Hwasong-7[1]
TypeMobile medium-range ballistic missile
Place of originNorth Korea
Service history
In service1998–present[2]
Used by
Production history
ManufacturerNorth Korea
Produced1990–present[3]
Specifications
Length15.6 m[4]
Diameter1.25 m[4]
Warhead
Warhead weight650–1,200 kg (est.)[2][5]
EngineLiquid
PropellantUDMH/AK27[6]
Operational
range
1,000–1,500 km (est.)[7][5]
Flight altitude160 km if in lofted trajectory which reduces the operating range to 650 km[8]
Guidance
system
Inertial
AccuracyNodong-1 2,000–4,000 m CEP[9] Nodong-2 250–500 m CEP[5]

The Hwasong-7[10] (Korean: 《화성-7》형; Hanja: 火星 7型; spelled Hwaseong-7 in South Korea, lit. Mars Type 7), also known as Nodong-1 (Hangul: 로동(North),노동(South) 1호; Hanja: 蘆洞 1號), is a single-stage, mobile liquid propellant medium-range ballistic missile developed by North Korea. Developed in the mid-1980s, it is a scaled up adaptation of the Soviet R-17 Elbrus missiles, more commonly known by its NATO reporting name "Scud". Inventory is estimated to be around 200–300 missiles.[11] US Air Force National Air and Space Intelligence Center estimates that as of June 2017 fewer than 100 launchers were operationally deployed.[7]

One variant Rodong-1M is called Hwasong-9.[12]

It influenced the design of Pakistan's Ghauri-1 missile,[13] as well as the Iranian Shahab-3.[14][15]

Overview

Estimated maximum range of some North Korean missiles[16]

It is believed North Korea obtained R-17 designs from Egypt, and possibly modified designs from China, allowing them to reverse-engineer them into a larger and longer-distance weapon. United States reconnaissance satellites first detected this type in May 1990 at the Musudan-ri test launch facility, in northeastern North Korea.[17]

The precise capabilities and specifications of the missile are unknown; even the fact of its production and deployment are controversial. It is a larger variant of the R-17, scaled up so its cross-sectional area is about doubled, with a diameter of 1,250 millimetres (4 ft) and a length of 15,600 millimetres (51.2 ft).[4]

Its aerodynamic design is stable, reducing the need for modern active stabilization systems while the missile is flying in the denser lower atmosphere. It can only be fueled when vertical, therefore it cannot be fueled before transport as is normal for modern missiles.[4] Its range is estimated as 900 km (960 mi) with a 1,000 kg payload[4] to a range of between 1,000 km to 1,500 km.[2] North Korea test-fired three Hwasong-7 missiles consecutively on 5 September 2016 and they all flew for about 1000 km, landing in the Japan air defense identification zone.[18]

It has an estimated circular error probable (CEP) of one or two kilometers.[19] North Korea is believed to possess some 300 Hwasong-7 missiles[20] and fewer than 50 mobile launchers.[21]

The Hwasong-7's technology has been exported to foreign nations (such as Iran and Pakistan) in secrecy on the basis of mutual exchange of technologies, with Iran being one of the largest beneficiaries of such technology. Successful variants were tested and deployed by Iran after developing the Shahab-3 which is roughly based on Hwasong-7.[6]

Pakistan, however, suffered with repeated failure initially due to flawed design [22] given in exchange but succeeded in reevaluating the missile's conceptual design and its electronic system in 1998 through reverse engineering. The Ghauri (missile) was later (independently) developed by Kahuta Research Labs and eventually entered in to active military service in 2003.It is believed that it is redesigned/ reverse engineered model of Rodong-1.[citation needed]

A few Hwasong-7 missiles were launched in the 2006 North Korean missile test, and a further two in a 2014 test over a range of 650 km.[23][24]

Although it has an estimated range of 1,000–1,500 km (620–930 mi), launches in March 2014 flew only 650 km (400 mi). Their range was shortened by firing at a higher launch angle. The missiles flew to an altitude of 160 km (100 mi) at Mach 7. U.S. and South Korean Patriot PAC-2/3 interceptors are more specialized to hit ballistic missiles up to 40 km high.[8]

On 5 September 2016, North Korea fired three consecutive Rodong-1 missiles into the Sea of Japan and at a range of about 1,000 km.[18] This marked the Rodong-1 as a credible and matured missile suitable for operational deployment since its first successful launch in 1993. The United Nations Security Council condemned North Korea's missile launches.[25]

To enable interception at higher altitudes, South Korea is indigenously developing the long-range surface-to-air missile (L-SAM),[8] and on 8 July 2016 the U.S. agreed to deploy one Terminal High Altitude Area Defense missile defense system in Seongju County, in the south of South Korea, by the end of 2017.[26]

See also

References

  1. ^ "Twitter". mobile.twitter.com.
  2. ^ a b c Fact Sheet: North Korea’s Nuclear and Ballistic Missile Programs Archived 2016-06-18 at the Wayback Machine - Arms Control Center, July 1, 2013
  3. ^ a b "Egypt's Missile Efforts Succeed with Help from North Korea". Wisconsin Project on Nuclear Arms Control. 1996. Archived from the original on 2016-01-23.
  4. ^ a b c d e Markus Schiller (2012). Characterizing the North Korean Nuclear Missile Threat (Report). RAND Corporation. ISBN 978-0-8330-7621-2. TR-1268-TSF. Retrieved 19 January 2013.
  5. ^ a b c "Домен не доступен". Archived from the original on 2017-11-07. Retrieved 2017-11-06.
  6. ^ a b "The North-Korean/Iranian Nodong-Shahab missile family".
  7. ^ a b http://www.nasic.af.mil/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=F2VLcKSmCTE%3d&portalid=19[bare URL PDF]
  8. ^ a b c NK's March missile test aimed at evading interceptor systems: sources - Yonhapnews.co.kr, 19 June 2014
  9. ^ "Hwasong-7 (Nodong 1)". Missile Threat.
  10. ^ Pike, John. "Missiles - North Korea Special Weapons".
  11. ^ "South Korea's military to increase number of Hyunmoo missiles, says report | Jane's 360". Archived from the original on 2017-07-30. Retrieved 2017-07-13.
  12. ^ Pike, John. "North Korean Missile Designations".
  13. ^ "North Korea-Iran Missile Cooperation". 38 North. 2016-09-22. Retrieved 2021-03-06.
  14. ^ Brügge, Norbert (2 May 2020). "The North-Korean/Iranian Nodong-Shahab missile family". Retrieved 30 June 2020.
  15. ^ U.S. Department of Defense (2001). Proliferation: Threat and Response (PDF). DIANE Publishing. p. 38. ISBN 1-4289-8085-7.
  16. ^ "How potent are North Korea's threats?". BBC News Online. 15 September 2015.
  17. ^ Bluth, Christoph (July 31, 2011). Crisis on the Korean Peninsula. Potomac Books Inc. ISBN 9781597975773. Retrieved 17 March 2017.
  18. ^ a b North Korea fires 3 ballistic missiles; Japan calls it 'serious threat' Archived 9 September 2016 at the Wayback Machine – CNN, 2337 GMT 5 September 2016
  19. ^ John Schilling, Henry (Long) Kan (2015). The Future of North Korean Nuclear Delivery Systems (PDF) (Report). US-Korea Institute at SAIS. Archived from the original (PDF) on 13 April 2015. Retrieved 30 April 2015.
  20. ^ Around 70% of N.K. missiles target S. Korea - Koreaherald.com, 4 March 2013
  21. ^ Ballistic and Cruise Missile Threat (PDF). National Air and Space Intelligence Center (Report). Air Force Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance Agency. April 2009. NASIC-1031-0985-09.
  22. ^ [1][dead link]
  23. ^ "North Korea test-fires 'ballistic' missiles". BBC. 26 March 2014. Retrieved 26 March 2014.
  24. ^ Choe Sang-Hun (25 March 2014). "North Korea Launches Two Midrange Missiles". New York Times. Retrieved 31 March 2014.
  25. ^ UN council condemns N Korea missile launches, vows new measures Archived 17 September 2016 at the Wayback Machine – CNA, 27 August 2016.
  26. ^ Yoo Seungki (4 August 2016). "Shift in THAAD site in S. Korea nothing to solve controversies". Xinhua. Archived from the original on August 5, 2016. Retrieved 4 August 2016.

External links

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