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((short description|none))
((Use Hiberno-English|date=May 2020))
((Use dmy dates|date=May 2020))
((More citations needed|date=March 2008))
The '''history of the Gaelic Athletic Association''' is much shorter than the history of [[Gaelic games]] themselves. [[Hurling]] and [[Caid (sport)|caid]] were recorded in early Irish history and they pre-date [[recorded history]]. The [[Gaelic Athletic Association]] itself was founded in 1884.

==Foundation and early history==
The man credited with much of the original impetus for founding the GAA was [[Michael Cusack (Gaelic Athletic Association)|Michael Cusack]] from [[County Clare]], born in 1847. He was a teacher at [[Blackrock College]] in [[Dublin]]. In 1877, he set up his own cramming school, the Civil Service Academy, to prepare students for examinations for the British Civil Service. "Cusack's Academy", as it was known, and its pupils, did extremely well, resulting in soaring attendance. Pupils at the academy were encouraged to get involved in all forms of physical exercise. Cusack was troubled by falling standards in specifically Irish games.

To remedy this situation, to re-establish the [[Tailteann Games (ancient)|ancient Tailteann Games]] as an athletics competition with a distinctive Irish flavour, and to re-establish hurling as the national pastime, Cusack met with several other enthusiasts on Saturday, 1 November 1884, in [[Hayes' Hotel]], [[Thurles]], [[County Tipperary]].

The seven founder members were Cusack, [[Maurice Davin]] (who presided), [[John Wyse Power]], John McKay, [[Joseph Kevin Bracken|J. K. Bracken]], Joseph O'Ryan and [[Thomas St. George McCarthy]] (a District Inspector of the [[Royal Irish Constabulary]] based at nearby [[Templemore]]).<ref>((cite news|last1=Roche|first1=Barry|title=The RIC man who was in Hayes Hotel|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/sport/the-ric-man-who-was-in-hayes-hotel-1.773935|access-date=22 April 2018|work=Irish Times|date=18 November 2009))</ref> Frank Moloney of Nenagh was also later admitted by Cusack to have been present, while the following six names were published as having attended in press reports: William Foley, a Mr Dwyer, a Mr Culhane, William Delehunty, John Butler and William Cantwell. All six were from Thurles except Foley, who like Davin was from [[Carrick-on-Suir]].((citation needed|date=June 2015))

The foundation day was chosen for its [[Irish mythology|mythological]] significance: according to legend, [[Samhain]] (1 November) was the day when the [[Fianna]]'s power died. Cusack meant this choice of day to symbolise the rebirth of the Irish heroes, and the Gaelic Athletic Association for the Cultivation and Preservation of National Pastimes was established, its name subsequently shortened to Gaelic Athletic Association.

Within a few weeks of the organisation's foundation, [[Thomas Croke]], the [[Roman Catholic]] [[Archbishop of Cashel]], gave it his approval and became its first patron. Its other patrons included both [[Michael Davitt]] and [[Charles Stewart Parnell]]. Cusack was a difficult man to get along with, but in the first few months of the organisation he proved to be an excellent organiser. He did not, however, continue to run the association for long after its foundation. Within eighteen months he was obliged to resign as a result of his failure to submit accounts for auditing. Croke introduced a new rule which forbade members of the GAA from playing "foreign and fantastic games" ((Citation needed|date=February 2007)) such as tennis, [[cricket]], [[polo]], and [[croquet]].

Over the next few years the GAA evolved even more. In 1886, county committees were established. These became the units of representation for the new All-Ireland championship. Later, new rules for [[Gaelic football]] and [[hurling]] were drawn up by the Association and were published in the United Irishman newspaper. The year 1887 saw the first All-Ireland Championships being held in both codes of sport. 13 [[GAA county|GAA counties]] out of the 32 [[counties of Ireland]] entered, although only five competed in hurling and eight in football.

==Twentieth century history==
During the 19th century most of the members were farm labourers, small farmers, barmen or shop assistants((Citation needed|date=February 2007)). But from 1900 onwards a new type of person – those who were now being influenced by the [[Gaelic League]] (1893) — joined the movement. They tended to be clerks, school teachers or civil servants. In 1922 the association passed over the job of promoting athletics to the National Athletic and Cycling Association.<ref>((cite web|url=http://www.athleticsireland.ie/content/?page_id=5990|title=Athletic Ireland|access-date=23 August 2012))</ref>

==Timeline of the GAA==
* 1884: The Gaelic Athletic Association was founded on 1 November (''[[Samhain]]'': according to legend the day the [[Fianna]] fell from power) at [[Hayes' Hotel]] in [[Thurles]], [[County Tipperary]].
* 1886: [[Wexford GAA|Wexford County Board]] became the first GAA county organisation in the country.
* 1887: [[Tipperary GAA|Tipperary]] and [[Limerick GAA|Limerick]] won the first All-Ireland Hurling and Football Finals respectively.
* 1892: The rules of hurling and football were altered: Goals were made equal to five points and teams were reduced from 21 to 17-a-side. Inter-county teams were introduced to the All-Ireland championships. Congress granted permission for the winning club to use players from other clubs in the county, thus the inter-county teams come into being.
* 1896: The value of a goal was further reduced from five points to three points.
* 1900: The provincial councils of [[Munster GAA|Munster]], [[Leinster GAA|Leinster]], [[Connacht GAA|Connacht]] and [[Ulster GAA|Ulster]] were sanctioned.
* 1904: First official [[camogie]] matches.
* 1912: The Junior Championships were introduced at All-Ireland level.
* 1913: The [[Jones's Road Ground]], Dublin, was purchased by the GAA and renamed Croke Memorial Park.
* 1920: [[Bloody Sunday (1920)|Bloody Sunday]]: Twelve spectators and a player, [[Michael Hogan (Gaelic footballer)|Michael Hogan]], were killed in [[Croke Park]] in a raid by [[Auxiliary Division|Auxiliary Forces]] during the [[Irish War of Independence]].
* 1923: [[Galway GAA|Galway]]'s hurlers won Connacht's first All-Ireland.
* 1924: The first revived [[Tailteann Games (Irish Free State)|Tailteann Games]] were opened in Croke Park.
* 1925: The declaration rule now meant that players could play for their county of birth, rather than their county of residence. Galway won Connacht's first All-Ireland Football title after a series of objections.
* 1926: The first radio broadcast of a GAA match took place when Galway play [[Kilkenny GAA|Kilkenny]].
* 1927: The [[Railway Cup]] competitions were introduced.
* 1928: [[Kildare GAA|Kildare]] are the first county to win the [[Sam Maguire Cup]].
* 1931: The name ''Cumann Lúthchleas Gael'' was adopted.
* 1933: [[Cavan GAA|Cavan]]'s footballers won Ulster's first All-Ireland.
* 1932: The first All-Ireland Camogie Championship took place.
* 1935: The GAA entered its second half-century. A crowd of 50,000 attended the All-Ireland Finals.
* 1938: [[Micheál Ó Hehir]] commentated on his first GAA match.
* 1939: The [[Cork GAA|Cork]] versus Kilkenny hurling match was remembered as the "thunder & lightning final" as the climax was played in a storm. On the same day the [[Second World War]] began.
* 1940: The penalty kick and penalty puck were introduced.
* 1947: The [[1947 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final|All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final]] between Cavan and [[Kerry GAA|Kerry]] was played in the [[Polo Grounds]], New York. Cavan emerge victorious.
* 1954: A hurling record 84,856 attended Croke Park when Cork played Wexford in the [[1954 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship Final|All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship Final]].
* 1959: The 75th anniversary of the GAA was commemorated with the opening of the first cantilevered New Hogan Stand at [[Croke Park]].
* 1961: A record 90,556 attended the [[1961 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final|All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final]] contested by Down and [[Offaly GAA|Offaly]] at Croke Park.
* 1961: The first [[All-Ireland Poc Fada Championship|Poc Fada]] tournament was held.
* 1962: The first GAA match was broadcast live on Telefís Éireann (now [[RTÉ]]).
* 1967: The first [[international rules football]] game was played against a side of Australian origin.
* 1971: The first All-Ireland Club Championships were played. [[Roscrea]] won the [[All-Ireland Senior Club Hurling Championship|senior hurling competition]] and [[Kerry GAA|East Kerry]] won the [[All-Ireland Senior Club Football Championship|senior football competition]].
* 1974: The [[Ladies' Gaelic Football Association]] was founded in Thurles.
* 1976: [[Páirc Uí Chaoimh]] was opened in [[Cork (city)|Cork City]]. It was the first purpose-built GAA stadium.
* 1984: The Gaelic Athletic Association's centenary year. The [[1984 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship Final|All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship Final]] between Cork and Offaly was played in [[Semple Stadium]], Thurles.
* 1993: A grand plan to completely re-construct Croke Park was launched.
* 1996: The new Cusack Stand was opened.
* 1997: The "back door" system was introduced into the All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship. The [[1997 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship Final|first All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship Final]] between two sides from the same province took place between [[Clare GAA|Clare]] and Tipperary, both of Munster.
* 1998: Offaly became the first side to win the [[1998 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship Final|All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship]] by springing through the "back door".
* 1999: The [[Gaelic Players Association]] was founded.
* 2001: [[Rule 21]] barring members of the British Army or the [[Royal Ulster Constabulary|RUC]] from playing GAA was deleted.
* 2001: The "back door" system was introduced into the All-Ireland Senior Football Championship. Galway became the first football side to win the [[2001 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final|All-Ireland Senior Football Championship]] by springing through the "back door".
* 2002: The redeveloped Cusack, Canal End and Hogan Stands were officially opened.
* 2003: The [[2003 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final|first All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final]] between two sides from the same province took place between [[Tyrone GAA|Tyrone]] and [[Armagh GAA|Armagh]], both of Ulster.
* 2004: The first [[Tommy Murphy Cup]] was played.
* 2005: The first [[Christy Ring Cup]] and [[Nicky Rackard Cup]] were held.
* 2005: The re-development of Hill 16 was completed and is functional for the All-Ireland Senior Championship Finals.
* 2005: The GAA relaxed [[Rule 42]], which gave temporary permission for soccer and rugby internationals to be played at Croke Park from 2007 while [[Lansdowne Road]], the home of both sports, was being rebuilt.
* 2007: The first game to be played in Croke Park under lights. The largest league attendance ever of 81,678 was also recorded – [[Dublin GAA|Dublin]] are beaten 0–10 to 0–11 by Tyrone.
* 2009: The [[GAA 125|125th anniversary of the GAA]] was commemorated with a floodlit [[2009 National Football League (Ireland)|National Football League]] opening match between Dublin and Tyrone.
* 2013: [[Hawk-Eye]] was introduced for Championship matches at Croke Park.<ref>((cite news|url=http://www.rte.ie/sport/gaa/football/2013/0515/392343-gaa-hope-hawkeye-will-stop-contentious-points/|title=GAA hopes Hawk-Eye will eliminate contentious points|work=RTÉ Sport|date=15 May 2013|access-date=15 May 2013))</ref> It was first used to confirm that [[Offaly GAA|Offaly]] substitute [[Peter Cunningham (Gaelic footballer)|Peter Cunningham]]'s attempted point had gone wide 10 minutes into the second half of a game against [[Kildare GAA|Kildare]].<ref>((cite news|url=http://www.hoganstand.com/ArticleForm.aspx?ID=193535|title=Hawkeye makes successful debut|work=Hogan Stand|date=2 June 2013|access-date=2 June 2013))</ref>
* 2013: The first Friday night game in the history of the Championship occurred – a first round qualifier between [[Carlow GAA|Carlow]] and [[Laois GAA|Laois]].<ref>((cite news|url=http://www.rte.ie/sport/gaa/football/2013/0617/457027-derry-and-sligo-to-clash-in-football-qualifiers/|title=Qualifiers include first ever Friday night game|work=RTÉ Sport|date=17 June 2013|access-date=17 June 2013|quote=Carlow will play Laois on 28 June in Dr Cullen Park, the first time a Championship game will take place on a Friday night.))</ref>

==References==
((Reflist))

((Gaelic Athletic Association))
((All-Ireland Senior Football Championship))
((All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship))
((National Football League (Ireland)))
((National Hurling Leagues))

[[Category:History of the Gaelic Athletic Association| ]]
[[Category:1884 establishments in Ireland]]
[[Category:History of Gaelic games]]
[[Category:History of organisations based in Ireland|Gaelic Athletic Association]]
[[Category:Social history of Ireland]]

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