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((Short description|1914 class of British monitors))
((Use dmy dates|date=May 2017))
((Use British English|date=May 2017))
((more citations needed|date=February 2013))

{|((Infobox ship begin))
((Infobox ship image
|Ship image=HMS Severn (monitor).jpg
|Ship caption=HMS ''Severn'' off East Africa, 1917
))
((Infobox ship class overview
|Name=''Humber'' class
|Builders=[[Vickers]], Barrow in Furness
|Operators=*((navy|United Kingdom))
*((Flagicon image|Naval Jack of Brazil.svg|size=23px)) [[Brazilian Navy]] (intended) 
|Class before=
|Class after=((sclass|Abercrombie|monitor|4))
|Subclasses=
|Cost=£155,000 (equivalent to £12.5MM in 2008)
|Built range=
|In service range= 1914-1920  
|In commission range=  
|Total ships building= 
|Total ships planned=
|Total ships completed=3
|Total ships cancelled=
|Total ships active=
|Total ships laid up=
|Total ships lost=
|Total ships retired=3
|Total ships preserved=
))
((Infobox ship characteristics
|Hide header=
|Header caption= 
|Ship type=[[Monitor (warship)|Monitor]]
|Ship tonnage=
|Ship displacement=*((convert|1,260|LT|t|0|lk=on|abbr=on)) standard
*((convert|1,520|LT|t|0|abbr=on)) full load
|Ship length=((convert|266.75|ft|m|1|abbr=on))
|Ship beam=((convert|49|ft|m|1|abbr=on))
|Ship draught=((convert|5.6|ft|m|1|abbr=on))
|Ship power=
|Ship propulsion=*2 shaft [[triple expansion engine]]s
*2 [[Yarrow boiler]]s
*((convert|1450|ihp|abbr=on))
|Ship speed=((convert|12|kn|km/h|0)) designed, ((convert|9.5|kn|km/h|0)) in practice
|Ship range=((convert|1650|nmi|km)) at ((convert|8|kn|km/h))
|Ship complement=
|Ship time to activate=
|Ship sensors=
|Ship EW=
|Ship armament=* 2 × [[BL 6 inch naval guns Mk XIII - XVIII#6-inch Mark XIV and XV guns in Royal Navy service|((convert|6|in|mm|0|adj=on)) guns]] in one twin turret
* 2 × ((convert|4.7|in|mm|0|adj=on)) howitzers
* 4 × 3-pounder (47mm) guns
* 1 × 3-pounder (47mm) AA gun
* 6 × [[machine gun]]s
 
|Ship armour=* [[Belt armor|Belt]]: ((convert|3|-|1.5|in|mm|abbr=on))
* [[Bulkhead (partition)|Bulkheads]]: ((convert|1.5|in|mm|abbr=on))
* [[Barbette]]: ((convert|3.5|in|mm|abbr=on))
* [[Gun turret|Turret face]]: ((convert|4|in|mm|abbr=on))
|
|Ship aircraft=
|Ship aircraft facilities=
|Ship notes=''Mersey'' and ''Severn'' had a turret replaced by two single 6-inch guns in open shielded mountings, ''Humber'' had an extra 6-inch gun fitted aft retaining turret
))
|}

The '''''Humber''-class monitors''' were three large gunboats under construction for the [[Brazilian Navy]] in Britain in 1913. Designed for service on the [[Amazon River]], the ships were of shallow draft and heavy armament and were ideally suited to inshore, riverine and coastal work but unsuitable for service at sea, where their weight and light draft reduced their speed from a projected twelve knots to under four. The class comprised ((HMS|Humber|1914|2)), ((HMS|Mersey|1914|2)) and ((HMS|Severn|1914|2)). All three were taken over by the [[Royal Navy]] shortly before the outbreak of the [[First World War]] and were commissioned as small [[monitor (warship)|monitors]]. All three saw extensive service during the war and were sold in 1919.

==Construction==
The three ''Humber''-class monitors were originally ordered for the Brazilian Navy as the ''Javary''-class gunboats intended for inshore work on the River Amazon and its tributaries. Ordered from the [[Vickers Limited]] shipyard at Barrow-in-Furness, the three ships were launched by 1913 and were undergoing sea trials when the Brazilian government informed Vickers that they would not be able to pay for the warships. Vickers attempted to find a foreign buyer for the boats and the British government stepped in to purchase the gunboats on 4 August 1914 for £155,000 each in order to prevent them being bought by a neutral navy and then sold on to Germany.

==War service==
The ships were stationed at [[Dover]] for service in the [[English Channel]], attached to the Dover Monitor Squadron. During the [[Battle of the Frontiers]] and subsequent operations in 1914, the ''Humber''-class monitors were all employed in bombarding German batteries and positions, under the command of [[Rear-Admiral]] [[Horace Hood]].

''Severn'' and ''Mersey''(('))s guns soon wore out, and they were each re-armed with a single 6-inch Mk VII gun stripped from the wreck of ((HMS|Montagu|1901|2)), a [[battleship]] which had been wrecked on the Isle of [[Lundy]] in 1906. ''Humber'' retained her twin gun turret throughout the war, with guns being replaced by refurbished guns removed from the other two ships as needed.

During early 1915 ''Mersey'' and ''Severn'' were dispatched to [[German East Africa]], where the German [[cruiser]] ((SMS|Königsberg|1905|2)) was hidden in the [[Rufiji River|Rufiji Delta]]. Only the long-range guns of the shallow-draft monitors could reach the hidden cruiser, and although the journey to East Africa took nearly six months under tow from [[Malta]], the monitors were ultimately successful in destroying the German ship, their shells directed by two seaplane observers.

For the remainder of the war, all three ships participated in further attacks on German-held territory, ''Humber'' (which had been sent to the [[Dardanelles]] in 1915) in the Mediterranean and ''Mersey'' and ''Severn'' in [[German East Africa]], where they operated against German positions in the colony. In 1918, ''Mersey'' and ''Severn'' were transferred to the Mediterranean as well.<ref>http://www.naval-history.net/WWINavyBritishShips-Dittmar2.htm ((Dead link|date=July 2015))</ref>

==''Humber''-class monitors==
*((HMS|Humber|1914|6)) (ex-''Javary''); commissioned 1914, served in Dover Monitor Squadron, then in Mediterranean. Battle Honors: Belgian Coast 1914, Dardanelles 1915. Sold 17 September 1921 to F. Rijsdijk for use as a crane lighter.<ref>http://www.naval-history.net/WWINavyBritishShips-Dittmar1.htm ((Dead link|date=July 2015))</ref>
*((HMS|Mersey|1914|6)) (ex-''Madeira''); commissioned 1914, served in Dover Monitor Squadron and off the Rufiji Delta, ending war in the Mediterranean. Battle Honors: Belgian Coast 1914, Action v. SMS ''Königsberg'' 11 July 1915. Sold 9 May 1921 to [[Thos. W. Ward]], broken up 1923.<ref>http://www.naval-history.net/WWINavyBritishShips-Dittmar2,htm ((Dead link|date=July 2015))</ref> 
*((HMS|Severn|1914|6)) (ex-''Solimoes''); commissioned 1914, served in Dover Monitor Squadron and off the Rufiji Delta, ending war in Mediterranean. Battle Honors: Belgian Coast 1914, Action v. SMS ''Königsberg'' 11 July 1915. Sold 9 May 1921 to [[Thos. W. Ward]], broken up 1923.<ref>http://www.naval-history.net/WWINavyBritishShips-Dittmar2.htm((Dead link|date=July 2015))</ref>

== References ==
===Citations===
((reflist))

===References===
* ((cite book <!-- ((sfn|Bacon |1919|loc=vol. x, p. x)) -->  |last=Bacon |first=Reginald |author-link=Reginald Bacon |title=The Dover Patrol 1915-1917 |year=1919 |others=(2 vols.) |publisher=George H. Doran Co. |location=New York))&nbsp;[https://archive.org/stream/doverpatrol01bacogoog#page/n6/mode/2up Vol. 1] • [https://archive.org/stream/doverpatrol00bacogoog#page/n10/mode/2up Vol. 2]
*((cite book |last1=Buxton |first1=Ian |title=Big Gun Monitors: Design, Construction and Operations 1914–1945 |location=Barnsley, UK |publisher=Seaforth Publishing |year=2008 |orig-year=1978 |edition=2nd Revised |isbn=978-1-84415-719-8 ))
*((cite book |last1=Crossley |first1=Jim |title=Monitors of the Royal Navy; How the Fleet Brought the Great Guns to Bear |location=Barnsley, UK |publisher=Pen & Sword |year=2013 |isbn=978-1-78383-004-6 ))
*Dittmar, F. J. & Colledge, J. J., "British Warships 1914-1919", (Ian Allan, London, 1972), ((ISBN|0-7110-0380-7))
*((cite book |last1=Dunn |first1=Steve R |title=Securing the Narrow Sea: The Dover Patrol 1914–1918 |location=Barnsley, UK |publisher=Seaforth Publishing |year=2017 |isbn=978-1-84832-251-6 ))
* ((cite book|last=Friedman|first=Norman|title=Naval Weapons of World War One: Guns, Torpedoes, Mines and ASW Weapons of All Nations; An Illustrated Directory|publisher= Seaforth Publishing|location=Barnsley|year=2011|isbn=978-1-84832-100-7 |author-link=Norman Friedman))
*Gray, Randal (ed), "Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1906–1921", (Conway Maritime Press, London, 1985), ((ISBN|0-85177-245-5))
*((cite book |year=1969 |orig-year=First published 1919 |editor1-last=Parkes |editor1-first=Oscar |editor2-last=Prendergast |editor2-first=Maurice |title=Jane's Fighting Ships 1919 |journal=Fighting Ships |url=https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/012202881 |location=New York |publisher=Arco Publishing Co |isbn=978-0-71534-716-4 |oclc=1902851 |access-date=23 December 2019 ))

==External links==
((Commons category|Humber class monitor))

((Humber class monitor))
((WWI British ships))

[[Category:Humber-class monitors| ]]
[[Category:Monitor classes]]
[[Category:Riverine warfare]]
[[Category:Ship classes of the Royal Navy]]

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