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((Short description|Cadet branch of the House of Württemberg))
((Royal house||surname=House of Urach|estate=Kingdom of Lithuania|coat of arms=[[File:Wappen des Herzogs von Urach.svg|200px]]|country=Germany and [[Kingdom of Lithuania (1918)|Lithuania]]|parent house=[[House of Württemberg]]|titles=* [[List of Lithuanian monarchs|King of Lithuania]]
* [[Duke of Urach]]
* Prince (''[[Fürst]]'') of Urach
* [[Count of Württemberg]]|final ruler=<div style="font-size:100%">Lithuania:</div> [[Mindaugas II]] (1918)|founding year=1867 – [[Wilhelm, Duke of Urach]], younger surviving son of [[Duke William Frederick Philip of Württemberg|Duke Wilhelm of Württemberg]], younger brother of King Frederick I of Württemberg. Roots: 1024 (as [[Württemberg]]).|nationality=German and Lithuanian (1918).))
The '''House of Urach''' is a [[morganatic marriage|morganatic]] [[cadet branch]] of the formerly royal [[House of Württemberg]]. Although the Württemberg dynasty was one of many reigning over small realms in Germany into the 20th century, and despite the fact that marital ''mésalliances'' in these dynasties usually disinherited the descendants thereof, the Dukes of Urach unusually managed to elicit consideration for candidacy for the thrones of several European states, ''[[viz.]]'' the [[Kingdom of Württemberg]], the abortive [[Kingdom of Lithuania (1918)|Kingdom of Lithuania]], the [[Principality of Monaco]] and even the [[Principality of Albania]]. Although none of these prospects came to fruition, they reflected monarchical attempts to accommodate the rapid shifts in national allegiance, regime and international alliances that intensified throughout the 19th century, leading up to and following Europe's [[World War I|Great War]] of 1914–1918.

==Origins==
===Medieval((anchor|Counts of Urach))===
The comital House of Urach were part of [[Duchy of Swabia|Swabian]] nobility in the 12th to 13th centuries, with their ancestral seat at [[Bad Urach|Urach]].

The first mention of the name dates to the early 11th century, with the brothers Egino and Rudolf, whose seat was at [[Dettingen an der Erms|Dettingen]]. Older historiography points to an origin of the name in the given name ''Unruoch'', possibly [[Unruoch III of Friuli|Unruoch III]] (d. 874) of the [[Unruochings]].
More recent literature prefers an origin of the name in toponymy, derived from of [[Aura an der Saale|Aura]].<ref>Hans Jänichen, "Die Grafen von Urach", ''Alemannisches Jahrbuch'', 1976/78, 1–15.</ref>
The two brothers built [[Achalm Castle]] circa 1050. Rudolf and his heirs form the lineage of the Counts of [[Achalm]], while Egino's heirs (either Egino II or III), in the 12th century, built another castle in the upper [[Erms]] valley (now [[Bad Urach]]).

After the extinction of the [[Zähringer]] line in 1218, Egino IV inherited parts of their possessions due to his 1180 marriage to Agnes of Zähringen. Egino V won a dispute over further parts of the Zähringen inheritance, and he moved his seat to Freiburg where he ruled as Egino I, [[counts of Freiburg|count of Freiburg]]. Egino V (I) and his brothers supported the rebellion [[Henry (VII) of Germany|Henry VII of Germany]] but were beaten in battle in 1235. The counts of Urach declined in the 1250s; their line became extinct in 1261; their territories were incorporated into the [[County of Württemberg]].

===Modern===
The title of count or duke of Urach was revived in the 18th and 19th centuries for [[Morganatic marriage|morganatic]] lineages of the [[House of Württemberg]].

In the early modern period, the [[Duchy of Württemberg]] often found itself in the [[theatre (warfare)|theatre of war]] as French and Austrian armies fought to extend the hegemony of the rival houses of [[House of Bourbon|Bourbon]] and [[House of Habsburg|Habsburg]] on the European continent. During the 17th and 18th centuries the duchy resisted repeated French invasions.<ref>Britannica.com, [http://global.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/650072/House-of-Wurttemberg House of Württemberg], Encyclopædia Britannica. retrieved 14 August 2014.</ref>

Although [[Frederick I of Württemberg|Duke Frederick III]] was nominally a subject of the [[Francis I of Austria|Holy Roman Emperor Francis II]], as an ally of [[Napoleon I]] he assumed the higher title of [[Prince Elector|Elector]] in 1803, and when the [[Holy Roman Empire]] was abolished in 1806 leaving the [[Duchy of Württemberg]] without a [[suzerain]], the Elector embraced complete independence, assuming the title [[Kingdom of Württemberg|King of Württemberg]].

The [[Kingdom of Württemberg]] survived until 1918 as part of the [[Confederation of the Rhine]] and later the [[German Empire]], and was ruled by four kings: 
# [[Frederick I of Württemberg|Frederick I]] (1806–1816) 
# [[William I of Württemberg|William I]] (1816–1864)
# [[Karl I of Württemberg|Charles I]] (1864–1891) 
# [[Wilhelm II of Württemberg|William II]] (1891–1918)

The House of Urach was founded by the secret marriage of [[Duke William Frederick Philip of Württemberg|Duke Wilhelm of Württemberg]] (1761–1830), a younger brother of the reigning Duke [[Frederick I of Württemberg|Frederick III (later King Frederick I)]], with Wilhelmine Rhodis von Tunderfeld (1777-1822) at [[Coswig, Anhalt|Coswig]], [[Anhalt]] on 28 August 1800. Although she signed the wedding contract as "Baroness von Tunderfeld-Rhodis", the bride's father Karl August Rhodis held no barony, and his family had assumed ''[[Burgrave]] von Tunderfeld'' as a [[hereditary title]] since an ancestor had once held the post of burgrave at [[Narva]].<ref name="huberty">((cite book |title=''L'Allemagne Dynastique, Tome II'' |publisher=Laballery |author1=Huberty, Michel |author2=Giraud, Alain |author3=Magdelaine, F. |author4=B. |year=1979 |location=France |pages=474, 477–478, 498–500, 511, 526–527, 535, 541–542, 544, 548–549 |language=French |isbn=2-901138-02-0))</ref> Although by dynastic arrangement Duke Wilhelm's wife was officially recognised as a Württemberg princess on 30 April 1801 and the marriage was acknowledged publicly on 1 August 1801,<ref name="huberty"/> Duke Wilhelm's formal renunciation of his dynastic rights in Württemberg was also accepted on the latter date.<ref name="ghda">''Genealogisches Handbuch des Adels, Fürstliche Häuser'' XVIII. "Urach". C.A. Starke Verlag, 2007, pp. 120, 430-438. ((ISBN|978-3-7980-0841-0)).</ref> The male-line, non-dynastic descendants of this marriage constitute the House of Urach.

==Members of the family==
However, not all of the issue of the marriage were recognised as princes or dukes. Initially, the children of this marriage were accorded only the title ''Count/Countess von Württemberg''.<ref name="huberty"/> The eldest son, Count Alexander (1801-1844), married Countess Ilona [[Festetics family|Festetics von Tolna]] in 1832 (daughter of the [[Croatia]]n Count Ladislas Festetics von Tolna (1785–1846) and his wife, born [[Hermann, Prince of Hohenzollern-Hechingen#Marriages and issue|Princess Josephine of Hohenzollern-Hechingen]]). The last of his four children died in 1911, the two sons leaving no issue to bear the Württemberg [[Graf|comital]] title.<ref name="huberty"/>

Alexander's sister Marie (1815-1866) was Countess von Württemberg until her marriage in 1842, and she became Countess von Taubenheim.<ref name="huberty"/>

King Frederick and Duke Wilhelm's youngest brother, [[Frederick II Eugene, Duke of Wurttemberg#Marriage and children|Duke Karl Heinrich of Württemberg]] (1772–1838), also married morganatically, under the alias "Count von Sontheim" in 1798, with Christiane-Caroline Alexei (d. 1838), who received from the King, along with her children, the titles ''Baroness/Baron von Hochberg und Rottenburg'' in 1807 and, in 1825, ''Countess/Count von Württemberg''. The two surviving daughters, Marie (1802-1882) and Alexandrine (1803-1884), married, respectively, Karl, Prince of [[Hohenlohe-Kirchberg]] in 1821 and Charles, Count Arpeau de Gallatin in 1830.<ref name="huberty"/>

==Dukes==
Count Wilhelm von Württemberg (1810-1869), Duke Wilhelm's third son, would become the first Duke von Urach in 1867 and ancestor of the current princely Urach line. Although both of his marriages were to dynastic princesses, he wed them as a count, marrying [[Théodolinde de Beauharnais|Théodelinde de Beauharnais, Princess of Leuchtenburg]] (1814–1857) in 1841 and [[Princess Florestine of Monaco]] (1833–1897) in 1863.<ref name="huberty"/>

Following the 1863 marriage of the widowed Count Wilhelm von Württemberg to Princess Florestine, sister of [[Charles III, Prince of Monaco|Prince Charles III of Monaco]] (1818–1889) and second in the [[line of succession to the Monegasque throne]] after her nephew, [[Albert I, Prince of Monaco|Hereditary Prince Albert]] (1848–1922), Count Wilhelm took up residence in [[Monte Carlo]] while retaining property in Württemberg. On 28 May 1867, King Karl raised his cousin, Count Wilhelm, to [[Herzog|Duke]] of Urach in the nobility of Württemberg. [[Bad Urach|Urach]] had been an hereditary [[fief]] of the family for centuries, whose [[territorial designation]] the new duke would bear without thereby acquiring any actual prerogatives or property in Urach or Württemberg.<ref name="ghda"/> Although the new ducal house remained ineligible to succeed to the crown of the Kingdom of Württemberg, it could succeed to that of the [[Principality of Monaco]].<ref>Liudvikas Jakavicius-Grimalauskas, [http://en.delfi.lt/52047/the-history-of-the-house-of-urach-the-last-lithuanian-royal-family-201352047/The history of the House of Urach – the last Lithuanian royal family]((Dead link|date=January 2020 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes )), The Lithuania Tribune, DELFI.LT.</ref>

The 2nd Duke von Urach, [[Wilhelm Karl, Duke of Urach|Wilhelm]], who first married [[Duchess Amalie in Bavaria]] (1865–1912) in 1892 and then [[Ludwig III of Bavaria#Marriage and children|Princess Wiltrud of Bavaria]] (1884-1975) in 1924, not only came close to wearing the crown of Lithuania, but lost the prospect of the Monegasque throne in the [[Monaco Succession Crisis of 1918]]. Given that his kinsmen the [[Duke of Teck|Dukes of Teck]] had been [[United Kingdom|Anglicized]], he might have been next in the line of succession to inherit the Kingdom of Württemberg in 1921 after the death of its last king, William II, had morganatic status not been a hindrance, and had the monarchy not been abolished in 1918. In 1913, Wilhelm had been one of several princes considered for the throne of [[Albania]],<ref>Arben Puto, ''L'indépendance albanaise et la diplomatie des grandes puissances: 1912–1914'' (Tirana: Editions "8 Nëntori", 1982), 456.</ref> which, despite support for Wilhelm from Catholic groups in the north, was conferred instead upon Prince [[William of Wied]] in 1914.

The current and 5th duke (according to the 1867 grant) is [[Wilhelm Albert, Duke of Urach]] (b. 1957), who since 1991 has been married to Karen von Brauchitsch (''[[Graf]]in'' Berghe von Trips, by 1988 adoption). They have a son, Prince Karl-Philipp (born 1992) and two daughters. Wilhelm inherited the dukedom from his brother, the 4th Duke Karl Anselm (born 1955), who renounced the title on 16 February 1991, a few weeks after his marriage to Saskia [[Wüsthof]]. Their uncle, [[Karl Gero, Duke of Urach|Karl Gero]] (1899–1981), had been the 3rd Duke, but left no children. He had been preceded in the title by his father Duke Wilhem (1864-1928), his elder brother [[Wilhelm von Urach|Prince Wilhelm]] (1897-1957) having renounced his right of succession in January 1928 to marry Elisabeth Theurer.

==Property==
[[File:Schloss Lichtenstein 04-2010.jpg|thumb|[[Lichtenstein Castle (Württemberg)]], reconstructed in 1840 by [[Wilhelm, Duke of Urach|Wilhelm, 1st Duke of Urach]]]]
The House of Urach established three ''[[Fee tail#Comparable devices in other legal systems|Familienfideikommissen]]'' during its history: the Württemberg Countship Trust for the Counts of Württemberg, the Urach Ducal Trust for the Dukes of Urach, and the Urach Princely Trust for Prince Karl of Urach (1865-1925), the younger son of Duke Wilhelm who was not expected to inherit his father's dukedom and who died childless.<ref name="merk">Landesarchive Baden-Wurttemberg. [https://www2.landesarchiv-bw.de/ofs21/olf/einfueh.php?bestand=19956 Historical Outline and Content of the GU 10 File: Pooled Documents for Asset Management of the House of Urach]. Eberhard Merk. Stuttgart. 2011. retrieved 17 August 2014.</ref>

The comital trust was set up in October 1837, originally for the brothers Count Alexander (1801-1844) and Count Wilhelm (1810-1869, later 1st Duke of Urach), funded by an inheritance from a childless uncle, [[Duke Ferdinand Frederick Augustus of Württemberg|Duke Ferdinand of Württemberg]] (1763–1834), as stipulated in his will.<ref name="merk"/> Still extant, although subject to substantial modern legal restrictions, the ducal trust came to include, besides liquid assets, several castles, town houses, farmlands, hunting grounds, commercial and rental buildings, and other property in Germany, France and Monaco, notably [[Lichtenstein Castle (Württemberg)|Lichtenstein Castle]] which remains the hereditary seat of the dukes.<ref name="merk"/>

Like the ducal trust, the title ''Duke of Urach'' was hereditary by [[agnatic primogeniture]] in the legitimate descent of the first duke, with [[cadet (genealogy)|cadets]] and females bearing the title of ''Prince/Princess of Urach'' (the royal [[letters patent]] mandated use of the term ''[[Fürst|Fürst/Fürstin]]'' for "Prince/Princess" rather than the term ''Prinz/Prinzessin''.<ref name= "ghda"/> Although both words translate as "prince" in English, ''Fürst'', when used for cadets and not referring to a reigning sovereign, indicates noble rather than dynastic status, whereas ''Prinz'' was usually confined in use to cadets of ruling and [[German mediatisation|mediatized]] families). In Württemberg, only dynasts descended in male-line from the nation's kings were titled ''Prinz'', while those descending from the first king's brothers remained dukes).<ref name="huberty"/> The name and title ''Count/Countess von Württemberg'' was explicitly preserved for the Urach dukes and princes rather than being replaced by the higher titles.<ref name="huberty"/>

==Lithuania==
((main|Monarchy of Lithuania))
Despite being ineligible to reign in Germany, in 1918 the House of Urach was invited to rule another country – the [[Kingdom of Lithuania (1918)|Kingdom of Lithuania]]. On June 4, 1918, the ''[[Council of Lithuania|Taryba]]'' voted to offer the Lithuanian throne to the German prince Wilhelm, 2nd Duke of Urach. He was elected on 11 July 1918 and accepted, taking the name of [[Mindaugas II]], King of Lithuania.<ref>Liudvikas Jakavicius-Grimalauskas, [http://www.kulturosbarai.lt/archyvas/ Princas Inigo von Urachas jaučia pareigą padėti lietuvai], Kulturos barai Magazine No. 4 (year 2013) pages 17, 18, 19 and 20</ref>

The Kingdom of Lithuania was a short-lived constitutional monarchy created toward the end of World War I when Lithuania was part of the German Empire. The ''Taryba'' declared Lithuania's independence on February 16, 1918, but was unable to form a government, police, or other state institutions due to the continued presence of German troops.

The Germans presented various proposals to incorporate Lithuania into an expanded German Empire. The Lithuanians resisted this idea and hoped to preserve their independence by creating a separate [[constitutional monarchy]], so they invited Prince Wilhelm of Urach to become their king.

The reign of Mindaugas II was accepted by the Catholic Church and by several European countries, as is seen in the letter from [[Pope Benedict XV]] welcoming Wilhelm's selection as the future King of Lithuania. Such authoritative registers as the ''[[Almanach de Gotha]]'' also acknowledged the new monarchy.

===Rules of succession===
((More citations needed|date=April 2022))
According to the rules of the old House of Urach and to the requirements imposed by the ''[[Council of Lithuania|Taryba]]'' in 1918, the Head of the House of Urach and of Lithuanian monarchy must: 
*be firstborn in the male line; 
*((Citation needed span|document no fewer than 32 noble [[Quartering (heraldry)|quarters]] in ancestry;|date=April 2022)) 
*marry or issue from no morganatic marriage with a commoner or a noblewoman of fewer than 32 noble quarters;<ref name=":0">((Cite web|last=Caputo|first=Salvatore|title=The Monarchy in Lithuania: History, Rights and Prospects|url=https://www.nobledynasty.com/Booklets/The%20Monarchy%20in%20Lithuania.pdf))</ref>((unreliable source?|date=April 2022)) 
*hold military rank; 
*undertake to learn the [[Lithuanian language]]; 
*reside in Lithuania.

Succession to the throne of Lithuania was to be hereditary in the House of Urach. [[Prince Inigo, Duke of Urach|Prince Inigo von Urach]] (b. 1962, brother of Duke Wilhelm Albert) has been recognised by some monarchists as the rightful claimant.<ref>((Cite web|url=https://vilnews.com/2013-05-19052|access-date=2021-04-01))</ref>((unreliable source?|date=April 2022)) Although born the youngest of five children, Prince Inigo is the only one of three brothers alleged to comply with all the requirements to become King of Lithuania (House of Urach rules + ''Taryba'' rules): His wife, Baroness Danielle von und zu Bodman (b. 1963), belongs to a ''[[Uradel]]'' family whose nobility in [[Swabia]] has been authenticated back to 1152, and whose mother, born Isabelle de Guyard, Countess von Saint Julien von und zu Wallsee is a direct descendant of Pierre Guyard ([[fl.]] 1418), to which family had belonged the [[Crusades|crusader]] Guillaume Guyard who flourished in 1280, the family being made [[Imperial count]]s in 1627.<ref name="enache">Enache, Nicolas. ''La Descendance de Marie-Therese de Habsburg''. ICC, Paris, 1996. pp. 438, 485, 492. (French). ((ISBN|2-908003-04-X))</ref> The couple wed civilly 21 September 1991, their elder son, Eberhard, being born in 1990 and the younger, Anselm, on 29 November 1992.<ref name="ghda"/>

While Duke Karl Anselm renounced his succession to marry morganatically, the current Duke Wilhelm Albert was unconvinced as to whether his own marriage to Karen von Brauchitsch-Berghe von Trips was also ((Citation needed span|morganatic as she did not meet the immediate requirement of 32 noble ancestors.|date=December 2022)) The brothers ultimately agreed that Wilhelm Albert would remain head of the House of Urach in Germany while Inigo would be head of the House in Lithuania.<ref name=":0" />

===Ancestors of the House of Urach===
{| class="wikitable"
|+'''Family Tree of the Last Lithuanian Royal Family'''
|-
|-
| rowspan="8" align="center"| '''[[Prince Inigo, Duke of Urach and Count of Württemberg|Prince Inigo von Urach]] <br> ((Citation needed span|(current Head of the House of Urach in Lithuania)|date=April 2022))'''
| rowspan="4" align="center"| '''Father:'''<br />Prince Eberhard of Urach 
| rowspan="2" align="center"| '''Paternal Grandfather:'''<br />[[Mindaugas II]] ([[Monarchy of Lithuania|King of Lithuania]])
| align="center"| '''Paternal Great-grandfather:'''<br />[[Wilhelm, 1st Duke of Urach]]
|-
| align="center"| '''Paternal Great-grandmother:'''<br />[[Princess Florestine of Monaco]]
|-
| rowspan="2" align="center"| '''Paternal Grandmother:'''<br /> [[Duchess Amalie in Bavaria]]
| align="center"| '''Paternal Great-grandfather:'''<br />[[Karl Theodor, Duke in Bavaria]]
|-
| align="center"| '''Paternal Great-grandmother:'''<br />[[Princess Sophie of Saxony]]
|-
| rowspan="4" align="center"| '''Mother:'''<br />Princess Iniga of Thurn and Taxis
| rowspan="2" align="center"| '''Maternal Grandfather:'''<br />[[Prince Ludwig Philipp of Thurn and Taxis]]
| align="center"| '''Maternal Great-grandfather:'''<br />[[Albert, 8th Prince of Thurn and Taxis]]
|-
| align="center"| '''Maternal Great-grandmother:'''<br />[[Archduchess Margarethe Klementine of Austria]]
|-
| rowspan="2" align="center"| '''Maternal Grandmother:'''<br />[[Princess Elisabeth of Luxembourg (1901–1950)]]
| align="center"| '''Maternal Great-grandfather:'''<br />[[William IV, Grand Duke of Luxembourg]]
|-
| align="center"| '''Maternal Great-grandmother:'''<br />[[Infanta Marie Anne of Portugal]]
|}

==References==
((Reflist))
((Royal houses of Lithuania))

((Authority control))

[[Category:House of Urach| ]]
[[Category:Lithuanian monarchy]]
[[Category:Royal houses of the Kingdom of Lithuania]]
[[Category:1867 establishments in Germany]]

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Module:Pagetype (view source) (protected)
Module:Pagetype/config (view source) (protected)
Module:Pagetype/disambiguation (view source) (protected)
Module:Pagetype/setindex (view source) (protected)
Module:Pagetype/softredirect (view source) (protected)
Module:SDcat (view source) (protected)
Module:String (view source) (protected)
Module:TableTools (view source) (protected)
Module:Unsubst (view source) (protected)
Module:Wikitext Parsing (view source) (protected)
Module:Yesno (view source) (protected)

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