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((Short description|A neoclassical building set in parkland, in Suffolk, UK))
((More citations needed|date=July 2022))
((Use British English|date=February 2023))
((Use dmy dates|date=June 2017))
[[Image:Ickworth House.jpg|thumb|300px|right|Ickworth House]]
[[File:Ickworthnumbered.jpg|thumb|300px|right|Ickworth House, the ground floor. 1: Library; 2: Drawing Room; 3: Dining Room; 4:Entrance and (inner) Staircase Hall; 5:Smoking Room; 6:Pompeian room; 7: Orangery and West Wing; 8: East (Family) Wing; 9: Portico; 10: Topiary Garden.]]
'''Ickworth House''' is a [[English country house|country house]] at [[Ickworth]], near [[Bury St Edmunds]] in [[Suffolk]], England. It is a [[Neoclassical architecture|neoclassical]] building set in parkland. The house was the residence of the [[Marquess of Bristol]] before being sold to the [[National Trust]] in 1998.

==History==
The house, built between 1795 and 1829, was formerly the chief dwelling of an estate owned by the Hervey family, later Marquesses of Bristol, since 1467. The building was the creation of [[Frederick Hervey, 4th Earl of Bristol]] and [[Bishop of Derry]] (known as the Earl-Bishop), who commissioned the Italian architect [[Antonio Asprucci]] to design him a classical villa in the Suffolk countryside. Originally it had been planned as an art gallery but the Earl's collection was seized by [[Napoleon]].<ref>((Cite book|title=National Trust Book of Scones: 50 Delicious Recipes and Some Curious Crumbs of History|last=Clelland|first=Sarah|publisher=National Trust Books|year=2017|isbn=978-1-909881-93-8|location=London|pages=46))</ref> The Earl died in 1803, leaving the completion of house to his successor.

In 1956, the house, park, and a large endowment were given to the [[National Trust]] in lieu of [[death duties]]. As part of the handover agreement, a 99-year lease on the 60-room East Wing was given to the [[Marquess of Bristol]]. However, in 1998 the [[John Hervey, 7th Marquess of Bristol|7th Marquess of Bristol]] sold the remaining lease on the East Wing to the National Trust. He was succeeded by his half-brother [[Frederick Hervey, 8th Marquess of Bristol|Frederick William Augustus Hervey, 8th Marquess of Bristol]] (born 19 October 1979). The National Trust refused to sell the remaining lease term back to the 8th Marquess, thereby contravening the Letter of Wishes which states that the head of the family should always be offered whatever accommodation he chooses at Ickworth.

The family's once private East Wing is now run as The Ickworth Hotel on a lease from the National Trust. Apartments, also leased from the Trust, are located in the Dower House in the grounds.<ref>((cite web|url=http://www.edp24.co.uk/business/new_owners_for_ickworth_hotel_1_1149959|title=New owners for Ickworth hotel|date=9 December 2011|access-date=23 August 2014))</ref>

The West Wing at Ickworth House went uncompleted until 2006, when a joint partnership between the National Trust and [[Sodexo|Sodexo Prestige]] led to its renovation and opening as a centre for conferences and events. The first wedding in the property's history took place in 2006.((citation needed|date=October 2018))

==Architecture==

[[File:Ickworth House2.jpg|thumb|right|300px|The entrance facade and ionic portico (''9 on plan'').]]
[[File:Ickworth House5.jpg|thumb|right|300px|The West Wing; its interior remained unfinished until 2006]][[File:Ickworth House 2020 Renovation.jpg|thumb|The renovation of the Rotunda, which started in 2019|alt=|300x300px]]

As one of England's more unusual houses, Ickworth has been unflatteringly described as resembling "a huge bulk, newly arrived from another planet" and as "an overgrown folly".<ref name="Jackson-Stopps, p.118">Jackson-Stopps, p.118.</ref> It is now being architecturally reassessed and recognised as the only building in England comparable with the monumental works of [[Étienne-Louis Boullée|Boullée]] and [[Claude Nicolas Ledoux|Ledoux]].<ref name="Jackson-Stopps, p.118" />

The design concept was based on the designs of Italian architect [[Antonio Asprucci]], most noted for his work at the [[Villa Borghese]], which the Bishop-Earl had seen. Asprucci's plans were adapted and the building work overseen by the Irish architects [https://www.oxfordreference.com/display/10.1093/oi/authority.20110803100440544;jsessionid=FAAFDD663340CBB97FA88AAF93D73AC8 Francis Sandys] and his brother [[Joseph Sandys]].

The façades are of brick covered in stucco; beneath a roof of slate and lead. The central rotunda is 105&nbsp;ft. high with a domed and balustraded roof. the building is entered through the central entrance [[Ionic order|ionic]] pedimented [[portico]].

The rotunda is decorated with pilasters, which on the lower floor are Ionic and Corinthian above. The ground and first floor and the third floor and the balustraded parapet are divided friezes bas-relief.

The rotunda is flanked by segmental single story narrow wings (appearing as a blind arcade) linking, in the [[palladian]] fashion, to two terminating pavilions; these segmental wings are broken at their centre by projecting bays which house the Smoking Room and the Pompeian Room, both later 19th century additions.

Unlike the design of a true Palladian building, the terminating pavilions, rather than minor balancing appendages, are in fact large wings, complementary in weight to the rotunda which becomes their [[corps de logis]]. The East Wing, a small mansion in itself, was designed to be the everyday living quarters of the family (which it remained until 1998), thus permitting the more formal rooms of the rotunda to be reserved for entertaining and display. The west wing, intended as an [[orangery]], sculpture gallery and service rooms remained an unfinished shell until the beginning of the 21st century.  For much of the time it was used as agricultural storage and latterly for playing [[Squash (sport)|squash]] on a court installed by the [[Frederick Hervey, 4th Marquess of Bristol|4th Marquess]].<ref>((cite book |title=Ickworth |last=Pusey |first=Catharine |publisher=[[The National Trust]] |isbn=978-1-84359-383-6 |year=2011))</ref>

== Contents ==

The house has paintings by [[Diego Velázquez|Velázquez]], [[Titian]], [[Poussin]], and [[Claude Lorrain]], as well as an unrivalled series of 18th-century family portraits by artists such as [[Thomas Gainsborough|Gainsborough]], [[Joshua Reynolds|Reynolds]], [[Vigee-Lebrun]], [[Pompeo Batoni|Batoni]], [[Angelica Kauffman]], [[Allan Ramsay (artist)|Ramsay]], [[Jacob van Loo|van Loo]], and [[William Hogarth|Hogarth]]. In addition, it has arguably the best collections in Britain of fine [[Georgian era|Georgian]] [[Silver (household)|silver]]. The house also contains very good examples of [[English Regency|Regency]] furniture and [[porcelain]]. As well, [[Geraldine Hervey, Marchioness of Bristol]] used to collect elaborately decorated fans, which are now on display at the house.

==Ickworth Church==
((main|St Mary's Church, Ickworth))
Most members of the Hervey family, from Thomas Hervey (d. 1467) up to the [[John Augustus Hervey, 7th Marquess of Bristol|7th Marquess of Bristol]] (d. 1999), have been buried at [[St Mary's Church, Ickworth|Ickworth Church]], which is located in the Park, a short walk from the house. The church is [[Norman architecture|Norman]] with some later additions, and possesses a 15th-century wall painting of the [[Gabriel|Angel of the Annunciation]], a 15th-century [[Baptismal font|font]], and roundels of [[Flanders|Flemish]] glass from as early as 14th century, as well as numerous [[marble]] achievements to different members of the Hervey family over the centuries. It remains in the hands of the Hervey family and has recently undergone repairs to make it safe with the help of a grant from [[English Heritage]].

== The Park ==
Ickworth Park covers an area of over ((convert|1800|acres)).<ref name="lett">((cite web |url=https://www.eadt.co.uk/news/21321946.7-suffolks-interesting-trees/ |title=7 of Suffolk’s most interesting trees |last=Lett |first=Danielle |publisher=[[East Anglian Daily Times]] |date=20 February 2021 |access-date=26 December 2022))</ref> The park contains "some of the finest ancient trees in the area."<ref name="secret">((cite web |url=https://secretsuffolk.com/ickworth/ |title=Ickworth |publisher=/secretsuffolk.com |access-date=26 December 2022))</ref> The Tea Party Oak, which is at least 800 years old, is located south of Ickworth Lodge and has a diameter of over ((convert|9|m)).<ref name="lett"/> It is one of the county's oldest surviving [[oak]] trees. Another tree, in Albana Wood, is about 600 years old.<ref name="secret"/><ref>((cite web |url=https://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/832151 |title=Tea Party Oak, Ickworth Park |date=4 June 2008 |publisher=geograph.org.uk |access-date=26 December 2022))</ref>

==Notes==
((reflist|30em))

==References==

*((cite book
 | last = Scriven
 | first = Marcus
 | year = 2009
 | title = Splendour and Squalor: The Disgrace and Disintegration of Three Aristocratic Dynasties
 | publisher = Atlantic Books
 | isbn = 978-1843541240
 | url-access = registration
 | url = https://archive.org/details/splendoursqualor00scri
 ))

*((cite book
 | last = Jackson-Stops
 | first = Gervase
 | author-link= Gervase Jackson-Stops
 | year = 1990
 | title = The Country House in Perspective
 | publisher = Pavilion Books Ltd.
 | isbn = 0-8021-1228-5
))

==External links==
((commons category|Ickworth House))
((oscoor gbx|TL815614))
*[https://www.nationaltrust.org.uk/ickworth Ickworth House, Park & Garden information at the National Trust]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20101121180018/http://dicamillocompanion.com/houses_detail.asp?ID=2311 Ickworth House entry from The DiCamillo Companion to British & Irish Country Houses]
*((NHLE |num=1205300))
*[https://www.flickr.com/search/?q=ickworth&m=text Flickr images of Ickworth]
*[https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Wikidata%3AWikiProject_sum_of_all_paintings%2FCollection%2FIckworth_House List of paintings on view]

((coord|52.220320|N|0.656839|E|region:GB_source:enwiki-osgb36(TL815614)|display=title))<!-- Note: WGS84 lat/long, converted from OSGB36 grid ref -->

[[Category:Country houses in Suffolk]]
[[Category:Grade I listed buildings in Suffolk]]
[[Category:Grade I listed houses]]
[[Category:Grade I listed museum buildings]]
[[Category:National Trust properties in Suffolk]]
[[Category:Neoclassical architecture in England]]
[[Category:Rotundas in the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Borough of St Edmundsbury]]
[[Category:Historic house museums in Suffolk]]
[[Category:Art museums and galleries in Suffolk]]
[[Category:Gardens by Capability Brown]]

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