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((Short description|Type of legislative assembly))
((For multi|the lower house of the Parliament of the United Kingdom|House of Commons of the United Kingdom|the lower house of the Parliament of Canada|House of Commons of Canada))

[[File:The Irish House of Commons in 1780 by Francis Wheatley.jpg|thumb|The [[Irish House of Commons]], the first purpose-built House of Commons chamber in the world. Painted c. 1780.]]
The '''House of Commons''' is the name for the elected [[lower house]] of the [[Bicameralism|bicameral]] [[parliament]]s of the United Kingdom and Canada. In both of these countries, the Commons holds much more legislative power than the nominally [[upper house]] of parliament. The leader of the majority party in the House of Commons by convention becomes the [[prime minister]]. Other parliaments have also had a lower house called the "House of Commons".

==History and naming==
[[File:House of Commons Chamber 1.png|thumb|right|The British House of Commons chamber in London]]
The [[House of Commons of England|House of Commons of the Kingdom of England]] evolved from an undivided parliament to serve as the voice of the tax-paying subjects of the [[Ceremonial counties of England|counties]] and the [[borough constituency|boroughs]]. [[Knight of the shire|Knights of the shire]], elected from each county, were usually landowners, while the borough members were often from the merchant classes. These members represented subjects of [[the Crown]] who were not Lords Temporal or Spiritual, who themselves sat in the [[House of Lords]]. The House of Commons gained its name because it represented communities (''communes'').<ref>[[A. F. Pollard]], ''The Evolution of Parliament'' (Longmans, 1920), 107–08.</ref> 

From the [[Middle Ages]] until the early 20th century the suffrage was limited in various ways, typically to some male property-owners; in 1780 just 3% of the population could vote.<ref>((cite web |url=http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/pathways/citizenship/struggle_democracy/getting_vote.htm |title=The Struggle for Democracy: Getting the vote – Voting rights before 1832|website=UK National Archives|access-date= 8 May 2019))</ref> Since the 19th century, the British and Canadian Houses of Commons have become increasingly representative (see [[Reform Acts]]), as [[suffrage]] has been extended.  Both bodies are now elected via [[universal suffrage|universal adult suffrage]].<ref name=":5">((citation |last=Johnston |first=Neil |title=The History of the Parliamentary Franchise |date=2013 |url=http://researchbriefings.parliament.uk/ResearchBriefing/Summary/RP13-14 |access-date=16 March 2016 |publisher=House of Commons Library))</ref><ref>Briggs, Asa ''The Age of Improvement 1783-1867'' (1959)</ref><ref>Woodward, Llewellan. ''The Age of Reform, 1815–1870'' (2nd ed. 1961)</ref>

== Specific bodies ==
[[File:House of Common, Parliament Canada.jpg|thumb|The Canadian House of Commons on [[Parliament Hill]] in Ottawa]]

=== British Isles ===

==== Westminster ====
* [[Kingdom of England]]: the [[House of Commons of England]] (met at the [[Palace of Westminster]], [[London]]) sat from 1295 to 1706
* [[Kingdom of Great Britain]]: the [[House of Commons of Great Britain]] (at the Palace of Westminster) 1707 to 1801
* The '''[[House of Commons of the United Kingdom]]''' (at the Palace of Westminster) since 1801

==== Dublin ====
* [[Kingdom of Ireland]]: [[Irish House of Commons|House of Commons of Ireland]] (at various locations in [[Dublin]]: [[Dublin Castle]], [[The King's Hospital|Bluecoat School]], [[Irish Houses of Parliament|Irish Parliament House]]) 1297 to 1801
* [[Southern Ireland (1921–22)|Southern Ireland]]: [[House of Commons of Southern Ireland]] (at [[Government Buildings]], Dublin) 1921 to 1922

==== Belfast ====
* [[Northern Ireland]]: [[House of Commons of Northern Ireland]] (at [[Parliament Buildings (Northern Ireland)|Parliament Buildings]] (Stormont), [[Belfast]]) 1921 to 1972

=== Canada ===
* The '''[[House of Commons of Canada]]''' on [[Parliament Hill]], in [[Ottawa]], [[Ontario]] since 1867

=== United States ===
* The [[lower house]] of the [[North Carolina General Assembly|General Assembly]] of [[North Carolina]] was also known as the House of Commons between 1760 and 1868, when it was renamed the [[North Carolina House of Representatives|House of Representatives]].

==See also==
* [[House of Assembly]]
* [[Legislative Assembly]]
* [[National Assembly]]
* [[Lok Sabha]]
* [[House of Representatives]]
* [[House of Lords]]

==References==
((Reflist))

((authority control))

[[Category:Legislatures]]
[[Category:Westminster system]]

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