Ibn al-'Arif
BornJuly 24, 1088
Ceuta, Almoravid dynasty
DiedSeptember 27, 1141(1141-09-27) (aged 53)
Marrakesh, Almoravid dynasty

Ibn al-Arif (Arabic: ابن العريف) or Abu al-Abbas Ahmad ibn Mohammed ibn Musa ibn Ata Allah al-Mariyyi al-Sanhaji, also known as Al-Urruf (July 24, 1088 – September 27, 1141) was a famous Sufi.[1] He is especially well known as the founder of a Sufi school or tariqa, which was based on the teachings of Ibn Masarra, and as the author of Mahasin al-Majalis (The Attractions of Mystical Sessions).

Biography

Ibn al-Arif was born in Ceuta,[2] and spent most of his life in Almeria in Al-Andalus at the height of the Almoravid power. His father had once been 'arif in Tangier, that is to say he was employed as head of the guard responsible for keeping watch in the town at night. From this circumstance came his surname Ibn al-Arif.[3] His father came from Tangier and his family belonged to the Berber tribe of the Sanhaja.[4][5] Almeria was a center of Sufism at that time. He and Ibn Barrajan, another Andalusian Sufi based in Seville, gathered around themselves a large number of followers, which attracted the attention of the Almoravid authorities. In 1141 both men were called to Marrakesh by the sultan Ali ibn Yusuf, where they were accused of "professing heterodox doctrines."[6] Ibn al-Arif defended himself and was released, but died shortly after. According to Ibn al-Abbar, either "the sultan was convinced of Ibn al-Arif's excellence and piety and ordered him to be released and escorted to Ceuta" where he died of an illness, or "Ibn al-Arif was poisoned on his return journey, while making the sea crossing."[7] His tomb is in Marrakech.

References

  1. ^ Ibn Khallikan's Biographical Dictionary, (translated ed. 1843), p. 150
  2. ^ Bellver, José (2013). ""Al-Ghazālī of al-Andalus": Ibn Barrajān, Mahdism, and the Emergence of Learned Sufism on the Iberian Peninsula". Journal of the American Oriental Society. 133 (4): 669. doi:10.7817/jameroriesoci.133.4.0659. JSTOR 10.7817/jameroriesoci.133.4.0659.
  3. ^ Faure, A. (1986) [1971]. "Ibn al-ʿArīf". In Bearman, P.; Bianquis, Th.; Bosworth, C.E.; van Donzel, E.; Heinrichs, W.P. (eds.). Encyclopaedia of Islam. Vol. III (2nd ed.). Leiden, Netherlands: Brill Publishers. p. 712. ISBN 9004081186.
  4. ^ Jayyusi, Salma Khadra; Marín, Manuela (1994). The Legacy of Muslim Spain (2nd ed.). BRILL. p. 251. ISBN 9004095993.
  5. ^ Mackeen, A. M. Mohamed (1971). "The Early History of Sufism in the Maghrib Prior to Al-Shādhilī (d. 656/1258)". Journal of the American Oriental Society. 91 (3): 398–408. doi:10.2307/600258. JSTOR 600258.
  6. ^ Miguel Asín Palacios, The Mystical Philosophy of Ibn Masarra and His Followers, trans. Elmer H. Douglas and Howard W. Yoder (Leiden: E.J. Brill 1978), p. 122
  7. ^ Claude Addas, Quest for the Red Sulphur, trans. Peter Kingsley (Cambridge: The Islamic Texts Society 2005), p. 53

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