You do not have permission to edit this page, for the following reasons:

This IP address has been blocked from editing Wikipedia.
This does not affect your ability to read Wikipedia pages.
Most people who see this message have done nothing wrong. Some kinds of blocks restrict editing from specific service providers or telecom companies in response to recent abuse or vandalism, and can sometimes affect other users who are unrelated to that abuse. Review the information below for assistance if you do not believe that you have done anything wrong.

The IP address or range 54.234.0.0/16 has been blocked (disabled) by ‪JJMC89‬ for the following reason(s):

The IP address that you are currently using has been blocked because it is believed to be a web host provider or colocation provider. To prevent abuse, web hosts and colocation providers may be blocked from editing Wikipedia.
You will not be able to edit Wikipedia using a web host or colocation provider because it hides your IP address, much like a proxy or VPN.
We recommend that you attempt to use another connection to edit. For example, if you use a proxy or VPN to connect to the internet, turn it off when editing Wikipedia. If you edit using a mobile connection, try using a Wi-Fi connection, and vice versa. If you are using a corporate internet connection, switch to a different Wi-Fi network. If you have a Wikipedia account, please log in.
If you do not have any other way to edit Wikipedia, you will need to request an IP block exemption.

How to appeal if you are confident that your connection does not use a colocation provider's IP address:
If you are confident that you are not using a web host, you may appeal this block by adding the following text on your talk page: ((unblock|reason=Caught by a colocation web host block but this host or IP is not a web host. My IP address is _______. Place any further information here. ~~~~)). You must fill in the blank with your IP address for this block to be investigated. Your IP address can be determined here. Alternatively, if you wish to keep your IP address private you can use the unblock ticket request system. There are several reasons you might be editing using the IP address of a web host or colocation provider (such as if you are using VPN software or a business network); please use this method of appeal only if you think your IP address is in fact not a web host or colocation provider.

Administrators: The IP block exemption user right should only be applied to allow users to edit using web host in exceptional circumstances, and requests should usually be directed to the functionaries team via email. If you intend to give the IPBE user right, a CheckUser needs to take a look at the account. This can be requested most easily at SPI Quick Checkuser Requests. Unblocking an IP or IP range with this template is highly discouraged without at least contacting the blocking administrator.

This block will expire on 05:36, 2 January 2025.

Even when blocked, you will usually still be able to edit your user talk page, as well as email administrators and other editors.

For information on how to proceed, please read the FAQ for blocked users and the guideline on block appeals. The guide to appealing blocks may also be helpful.

Other useful links: Blocking policy · Help:I have been blocked
Your IP address is in a range that has been blocked on all Wikimedia Foundation wikis. The block was made by ‪Jon Kolbert‬. The reason given is Open proxy/Webhost: See the help page if you are affected .
- Start of block: 05:40, 21 February 2024
- Expiry of block: 05:40, 21 February 2029
Your current IP address is 54.234.187.160. The blocked range is 54.234.0.0/16. Please include all above details in any queries you make. If you believe you were blocked by mistake, you can find additional information and instructions in the No open proxies global policy. Otherwise, to discuss the block please post a request for review on Meta-Wiki. You could also send an email to the stewards VRT queue at stewards@wikimedia.org including all above details.

You can view and copy the source of this page:

((Short description|Motorcycle speedway racing on frozen surface))
((More citations needed|date=July 2022))
((Use dmy dates|date=July 2022))
((Infobox sport
| name       = Ice speedway
| image      = Ice Racing.jpg
| alt        = 
| imagesize  = 200px
| caption    = Swedish 2007 national championship
| union      = [[Fédération Internationale de Motocyclisme|FIM]]
| nickname   = 
| first      = 
| firstlabel = 
| region     = 
| registered = 
| clubs      = 
| contact    = 
| team       = 
| mgender    = 
| type       = 
| equipment  = Speedway motorcycle
| venue      = Frozen motorcycle speedway
| olympic    = No
| world      = Yes
| paralympic = No
| obsolete   = 
))

'''Ice speedway''' is a developed form of [[motorcycle speedway]] racing, featuring racing on frozen surfaces. The sport uses bikes enhanced for the terrain. Participants can compete at international level.

== Outline ==
The bikes race [[counterclockwise]] around oval tracks between 260 and 425 metres in length. The race structure and scoring are similar to that in [[Motorcycle speedway|speedway]].

== History ==
Ice speedway is an evolution of dirt speedway racing, which first started in 1923. Staten Lorenz of Michigan is generally credited with the invention of the sport, in 1975. The first ice speedway event was organized and promoted by a local motorcycle dealer in [[Huntsville, Alabama]]. The third ever event was hosted at the [[Kent State University]] hockey field house, which speedway rider Gary Densford was invited to attend by his friend Bob Hetrick. At this event, Hetrick finished first and Densford finished second. Densford went on to promote this new sport, forming the ICE (international Championship Events). <ref>((Cite web |date=2020-08-31 |title=Ice racers provide spills and chills in extreme show ((!)) Weekender ((!)) Community ((!)) siouxcityjournal.com |url=https://siouxcityjournal.com/weekender/community/ice-racers-provide-spills-and-chills-in-extreme-show/article_45cd2080-f189-5d4d-a014-6c6f87ef25e4.html |access-date=2022-07-27 |archive-date=31 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200831183459/https://siouxcityjournal.com/weekender/community/ice-racers-provide-spills-and-chills-in-extreme-show/article_45cd2080-f189-5d4d-a014-6c6f87ef25e4.html |url-status=bot: unknown ))</ref><ref name=":0">((Cite web |title=HISTORY of World Championship ICE Racing |url=http://icespeedway.com/history_ice_racing.html |access-date=2022-07-27 |website=icespeedway.com))</ref>

=== Studs ===
Later, in 1982, studded tires were made mandatory. Specially designed studs were used, the first design was the "Ice Getter", a single track of studs which increased traction on the ice but didn't significantly increase wear on the ice (important to consider for indoor racing). Later, a new design was used, the "Kold Kutter", had dual tracks of studs, which increased traction further but increased wear on the ice. The performance gains from the Kold Kutters was so significant, however, that supposedly some of the older racers decided to retire. Lastly, in 1991, the ICE mandated a new type of racing stud, the "Silver Rockets Racing Studs", which had the most traction and least ice wear out of any design so far.<ref name=":0" />

== Bike construction ==
[[Image:Eisspeedway Maschine 05.JPG|thumb|right|upright|A close-up of a studded tire]]
The bikes bear a passing resemblance to those used for speedway, but have a longer [[wheelbase]] and a more rigid frame. As with speedway, the bikes do not have brakes.

The sport is divided into classes for full-[[rubber]] and [[screw|studded]] [[Tire|tyres]]. The studded tyre category involves competitors riding on bikes with spikes up to 3 centimetres in length screwed into each treadless tyre, each bike has between the 130 and 140 spikes on the front tyre and between the 170 and 190 on the rear (regulations on length and types of permissible studs are controlled by the sanctioning body). The use of these spikes in this discipline necessitate the addition of special protective guards (similar to [[mudguard]]s) over the wheels which extend almost to the ice surface. The spiked tyres produce a tremendous amount of [[Traction (engineering)|traction]] and this means two-speed gearboxes are also required.

The use of spikes on the tyres makes the sport more dangerous with fallen riders running the risk of being run over by other bikes. Ice speedway riders have often been described as both the bravest and craziest of all speedway riders.((Citation needed|date=July 2022))

== Technique ==
[[File:2018 FIM Ice Speedway Gladiators World Championship - GP 7 Niedermaier-5563.jpg|thumb|300px|2018 FIM Ice Speedway Gladiators World Championship]]
In the studded tyre class there is no broadsiding around the bends due to the grip produced by the spikes digging into the ice. Instead, riders lean their bikes into the bends at an angle where the handlebars just skim the track surface. Speeds approach 80&nbsp;mph (130&nbsp;km/h) on the straights, and 60&nbsp;mph (100&nbsp;km/h) on the bends. The safety barrier usually consists of straw bales or banked-up snow and ice around the outer edge of the track.

Since the riding style required for studded ice racing is different from that used in the other [[track racing]] disciplines, riders from this sport rarely participate in speedway or its other variants and vice versa.

== Competitions ==
The majority of [[Fédération Internationale de Motocyclisme]] sanctioned team and individual meetings are held in [[Russia]], [[Sweden]] and [[Finland]], but events are also held in the [[Czech Republic]], [[Germany]], the [[Netherlands]], and occasionally other countries. Countries that dominated and won the majority of titles in [[Individual Ice Racing World Championship]] (held since 1966) and [[Team Ice Racing World Championship]] (held since 1979) were the [[USSR]] and since 1991—[[Russia]]. [[Canada]]'s national touring series is sanctioned by the [[Canadian Motorcycle Association]].

{| class="wikitable"
|- align=center ((Speedway color|4))
!
! World Championships ([[Fédération Internationale de Motocyclisme|FIM]])
! Europe Championship ([[Union Européenne de Motocyclisme|UEM]])
|- align=center ((Speedway color|2))
!Individual
| [[Individual Ice Racing World Championship|Individual]] <small>(since 1966)</small>
| [[Individual Ice Racing European Championship|Individual]] <!--<small>(since )</small>--> <br>Individual U-21 <small>(since 2009)</small>
|- align=center ((Speedway color|1))
!Pair
| —
| —
|- align=center ((Speedway color|2))
!Nations
| [[Ice Speedway of Nations|Nations]] <small>(since 1979)</small>
| —
|}

==Notable drivers==
Being a winter sport, ice speedway is mostly popular in the northern/north-eastern half of Europe and North America. Notable drivers include Sweden's [[Per-Olof Serenius]], multiple world champion and with 22 Swedish championships to his belt,<ref name=ab12>Westlund, Tord: [http://www.aftonbladet.se/sportbladet/motor/article14495894.ab?partner=www "Den gamle och navet".] Aftonbladet.se, 2012-03-09. Retrieved 2012-08-13. ((in lang|sv))</ref> and Russia's [[Nikolai Krasnikov]], septuple world champion (2005–2011).<ref>[http://www.fim-live.com/en/sport/ice-racing/world-champions/ "World champions".] ((Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130515224923/http://www.fim-live.com/en/sport/ice-racing/world-champions/ |date=2013-05-15 )) Fim-live.com. Retrieved 2012-08-13.</ref>

== See also ==
* [[Ice racing#Motorcycle ice racing|Ice racing]]
* [[Motorcycle speedway]]
* [[Outline of motorcycles and motorcycling]]
* [[Icetrack cycling]]

== References ==
((Reflist))
* Raby, Phillip; Nix, Simon. ''Motorbikes''. First Avenue Editions; 1999. ((ISBN|0-8225-9854-X))

((International speedway))

[[Category:Ice speedway| ]]
[[Category:Ice sports|speedway]]
[[Category:Motorcycle speedway]]

Pages transcluded onto the current version of this page (help):

Ice speedway (edit)
Template:Ambox (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Catalog lookup link (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Category handler (view source) (protected)
Template:Citation needed (view source) (protected)
Template:Cite web (view source) (protected)
Template:DMCA (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Dated maintenance category (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Dated maintenance category (articles) (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Delink (view source) (protected)
Template:FULLROOTPAGENAME (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Find sources mainspace (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Fix (view source) (protected)
Template:Fix/category (view source) (protected)
Template:Hlist/styles.css (view source) (protected)
Template:ISBN (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:In lang (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Infobox (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Infobox sport (view source) (semi-protected)
Template:International speedway (view source) (semi-protected)
Template:Main other (view source) (protected)
Template:More citations needed (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Navbox (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Ns has subpages (view source) (protected)
Template:Pagetype (view source) (protected)
Template:Reflist (view source) (protected)
Template:Reflist/styles.css (view source) (protected)
Template:SDcat (view source) (protected)
Template:Short description (view source) (protected)
Template:Short description/lowercasecheck (view source) (protected)
Template:Speedway color (view source) (semi-protected)
Template:Speedway color/core (view source) (semi-protected)
Template:Template other (view source) (protected)
Template:Use dmy dates (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Webarchive (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Yesno (view source) (protected)
Template:Yesno-no (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Yesno-yes (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Arguments (view source) (protected)
Module:Catalog lookup link (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Category handler (view source) (protected)
Module:Category handler/blacklist (view source) (protected)
Module:Category handler/config (view source) (protected)
Module:Category handler/data (view source) (protected)
Module:Category handler/shared (view source) (protected)
Module:Check for unknown parameters (view source) (protected)
Module:Check isxn (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Citation/CS1 (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/COinS (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Date validation (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Identifiers (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Utilities (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Whitelist (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css (view source) (protected)
Module:Delink (view source) (protected)
Module:Disambiguation/templates (view source) (protected)
Module:Find sources (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Find sources/config (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Find sources/links (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Find sources/templates/Find sources mainspace (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:In lang (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Infobox (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Infobox/styles.css (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:InfoboxImage (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Lang (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Lang/ISO 639 synonyms (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Lang/data (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Language/data/iana languages (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Language/data/iana regions (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Language/data/iana scripts (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Language/data/iana suppressed scripts (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Language/data/iana variants (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Message box (view source) (protected)
Module:Message box/ambox.css (view source) (protected)
Module:Message box/configuration (view source) (protected)
Module:Namespace detect/config (view source) (protected)
Module:Namespace detect/data (view source) (protected)
Module:Navbar (view source) (protected)
Module:Navbar/configuration (view source) (protected)
Module:Navbar/styles.css (view source) (protected)
Module:Navbox (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Navbox/configuration (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Navbox/styles.css (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Ns has subpages (view source) (protected)
Module:Pagetype (view source) (protected)
Module:Pagetype/config (view source) (protected)
Module:Pagetype/disambiguation (view source) (protected)
Module:Pagetype/setindex (view source) (protected)
Module:Pagetype/softredirect (view source) (protected)
Module:SDcat (view source) (protected)
Module:String (view source) (protected)
Module:Unicode data (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Unsubst (view source) (protected)
Module:Webarchive (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Webarchive/data (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Wikitext Parsing (view source) (protected)
Module:Yesno (view source) (protected)

Return to Ice speedway.

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice_speedway"