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((Use dmy dates|date=April 2022))
'''ICM Research''' is a [[public opinion research]] company that was founded in 1989.<ref>((cite news|url=https://www.questia.com/read/1G1-274846637/review-of-the-year-market-research-leagues-behavioural|title=Review of the Year: Market Research Leagues - Behavioural Stimulus|date=14 December 2011|work=Marketing|access-date=|archive-date=6 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180306023353/https://www.questia.com/read/1G1-274846637/review-of-the-year-market-research-leagues-behavioural|url-status=dead))</ref><ref>((cite book|last=Harrison|first=Lisa|title=Political Research: An Introduction|url=|year=2001|publisher=Routledge|page=50|isbn= ))((ISBN?))</ref> ICM is a subsidiary of Creston Insight, a [[marketing services]] company, and is a member of the [[British Polling Council]].<ref>((cite web|title=Officers / Members|url=http://www.britishpollingcouncil.org/officers-members/|website=British Polling Council|publisher=British Polling Council|access-date=7 June 2014|date=June 2014))</ref>

==History==
When ICM was initially established, the initialism represented "Independent Communications and Marketing". However, the full name was never used in practice, with the company simply being known as "ICM". It was founded by three people: Nick Sparrow, who reinvented opinion polling after the 1992 polling miss to common acclaim, Steve Parker who focused on retail research, and Kate Turner, who conducted IT and telecoms research. All founders joined from Marplan, a market research company that ceased to exist just prior to ICM being set up.

FieldworkUK was set up as a face-to-face interviewing operation in 1999, followed by ICM Direct for telephone (and later, online data collection) in 2001.

ICM was sold to Creston Plc in 2008, after which the three founders left the business.

ICM Research re-branded in November 2014 to ICM Unlimited.((citation needed|date=June 2014))

==Research==
((more citations needed|date=November 2016))
ICM conducted polling research for media publications such as ''[[The Guardian]]'', ''[[The Scotsman]]'' and ''[[The Sunday Telegraph]]''. It was credited by the British Polling Council with the most accurate prediction of both the [[1997 United Kingdom general election|1997]] and [[2001 United Kingdom general election|2001]] general elections, along with the [[2010 United Kingdom general election|2010 general election]]. Other notable correct predictions include the [[2011 United Kingdom Alternative Vote referendum|2011 AV referendum]], which was correct to 1 decimal point, and its published online and telephone polls before the [[2016 United Kingdom European Union membership referendum|2016 EU referendum]].

Like all other polling companies, its prediction of the [[2015 United Kingdom general election|2015 general election]] was wrong, predicting a 1-point victory for [[Labour Party (UK)|Labour]] rather than the outcome of a 7-point lead for the [[Conservative Party (UK)|Conservatives]].

The company has won various awards for its polling work, including both the Innovation in Research Methodology 2013 and the Market Research Society Silver Medal for Best Paper in the International Journal of Market Research (IJMR) 2013, won by Martin Boon" for his paper Predicting Elections - a Wisdom of Crowds Approach"; Nick Sparrow won the silver medal in 2007 for "Developing reliable online polls" and with John Turner in 1995/96 for "Messages from the spiral of silence: developing more accurate marketing information in a more uncertain political climate".<ref>((Cite web|url=https://www.mrs.org.uk/ijmr/mrs_papers|title=MRS Medal Papers ((!)) Market Research Society|last=Limited|first=AMA DataSet|website=www.mrs.org.uk|access-date=2016-07-26))</ref>

In 2014, research papers cover topics such as business banking, [[mobile commerce]] and retirement planning.<ref>((cite web|title=Media Centre|url=http://www.icmresearch.com/media-centre|website=ICM Research|publisher=Creston Insight|access-date=7 June 2014|year=2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140723025115/http://www.icmresearch.com/media-centre|archive-date=23 July 2014|url-status=dead))</ref>

ICM was involved with the polling of the Scottish constituency in regard to the [[2014 Scottish independence referendum|independence referendum poll]] that occurred on 18 September 2014. The [[BBC]] published the research conducted by ICM, in addition to other polling firms, as part of its "poll tracker" in the lead-up to the vote which resulted in Scotland remaining part of the UK.<ref>((cite news|title=Scottish referendum poll tracker|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/events/scotland-decides/poll-tracker|access-date=7 June 2014|work=BBC News|agency=BBC|date=June 2014))</ref>

== References ==
<references/>

== External links ==
* ((Official website|https://www.icmunlimited.com/))

[[Category:Companies based in the City of Westminster]]
[[Category:Market research companies of the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Public opinion research companies]]
[[Category:1989 establishments in England]]
[[Category:Companies established in 1989]]
[[Category:Polling organisations in the United Kingdom]]


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