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((Short description|Set of short scripture explanations))
((multiple issues|
((refimprove|date=April 2022))
((full citations needed|date=April 2022))
))
A '''homiliarium''' or '''homiliary''' is a collection of [[homily|homilies]], or familiar explanations of the [[Gospel|Gospels]].

==History==

=== Late Antiquity ===
From a very early time the homilies of the Fathers were in high esteem, and were read in connection with the recitation of the [[Liturgy of the Hours|Divine Office]] (see also [[Breviary]]). [[St. Gregory the Great]] refers to this custom, and [[St. Benedict]] mentions it in his rule, dating it to as early as the sixth century.<ref>[[Pierre Batiffol]], ''History of the Roman Breviary'', 107.</ref> This was particularly true of the homilies of [[Pope Leo I]], very terse and peculiarly suited to liturgical purposes.

=== Medieval Europe ===
As new feasts were added to the Office, the demand for homilies became greater and by the eighth century, the century of liturgical codification, collections of homilies began to appear.<ref>[[Pierre Batiffol]], ''History of the Roman Breviary'', p. 108.</ref> Such a collection was called a ''homiliarium, or '''homiliarius''' (i.e. liber) doctorum''. In the early [[Middle Ages]] numerous collections of homilies were made for purposes of preaching.

Many homiliaria have survived, and there are medieval references to many others. Mabillon (''De Liturgia Gallicana'') mentions a very old Gallican homiliarium. A manuscript of the eighth century refers to a homiliarium by Agimundus, a Roman priest. The [[Venerable Bede]] compiled one in England. In the episcopal library at [[Würzburg]] there is preserved a homiliarium by Bishop Burchard, a companion of [[St. Boniface]]. Alanus, Abbot of Farfa (770), compiled a large homiliarium, which must have been often copied, for it has reached us in several manuscripts. In the first half of the ninth century [[Smaragdus of Saint-Mihiel]] compiled from the Fathers a book of homilies on the Gospels and Epistles for the whole year. [[Haymo of Halberstadt|Haymo]], a monk of [[Fulda]] and disciple of [[Alcuin]], afterwards [[Bishop of Halberstadt]] (841), made a collection for Sundays and feasts of the saints.<ref>[[Trithemius]] in [[John Lingard]], ''Antiquities of the Anglo-Saxon Church'', volume 2, 313, note.</ref> [[Rabanus Maurus]], another pupil of Alcuin, and [[Eric of Auxerre]] compiled each a collection of homilies. All these wrote in Latin.

== Homiliarium of Charlemagne ==
Perhaps the most famous homiliarium is that of [[Paul Warnefrid]], better known as [[Paul the Deacon]], a monk of [[Monte Cassino]]. It was made by order of [[Charlemagne]]. 

The purpose of this work is disputed. [[Johann Lorenz von Mosheim]]<ref>Eccl. Hist., volume 2, p.&nbsp;471, London, 1845</ref> and [[August Neander]],<ref>General History of the Christian Religion and Church, volume 5, p. 174</ref> followed by various encyclopedias and many Protestant writers, describe it as compiled in order that the clergy might at least recite to the people the Gospels and Epistles on Sundays and holidays. The Catholic Encyclopedia disagrees, saying that the royal decree clarifies that this particular collection was not made for pulpit use but for the recitation of the [[Breviary]], and that copies were made only for such churches as were wont to recite the Office in choir. 

Manuscript copies of this homiliarium are found at [[Heidelberg]], [[Frankfurt]], [[Darmstadt]], [[Fulda]], [[Gießen]] and [[Kassel]]. The manuscript mentioned by Mabillon, and rediscovered by Ranke, in [[Karlsruhe]], is older than the tenth century Monte Cassino copy. The earliest printed edition is that of [[Speyer]] in 1482. In the [[Cologne]] edition (sixteenth century) the authorship is ascribed to [[Alcuin]], but the royal decree alluded to leaves no doubt as to the purpose or author; Alcuin may have revised it. As the fifteenth or sixteenth century, this work was in use for [[homiletic]] purposes.

==Anglican homiliaria==
[[File:Bookof homiliesI.jpg|thumb|upright=0.9|Title page of Cranmer's ''Book of Homilies''.]]
During the [[English Reformation]], [[Thomas Cranmer]] and others saw the need for local [[Church (congregation)|congregation]]s to be taught [[Anglican]] [[theology]] and practice. Since many [[priest]]s and [[deacon]]s were still uneducated, semi-literate and tending toward [[Roman Catholic Church|Roman Catholicism]] in their teachings and activities, it was decided to create a series of [[homilies]] to be read out during the [[church service]] by the local Priest.

The ''[[The Books of Homilies|First book of Homilies]]'' contained twelve sermons and was written mainly by Cranmer. They focused strongly upon the character of [[God]] and [[Justification by Faith]] and were fully published by 1547.

The ''Second book of Homilies'' contained twenty-one sermons and was written mainly by [[Bishop]] [[John Jewel]], and were fully published by 1571. These were more practical in their application and focused more on living the [[Christianity|Christian]] life.

The reading of the [[Homilies]] as part of the church service was supported by Article XXXV of the [[Thirty-Nine Articles]].

==Translations and collections==
Translations of homilies were frequently ordered by the Catholic Church,<ref>v. g. Second Council of Reims, 813; Third Council of Tours, 813--cf. [[Louis Thomassin]], lxxxv, 510.</ref> and became common. [[Alfred the Great]] translated into Anglo-Saxon the homilies of [[Venerable Bede]], and for the clergy the "Regula Pastoralis" of St. Gregory the Great. [[Ælfric of Eynsham|Ælfric]] selected and translated into the same language passages from St. [[Augustine of Hippo]], [[St. Jerome]], Bede, St. Gregory, Smaragdus and occasionally from [[Haymo of Halberstadt|Haymo]]. His aim was to work the extracts into a whole, and thus present them in an easy and intelligible style.<ref>[[John Lingard]], ''Antiquities of the Anglo-Saxon Church'', volume 2, p. 313</ref> The first German translation of this kind was due to Ottfried of Weißenburg.

Collections of the homilies of the Greek and Latin Church Fathers will be found in Migne's "Patrology". An account of the editions of their works, homilies included, is in [[Otto Bardenhewer]]'s ''Patrology''.<ref>tr. Thomas J. Shahan, St. Louis, 1908.</ref> The surviving Irish homilies are found principally in "The Speckled Book" (Leabhar Breac), which is written partly in Latin and partly in Irish.<ref>See extract "Passions and Homilies", ed. Atkinson, Dublin, 1887.</ref> It is largely taken up with homilies and passions, lives of the saints etc. The "[[Book of Ballymote]]" contains, amongst miscellaneous subjects, Biblical and hagiological matter; and the "[[Book of Lismore]]" contains lives of the saints under the form of homilies.<ref>See Hull, "Text Book of Irish Literature", appendix.</ref>

The binding and illumination of gospels and homiliaria were both elaborate and artistic. They were frequently deposited in a highly wrought casket (''Arca Testamenti''), which in Ireland was called ''cumdach'' (shrine). Emperor [[Constantine the Great]] presented a text of the Gospels with costly binding to the church of [[St. John Lateran]]; and Queen [[Theodolinda]] made a similar presentation to the church at [[Monza]].<ref>Kraus, "Geschichte der Christlichen Kunst", volume 1, p. 528</ref>

==See also==
* [[Homiletics]]
* [[Postil]]

==References==
((Reflist))

===Sources===
((refbegin))
* ((CathEncy|title=Homiliarium|url=http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07447a.htm))
* ((Catholic|wstitle=Homiliarium))
((Refend))

((Authority control))

[[Category:Homiletics]]
[[Category:Christian sermons]]

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