IL2P (Improved Layer 2 Protocol) is a data link layer protocol originally derived from layer 2 of the X.25 protocol suite and designed for use by amateur radio operators. It is used exclusively on amateur packet radio networks.
IL2P establishes link layer connections, transferring data encapsulated in frames between nodes, and detecting errors introduced by the communications channel.
The Improved Layer 2 Protocol (IL2P) was created by Nino Carrillo, KK4HEJ, based on AX.25 version 2.0 and implements Reed Solomon Forward Error Correction for greater accuracy and throughput than either AX.25 or FX.25. Specifically, in order to achieve greater stability on link speeds higher than 1200 baud.
IL2P can be used with a variety of modulation methods including AFSK and GFSK. The direwolf software TNC contains the first open source implementation of the protocol.
The IL2P draft specification v0.5[1] was published via the Terrestrial Amateur Radio Packet Network (TARPN) on June 10, 2022.
As of version 0.5, the Weak-Signal-Extensions were added which adds several features to the protocols, intended primarily for SSB links. The automatic ID transmission for the FM/1200-baud and faster modes is still in place, but is not enabled if these lower speed weak-signal SSB modes are selected.
IL2P was first implemented in the closed source and proprietary ninoTNC[2] to solve for lossy network links due to low Signal-to-noise ratio or weak signal strength.
The specification itself outlines several design goals including: