Hosea 4
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4Q166 "The Hosea Commentary Scroll", late first century B.C.
BookBook of Hosea
CategoryEarly Prophets
Christian Bible partOld Testament
Order in the Christian part28

Hosea 4 is the fourth chapter of the Book of Hosea in the Hebrew Bible or the Old Testament of the Christian Bible.[1][2] This book contains the prophecies attributed to the prophet Hosea, son of Beeri. In this chapter he reproves the people and priests for their sins in the interregnum following Jeroboam's death; hence there is no mention of the king or his family; and in Hosea 4:2 bloodshed and other evils usual in a civil war are specified.[3] It is a part of the Book of the Twelve Minor Prophets.[4][5]

Text

The original text was written in Hebrew language. This chapter is divided into 19 verses.

Textual witnesses

Some early manuscripts containing the text of this chapter in Hebrew are of the Masoretic Text tradition, which includes the Codex Cairensis (895), the Petersburg Codex of the Prophets (916), Aleppo Codex (10th century), Codex Leningradensis (1008).[6] Fragments containing parts of this chapter in Hebrew were found among the Dead Sea Scrolls including 4Q78 (4QXIIc; 75–50 BCE) with extant verses 1–19;[7][8][9][10] and 4Q82 (4QXIIg; 25 BCE) with extant verses 1, 9–11, 13–14.[8][11][12][13]

There is also a translation into Koine Greek known as the Septuagint, made in the last few centuries BCE. Extant ancient manuscripts of the Septuagint version include Codex Vaticanus (B; B; 4th century), Codex Alexandrinus (A; A; 5th century) and Codex Marchalianus (Q; Q; 6th century).[14][a]

Verse 6

My people are destroyed for lack of knowledge:
Because you have rejected knowledge,
I also will reject you from being priest for Me
Because you have forgotten the law of your God,
I also will forget your children.[16]

See also

Notes

  1. ^ The Book of Hosea is missing from the extant Codex Sinaiticus.[15]

References

  1. ^ Halley, Henry H. Halley's Bible Handbook: an abbreviated Bible commentary. 23rd edition. Zondervan Publishing House. 1963.
  2. ^ Holman Illustrated Bible Handbook. Holman Bible Publishers, Nashville, Tennessee. 2012.
  3. ^ a b Robert Jamieson, Andrew Robert Fausset; David Brown. Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's Commentary On the Whole Bible. 1871.Public Domain This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  4. ^ Metzger, Bruce M., et al. The Oxford Companion to the Bible. New York: Oxford University Press, 1993.
  5. ^ Keck, Leander E. 1996. The New Interpreter's Bible: Volume: VII. Nashville: Abingdon.
  6. ^ Würthwein 1995, pp. 35–37.
  7. ^ Ulrich 2010, pp. 592–593.
  8. ^ a b Dead sea scrolls - Hosea
  9. ^ Fitzmyer 2008, p. 38.
  10. ^ 4Q78 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library
  11. ^ Fitzmyer 2008, p. 39.
  12. ^ Ulrich 2010, pp. 591–593.
  13. ^ 4Q82 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library
  14. ^ Würthwein 1995, pp. 73–74.
  15. ^ Shepherd, Michael (2018). A Commentary on the Book of the Twelve: The Minor Prophets. Kregel Exegetical Library. Kregel Academic. p. 13. ISBN 978-0825444593.
  16. ^ Hosea 4:6 NKJV
  17. ^ a b c Joseph S. Exell; Henry Donald Maurice Spence-Jones (Editors). The Pulpit Commentary. 23 volumes. First publication: 1890.Public Domain This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  18. ^ Barnes, Albert. Notes on the Old Testament. London, Blackie & Son, 1884. Reprint, Grand Rapids: Baker Books, 1998.Public Domain This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  19. ^ John Gill. John Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible. Exposition of the Old and New Testament. Published in 1746-1763.Public Domain This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.

Sources

External links

Jewish

Christian

Book of Hosea
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