The IBEX 35 (IBerian IndEX) is the benchmark stock market index of the Bolsa de Madrid, Spain's principal stock exchange. Initiated in 1992, the index is administered and calculated by Sociedad de Bolsas, a subsidiary of Bolsas y Mercados Españoles (BME), the company which runs Spain's securities markets (including the Bolsa de Madrid). It is a market capitalization weighted index comprising the 35 most liquid Spanish stocks traded in the Madrid Stock Exchange General Index and is reviewed twice annually.[2] Trading on options and futures contracts on the IBEX 35 is provided by MEFF (Mercado Español de Futuros Financieros), another subsidiary of BME.[3]
History
Performance of the IBEX 35 between 1992 and 2009
The IBEX 35 was inaugurated on January 14, 1992,[4] although there are calculated values for the index back to December 29, 1989, where the base value of 3,000 points lies.[5]
Between 2000 and 2007, the index outperformed many of its Western peers,[6] driven by relatively strong domestic economic growth which particularly helped construction and real estate stocks.[7] Consequently, while the record highs to date of the FTSE 100, CAC 40 and AEX, for example, were set during the dot-com bubble in 1999 and 2000, the IBEX 35's all-time maximum of 15,945.70 was reached on November 8, 2007.[8][9]
The financial crisis of 2007–2008 included extreme volatility in the markets, and saw both the biggest one day percentage fall and rise in the IBEX 35's history. The index closed 7.5% down on January 21, 2008, the second biggest fall in the Spanish equity market since 1987,[10] and rose a record 6.95% three days later.[11]
Rules
Selection
The composition of the IBEX 35 is reviewed twice per year (in June and December)[12] by the so-called Technical Advisory Committee, which consists of "representatives of the stock exchanges and derivatives markets, as well as... renowned experts from the academic and financial fields".[12] If any changes are made, they come into effect the following trading day after the third Friday of the rebalance month[13][12] In general, at each review, the 35 companies with the highest trading volume in Euros over the previous six months are chosen for inclusion in the index, provided that the average free floatmarket capitalization of the stock is at least 0.3% of the total market cap of the index.[5] Any candidate stock must also have either been traded on at least a third of all trading days in the previous six months,[12] or rank in the top twenty overall in market cap[14] (thus allowing large recently IPOed companies to be included).
The IBEX 35 is a capitalization-weighted index.[12] The market cap used to calculate the weighting of each constituent is multiplied by a free float factor (ranging from 0.1 to 1) depending on the fraction of shares not subject to block ownership.[5] Any company with 50% or more of its shares considered free float is given a free float factor of 1.[5] Unlike many other European benchmark indices, the weightings of companies in the IBEX 35 are not capped.
As of 2015, international funds based abroad (chiefly in Norway, the United States, the United Kingdom and Qatar) owned 43% of the index, vs. 16% in 1992.[15] Such rate of foreign investment was about 5% above the EU average.[15]
Calculation
The index value (given here as I) of the IBEX 35 index is calculated using the following formula:[5]
with t the moment of calculation; Cap the free float market cap of a specific listing and J a coefficient used to adjust the index on the back of capital increases or other corporate actions so as to ensure continuity. The formula can be adjusted to accommodate changes in index structure, such as the temporary suspension of companies pending news.
Specification
IBEX Mini futures contracts are traded on the MEFF Renta Variable (MEFF-RV) exchange under the ticker symbol BIBX. The full contract specifiactions for IBEX Mini futures are listed below.
The following table shows the annual development of the IBEX 35 since 1992.[18]
Year
Closing level
Change in Index in Points
Change in Index in %
1992
2,344.57
1993
3,615.22
1,270.65
54.20
1994
3,087.68
−527.54
−14.59
1995
3,630.76
543.08
17.59
1996
5,154.77
1,524.01
41.97
1997
7,255.40
2,100.63
40.75
1998
9,836.60
2,581.20
35.58
1999
11,641.40
1,804.80
18.35
2000
9,109.80
−2,531.60
−21.75
2001
8,397.60
−712.20
−7.82
2002
6,036.90
−2,360.70
−28.11
2003
7,737.20
1,700.30
28.17
2004
9,080.80
1,343.60
17.37
2005
10,733.90
1,653,10
18.20
2006
14,146.50
3,412.60
31.79
2007
15,182.30
1,035.80
7.32
2008
9,195.80
−5,986.50
−39.43
2009
11,940.00
2,744.20
29.84
2010
9,859.10
2,080.90
−17.43
2011
8,566.30
−1,292.80
−13.11
2012
8,167.50
−398.80
−4.66
2013
9,916.70
1,749.50
21.42
2014
10,279.20
362.80
3.66
2015
9,544.50
−734.70
−7.15
2016
9,352.10
−192.10
−2.01
2017
10,043.90
691.80
7.40
2018
8,539.90
−1,504.00
−14.97
2019
9,549.20
1,009.30
11.82
2020
8,073.70
−1,475.50
−15.45
2021
8,713.80
640.10
7.93
2022
8,229.10
−484.70
−5.56
2023
10,102.10
1,873.02
22.76
Related indices
IBEX Medium Cap: It is composed by the 20 listed Spanish companies with the largest capitalization after those included in the IBEX 35.
IBEX Small Cap: It is composed by the 30 listed Spanish companies with the largest capitalization after those included in the IBEX Medium Cap.
IBEX Top Dividendo.
BME Growth: a sub-market of Bolsas y Mercados Españoles (BME) for smaller companies to float shares with a more flexible regulatory system than is applicable to the main market.
Past components
All changes are due to market capitalisation unless stated otherwise.[19]
![{\displaystyle I(t)=I(t-1)\times {\frac {\sum _{i=1}^{35}{\rm {Cap))_{i}(t)\,}{[\,\sum _{i=1}^{35}{\rm {Cap))_{i}(t-1)\,\pm J\,]\,))}](https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/0be335c23344aa116daece4f14938fbd000abdd3)
