [[Malerkotla]] State of Nawab <!--reconfirm if they had territory in Haryana, if so where?-->
*** [[Patiala State]] of Phulkian Misl Sandhu Sikhs included Charkhi Dadri
* Abolished states, due to [[Indian Rebellion of 1857]] or for other reasons.
**[[Rewari]] State Abolished in 1857. The Last Ruler [[Rao Tula Ram]] was the key instigator of revolt.
** [[Ballabhgarh]] State of Tewatias. Abolished after 1857 revolution and Raja [[Nahar Singh]] hanged to death by British.
** [[Charkhi Dadri district#British colonial era|Charkhi Dadri State]]
** [[Jhajjar]] State of Nawab
** [[Farrukhnagar]] State of Nawab
* Abolished states, at other times
** [[Hansi]] State of [[James Skinner (East India Company officer)|James Skinner]] and [[George Thomas (soldier)|George Thomas]] 
** [[Jharsa]] of [[Begum Samru]] 
** [[Kaithal]] State of Sikhs of Phulkia [[Sidhu]] clan
** [[Rania, Sirsa|Rania]] State of Sikhs, [[Ranghar]]s of [[Johiya]] and [[Bhatti clan|Bhatti]] clans

===Religion===

====Buddhism====
Main sites are 
* Mounds: [[Agroha Mound]], [[Sugh Ancient Mound]], 
* [[Pillars of Ashoka]]: [[Firoz Shah Palace Complex#Hisar Ashokan Pillar|Hisar]], [[Fatehabad, Haryana#History|Fatehabad]],<ref>[https://fatehabad.nic.in/tourist-place/lat-of-feroz-shah/ Lat of Feroz Shah]</ref> [[Topra Kalan#Topra Ashokan Edicts Archaeological Park and Museum|Topra Kalan Edicts Museum]]
* [[Stupa]]s, [[pagoda]]s and places in the order of travel by Lord [[Buddha]]: 
** From [[Mathura]] in Uttar Pradesh, Buddha travelled along [[Grand Trunk Road]] in Haryana (also see [[#Buddhism|Buddhist pilgrimage sites in Haryana]]).
** [[Kumashpur#Pagoda|Kamashpura Aastha Pugdal Pagoda]] (Kumashpur) in Sonipat city, the place where Buddha gave [[Mahasatipatthana sutta]].<ref name=kamas2>[https://patthana.dhamma.org/en/dhamma-patthana/ Dhamma patthana], dhamma.org.</ref><ref name=kamas1>[http://sdbst.org/Kumaspur.aspx Aastha Pugdal Pagoda at Kumaspur (Kamas Nigam in Sonepat], SDBST.</ref> 
** [[Bodh Stupa|Kurukshetra Stupa]] on the banks of sacred [[Brahma Sarovar]] in Kurukshetra city was also visited by [[Hieun Tsang]],<ref name=":0">((Cite web|url=https://thebuddhistforum.com/buddhist-stupa-at-kurukshetra/|title=Buddhist Stupa at Kurukshetra|date=31 March 2012|website=The Buddhist Forum|language=en-US|access-date=20 December 2018))</ref>
* [[Topra Kalan#Topra Ashokan Edicts Archaeological Park and Museum|Topra]] between Kurukshetra and Yamunanagar, now has a large open air museum park housing several replica of [[Ashoka]]'s edicts including largest [[Ashoka Chakra]] in the world,<ref>[http://www.tribuneindia.com/news/haryana/community/khattar-announces-rs100-cr-to-develop-saraswati-topra-kalan/65676.html Khattar announces Rs100 cr to develop Saraswati, Topra Kalan, The Tribune, 11-Apr-2015]</ref><ref>[http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-park-for-ashoka-stalled-2270801 Park for Ashoka stalled?, DNA India News, 7-Nov-2016]</ref> original site of Ashokan pillar which was moved to [[Feroz Shah Kotla]] in Delhi in 1356 CE by [[Firuz Shah Tughlaq]].<ref>HM Elliot & John Dawson (1871), [https://archive.org/stream/cu31924073036737#page/n367/mode/2up Tarikh I Ferozi Shahi – Records of Court Historian Sams-i-Siraj] [[The History of India, as Told by Its Own Historians]], Volume 3, Cornell University Archives, pp 352–353</ref>
** [[Srughna]], now known as the [[Sugh Ancient Mound]], on outskirts of Yamunanagar city
** [[Chaneti Buddhist Stupa]], on outskirts of Yamunanagar city, according to [[Hieun Tsang]] it was built by the [[Ashoka|King Ashoka]].<ref>((Cite web|url=http://www.haryanatourism.gov.in/Destination/buddhist-stupa-chaneti|title=Buddhist Stupa Chaneti – Places of interest – Yamuna Nagar – Haryana Tourism Corporation Limited.|last=Corporation|first=Haryana Tourism|website=destination|language=en-IN|access-date=25 August 2019))</ref><ref>((Cite web|url=http://archaeologyharyana.nic.in/sites/default/files/documents/signage-matter-5-12-17.pdf|title=Buddhist Stupa, Chaneti, Yamunanagar (Buddhist Stupa), circa 3rd Century BC))</ref><ref>((Cite web|url=https://thebuddhistforum.com/buddhist-stupa-at-chaneti/|title=Buddhist Stupa at Chaneti|date=31 March 2012|website=The Buddhist Forum|language=en-US|access-date=25 August 2019))</ref>
* Other [[Stupa]]s: [[Adi Badri, Haryana|Adi Badri Sharirika stupa]], [[Assandh#Assandh Stupa|Assandh Kushan stupa]]

====Hinduism====
* [[Adi Badri, Haryana|Adi Badri]]
* [[Agroha Dham]]
* [[Baba Thakur]]
* [[Bhima Devi Temple Complex|Bhima Devi Temple Complex at Pinjore]]
* [[Bhuteshwar Temple]]
* [[Chhapadeshwar Mahadev Mandir]]
* [[Dhosi Hill]]
* [[Eklavya temple]]
* [[Gurugram Bhim Kund]]
* [[Jayanti Devi Temple]]
* [[Jhirkeshwar mahadev]]
* [[Kalka#Kali Mata Temple|Kali Mata Temple]]
* [[Kalesar National Park#Kalesar Mahadev temple|Kalesar Mahadev]]
* [[Kapal Mochan]]
* [[Kurukshetra]]: [[48 kos parikrama of Kurukshetra]] [[Kurukshetra#Places of interest|Harsh ka Tilla at Kurukshetra]], [[Brahma Sarovar]] and [[Sannihit Sarovar]], [[Jyotisar]], [[Kartikeya Temple, Pehowa]] 
* [[Kalayat Ancient Bricks Temple Complex]]
* [[Mata Mansa Devi]]
* [[Narnaul#Tourist attractions|Narnaul]]
* [[Pindara Temple]]
* [[Sheetla Mata Mandir Gurgaon]]
* [[Raipur Rani#Sharda Mata Temple Chotta Trilokpur|Sharda Mata]]
* [[Sita Mai Temple]]
* [[Sthaneshwar Mahadev Temple]] 
* [[Surajkund]]
* [[Tosham]]
* [[Yamuna Nagar district#Nar Narayan Cave Temple|Nar Narayan Cave in Yamuna Nagar]]
* [[List of State Protected Monuments in Haryana|State Protected Monuments]]
* [[List of Monuments of National Importance in Haryana|Monuments of National Importance]]

====Jainism====
* [[Dehra Temple]]
* [[Ranila Jain temple]]
* [[Agroha (town)|Agroha]]
* [[Hansi]]

====Sikhism====
* [[Kapal Mochan]]
* [[Lohgarh (Bilaspur)|Lohgarh]]
* [[Pehowa]]

==See also==
* [[Divisions of Haryana]]
* [[History of Punjab]]
* [[History of India]]
* [[Timeline of Indian history]]

==References==
((Reflist|20em))

==Further reading==
* [http://dspace.gipe.ac.in/xmlui/handle/10973/36648 Gazetteers of the Hisar District, 1883–1884]
* [http://dspace.gipe.ac.in/xmlui/handle/10973/36880 Punjab District Gazetteers: Gurgaon District statistical tables, 1935. Vol. III]
* [http://dspace.gipe.ac.in/xmlui/handle/10973/27007 Imperial Gazetteer of India. Vol. XXVI:]

==External links==
* [http://www.haryana.gov.in/knowharyana/history.html History of Haryana]
*[https://www.digitalgyanganga.com/haryana-gk-2020/ Ancient History of Haryana]
*[https://www.digitalgyanganga.com/harappa-civilization-in-haryana/ Harappa Civilization of Haryana]

((History of India by State))
((Haryana))

((DEFAULTSORT:History of Haryana))
[[Category:History of Haryana| ]]

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Template:Nobold (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Nobold/styles.css (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Ns has subpages (view source) (protected)
Template:Pagetype (view source) (protected)
Template:Plainlist/styles.css (view source) (protected)
Template:Reflist (view source) (protected)
Template:Reflist/styles.css (view source) (protected)
Template:SDcat (view source) (protected)
Template:See also (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Short description (view source) (protected)
Template:Short description/lowercasecheck (view source) (protected)
Template:Sidebar with collapsible lists (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Trim (view source) (protected)
Template:Use Indian English (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Use dmy dates (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Webarchive (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Yesno (view source) (protected)
Template:Yesno-no (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Aligned table (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Anchor (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Arguments (view source) (protected)
Module:Category handler (view source) (protected)
Module:Category handler/blacklist (view source) (protected)
Module:Category handler/config (view source) (protected)
Module:Category handler/data (view source) (protected)
Module:Category handler/shared (view source) (protected)
Module:Check for unknown parameters (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1 (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/COinS (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Date validation (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Identifiers (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Utilities (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Whitelist (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css (view source) (protected)
Module:Convert (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Convert/data (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Convert/text (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Delink (view source) (protected)
Module:Disambiguation/templates (view source) (protected)
Module:Find sources (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Find sources/config (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Find sources/links (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Find sources/templates/Find sources mainspace (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Format link (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Hatnote (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Hatnote/styles.css (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Hatnote list (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Icon (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Icon/data (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Labelled list hatnote (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:List (view source) (protected)
Module:Message box (view source) (protected)
Module:Message box/ambox.css (view source) (protected)
Module:Message box/configuration (view source) (protected)
Module:Namespace detect/config (view source) (protected)
Module:Namespace detect/data (view source) (protected)
Module:Navbar (view source) (protected)
Module:Navbar/configuration (view source) (protected)
Module:Navbar/styles.css (view source) (protected)
Module:Navbox (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Navbox/configuration (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Navbox/styles.css (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Ns has subpages (view source) (protected)
Module:Pagetype (view source) (protected)
Module:Pagetype/config (view source) (protected)
Module:Pagetype/disambiguation (view source) (protected)
Module:Pagetype/setindex (view source) (protected)
Module:Pagetype/softredirect (view source) (protected)
Module:SDcat (view source) (protected)
Module:Sidebar (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Sidebar/configuration (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Sidebar/styles.css (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:String (view source) (protected)
Module:TableTools (view source) (protected)
Module:Template wrapper (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Unsubst (view source) (protected)
Module:Webarchive (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Webarchive/data (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Wikitext Parsing (view source) (protected)
Module:Yesno (view source) (protected)

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