The English name Holywood comes from Latin Sanctus Boscus 'holy wood'. This was the name the Normans gave to the woodland surrounding the monastery of St Laiseran, son of Nasca. The monastery was founded by Laiseran before 640 and was on the site of the present Holywood Priory. The earliest Anglicised form appears as Haliwode in a 14th-century document.[3]
The Irish name for Holywood is Ard Mhic Nasca meaning "high ground of Mac Nasca".[4][5]
History
In the early 19th century, Holywood, like many other coastal villages throughout Ireland, became popular as a resort for sea-bathing. Many wealthy Belfast merchants chose the town and the surrounding area to build large homes for themselves. These included the Kennedys of Cultra and the Harrisons of Holywood. Dalchoolin House stood on the site of the present Ulster Transport Museum, while Cultra Manor was built between 1902–04 and now houses the Ulster Folk Museum.[6]
The railway line from Belfast to Holywood opened in 1848, and this led to rapid development. The population of Holywood was approximately 3,500 in 1900 and had grown to 12,000 by 2001. This growth, coupled with that of other towns and villages along the coastal strip to Bangor, necessitated the construction of the Holywood Bypass which was completed in 1972.[7]
Holywood Priory
The Old Priory ruins lie at the bottom of the High Street. The tower dates from 1800, but the oldest ruins date from the early 13th century. The Priory graveyard is the resting place for many distinguished citizens including the educational reformer, Dr Robert Sullivan, and the Praeger family. Sullivan Upper Grammar School is named after Dr Robert Sullivan.[8]Robert Lloyd Praeger (1865–1953) was an internationally renowned botanist[9] and his sister, Rosamond Praeger (1867–1954), gained fame as a sculptor and writer.[10]
On 17 June 1994, Garnet Bell, a former pupil bearing a grudge, entered an assembly hall at Sullivan Upper School and used a flamethrower to attack students taking A-level examinations. Six pupils were injured; three of them seriously.[11]
On 12 April 2010, at around 12:24am, a car bombing occurred near Palace Barracks, a British Army barracks on the edge of Holywood's town centre. An elderly man was blown off his feet and had to be treated in hospital. The bomb was allegedly driven towards the base in a hijacked taxi.[12] The Real IRA claimed responsibility for the attack.[13]
18.29% were under 16 years of age and 18.79% were 65 or older
48.99% were male and 51.01% were female
62.25% were from a Protestant or other Christian background and 23.11% were from a Catholic Christian background.
3.39% of people aged 16–74 were unemployed.
Places of interest
The Maypole and Ned's Bar
Holywood is known for its maypole at the crossroads in the centre of town. Its origin is uncertain, but, according to local folklore, it dates from 1700, when a Dutch ship is said to have run aground on the shore nearby, and the crew erected the broken mast to show their appreciation of the assistance offered to them by the townsfolk. It was the only surviving original maypole in Ireland,[15] but was severely damaged in high winds in February 2021 and had to be replaced.[16]
The nearby Maypole Bar is known locally as Ned's.[17]
There is a Norman motte in the town which may have been constructed on an earlier burial mound.[18]
On 2 August 1848, the first leg of the Belfast and County Down Railway, or BCDR, was opened from Belfast to Holywood. The Holywood railway station opened simultaneously. The railway line was extended via the Belfast, Holywood and Bangor Railway (BHBR) to Bangor, and the extension opened on 1 May 1865. The BCDR acquired the BHBR in 1884.[19] Holywood station was closed for goods traffic on 24 April 1950.[20]
Wildlife
Records of the marine algae include: Polysiphonia elongata, Laurencia obtusa, Chondria dasyphylla, Pterothamnion plumula, Rhodophyllis divaricate, and Coccotylus truncates.[21]
St. Paul's Gaelic Football Club was founded in 1979 as an amalgamation of the Holywood, Bangor, and Newtownards clubs.[27]
Golf
Holywood Golf Club, founded in 1904 is where 2011 US Open, 2012 US PGA, The Open 2014, and 2014 US PGA champion Rory McIlroy learned his golf, and he still calls it his home course. Nearby Craigavad is the home of the Royal Belfast Golf Club, the oldest in Ireland, dating from 1881. The club's present course was designed by architect Harry Colt in 1926.[28]
^"Holywood Motte, Co. Down"(PDF). Centre for Archaeological Fieldwork, School of Archaeology & Palaeoecology, Queen’s University Belfast. Retrieved 2 December 2022.
