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((Short description|Subantarctic island of Chile, known for Cape Horn))
((Infobox islands
| name             = Hornos Island
| native_name      = Isla Hornos
| sobriquet        = 
| image_name       = Cape Horn 2003.jpg
| image_size       = 270px
| image_caption    = The Hornos Island
| image_alt        = 
| map              = Tierra del Fuego
| location         = 
| coordinates      = ((coord|-55.944078|-67.280925|display=title,inline))
| archipelago      = [[Tierra del Fuego]]
| waterbody        = [[Pacific Ocean]] / [[Atlantic Ocean]]
| total_islands    = 
| major_islands    = 
| area_km2         = 25.1
| area_footnotes   = 
| rank             = 
| length_km        = <!-- or length m  -->
| length_footnotes = 
| width_km         = <!-- or width m  -->
| width_footnotes  =
| coastline_km     = <!-- or coastline m  -->
| coastline_footnotes = 
| elevation_m      = 
| elevation_footnotes = 
| highest_mount    = <!--name-->
| Country_heading  = 
| country          = [[Chile]]
| country_admin_divisions_title     = [[Regions of Chile|Region]]
| country_admin_divisions           = [[Magallanes Region|Magallanes]]
| country_admin_divisions_title_1   = [[Provinces of Chile|Province]]
| country_admin_divisions_1         = [[Antártica Province|Antártica]]
| country_admin_divisions_title_2   = [[Communes of Chile|Commune]]
| country_admin_divisions_2         = [[Cabo de Hornos, Chile|Cabo de Hornos]]
| country_capital                   = 
| country_largest_city              = 
| country_largest_city_population   = 
| country_leader_title              = 
| country_leader_name               = 
| country_1                         = 
| country_1_admin_divisions_title   = 
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| country_1_leader_title            = 
| country_1_leader_name             = 
| demonym          = 
| population       = 5 (2019)
| population_as_of = 
| density_km2      = 
| density_footnotes = 
| ethnic_groups    = 
| website          = 
| additional_info  = [[National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency|NGA]] UFI= -884347
))
'''Hornos Island''' (((lang-es|Isla Hornos))) is a [[Chile]]an island at the southern tip of [[South America]]. The island is mostly known for being the location of [[Cape Horn]]. It is generally considered South America's southernmost island, but the [[Diego Ramírez Islands]] are farther south. The island is one of the [[Hermite Islands]], part of the [[Tierra del Fuego]] archipelago.

The [[Chilean Navy]] maintains a station on the island, consisting of a residence, utility building, chapel, and lighthouse.<ref name="IHL"/> A short distance from the main station is a memorial, including a large sculpture featuring the silhouette of an [[albatross]], in honour of the sailors who died while attempting to "round the Horn".<ref name="CHC"/>

The island is within the [[Cabo de Hornos National Park]].

==Ecology==
The island is dominated by [[Magellanic moorland]]s. Exposed locations are dominated by bunch grasses and short shrubs, low to the ground to avoid wind. Short trees found only in wind protected areas. The world's southernmost tree, a ''[[Nothofagus betuloides]]'', is found on Hornos Island.<ref>((Cite web|url=https://www.nationalgeographic.com/magazine/article/the-tree-at-the-bottom-of-the-world-and-the-wind-blasted-trek-to-find-it-feature|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210513143623/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/magazine/article/the-tree-at-the-bottom-of-the-world-and-the-wind-blasted-trek-to-find-it-feature|url-status=dead|archive-date=May 13, 2021|title=The tree at the bottom of the world—and the wind-blasted trek to find it|website=[[National Geographic]]|date=May 13, 2021|author=Craig Welch))</ref> 

The island has extensive penguin colonies along the coast, with no land predators present.

==People==

In 2019, the island had a population of five, consisting of the [[lighthouse keeper]], his wife, and their three children.<ref>((Cite web|url=https://www.efe.com/efe/english/life/chilean-family-lives-surrounded-by-the-wildest-seas-on-planet/50000263-3884590|title=Chilean family lives surrounded by the wildest seas on the planet|website=www.efe.com))</ref> 

The island is also the southernmost extension of pre-industrial humanity. The world's [[List of southernmost items|southernmost archaeological site]], consisting of harpoon points, butchered bones, and a hearth or cooking camp, was found in 2019.<ref>((Cite journal | title=Antiquity announcement: Isla Hornos/Isla Lököshpi| journal=Antiquity| date=October 2022| volume=96| issue=389| pages=1324–1329| doi=10.15184/aqy.2022.91| last1=Buma| first1=Brian| last2=Morello| first2=Flavia| last3=Rodriguez| first3=Karina| last4=Fillol| first4=Alberto Serrano| s2cid=251269854| doi-access=free))</ref>

==Geology==
The composition of the island is mainly of [[Cretaceous]] [[granite]] with [[Jurassic]] [[volcanic rock]]s in the northwest. The lower areas of the island are filled with [[peat moss]].

==Climate==
((unsourced section|date=August 2022))
: Mean temperature: 5.3 °C (41.54 °F)
: Maximum temperature: 20.5 °C (68.9 °F) (February 1996)
: Minimum temperature: −14.5 °C (5.9 °F) (June 1992)
: Mean relative humidity: 86.4%
: Mean wind direction: 264°
: Mean wind speed: 84&nbsp;knots
: Maximum wind speed: 119&nbsp;knots (August 1995)
: Rainfall (yearly mean): 697.5&nbsp;mm
: Maximum rainfall: 1263.2 mm (1990)

== References ==
((Reflist|refs=
<ref name="CHC">[http://www.caphorniers.cl/CH_monument.htm ''Cape Horn Memorial''] ((webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050926082830/http://www.caphorniers.cl/CH_monument.htm |date=2005-09-26 )), by Roberto Benavente; from Fundacion Caphorniers Chile. Retrieved February 5, 2006.</ref>
<ref name="IHL">[http://www.lhdigest.com/Digest/database/uniquelighthouse.cfm?value=3121 ''Isla Hornos Lighthouse''], from Lighthouse Depot. Retrieved 18 November 2014.</ref>
))

((Authority control))

[[Category:Islands of Tierra del Fuego]]
[[Category:Lighthouses in Chile]]
[[Category:Hermite Islands]]


((MagellanAntarctic-geo-stub))

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