Australia does not have a national identity card. Although Australia Post, which is government owned, does have a nationwide identity card called a Keypass but it is not accepted everywhere and you may need alternate forms of ID.[1] Various Identity documents of Australia may be used or required to prove a person's identity instead of a national identity card, whether for government or commercial purposes such as:
Currently, driver licences, issued by the state and territory authorities, are the most widely used personal identification documents. Driver licences list a person's full name, date of birth, current address and contains a photograph. They can commonly be used for personal identification for various purposes such as obtaining various government permits and documentation (for example, passport or tax file number) as well as for opening bank accounts or applying for credit cards. (See also 100 point check.)
For people who do not drive, the road authorities of the states and territories will issue a "photo card", also called "proof of age card", to people who do not have a driver's licence.
Other identity documents sometimes used include a passport, an official birth certificate, an official marriage certificate, cards issued by government agencies (typically Medicare card), some cards issued by commercial organisations (e.g., a debit or credit card), and utility accounts. Often, some combination of identity documents is required, such as an identity document linking a name, photograph and signature (typically photo-ID in the form of a driver licence or passport), evidence of operating in the community, and evidence of a current residential address.
Proof of citizenship or right to work status on a visa may be required in some cases, such as when applying for a job.[2] In these cases separate photo identity may also be required.
There is no consistent standard for verifying identity. For most purposes, an Australian drivers licence or Australian photo card will suffice; however, for more sophisticated transactions (e.g. applying for a passport or opening a bank account), each institution tends to have its own rules.
Some examples of identity documents[3] are:
The highest category of identity documents that often act as primary validation of identity include:
Other documents generally used to enhance an identity check along with primary documents, or used for specific purposes include:
Preference is given to Identity documents showing full name, address and a photo, and documents issued by Australian institutions.
For proof of identity purposes, some of the documents are listed as primary and others secondary. Generally at least one primary and one secondary document is required to prove identity at the time of origination of a new facility or product, along with documents that have a photo and address. Requirements vary from institution to institution, and from time to time. The 100 point check, that gives higher points for photo-ID government documents, and lower points for less reliable identity documents, remains a popular system, but is not ubiquitous.
Primary means of acceptable photo identification includes:
For visitors to Australia:
Some institutions may accept for general purposes other forms of photo identity, such as student identity cards.
There are cases where it is against the law to use false or fake identity documents.[4] Documents used for identity have security features - training and experience is necessary to properly identify genuine documents from counterfeits especially as the security features of many documents are not published. Increasingly online facilities are available for document verification services and establishing Digital identity in Australia:
For organisations choosing to out-source identity verification, over-the-counter services are available from some providers, such as:
While it is rare for people to be stopped on the street and asked for identity documents, it was raised in NSW parliament that there are 47 (possibly more) theoretical instances where identity particulars and/or documents need to be supplied to authorities by state law alone.[14] In some cases head covering may need to be removed.[15] In 2016, proposed laws to force bicycle riders in NSW to carry identity were abandoned after public resistance.[16] Drivers must carry a drivers licence, however for most people, while they can be asked for identity (Name and address etc.), failure not to show should generally not result in any breach of law, however they may be refused entry, refused passage, or arrested if there is an associated suspected breach of law (e.g. supplying false details to Police[17]).
There have been two proposals to introduce ID cards for tax and social security access in Australia: The Australia Card in 1985 by the Hawke Labor Government and the Health and Social Services Access Card in 2006 by the Howard Liberal Government. Although neither card would have been an official compulsory ID card, they were both criticised as leading to de facto ID cards. Ultimately, both proposals failed. On 22 October 2017, Pauline Hanson was reported requesting a new identity card to stop Welfare fraud.[18] It has been suggested that the Australia Card has been delivered gradually over time utilising cooperation of various state and federal government agencies and documents.[19]
New alcohol laws in 2017 require pubs and bars to scan ID documents against a database of people who should be denied alcohol, for which foreign passports and driver licences are not valid.[20]