Inchicore (Irish: Inse Chór)[1] is a suburb of Dublin, Ireland. Located approximately 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) west of the city centre, Inchicore was originally a small village separate from Dublin. The village developed around Richmond Barracks (built 1810) and Inchicore railway works (built 1846), before being incorporated into the expanding city bounds. Inchicore is a largely residential area and is home to the association football club St Patrick's Athletic FC.
History
Inchicore grew from a small village near a marsh on the River Camac at Inse Chór or Inse Chaoire. Some sources suggest that Inse Chaoire means "sheep island", referring to the spot where sheep were herded and watered outside Dublin city prior to market.[2] Other sources, including the Placenames Database of Ireland, do not give a definitive source for the place name.[1]
In the late 19th century, the village developed into a significant industrial and residential suburb, due primarily to its engineering works and the west city tramway terminus. By the 20th century, Inchicore was incorporated into the administrative area of the expanding city.[2]
Armoured train at Inchicore Works, c.1922
The Great Southern and Western Railway, which began constructing its network in 1844, elected to site its workshops in the then countryside at Inchicore outside the built-up suburbs of Dublin. Between the years 1846 and 1848 several houses and a Workmans Dining Hall were built on Inchicore Road. As the works complex expanded in the nineteenth-century house building in Inchicore expanded with the works being the predominant employer.[3]
Inchicore is the location of a large tram yard terminus and coachworks and the major engineering works of the Irish railway network are located here. These are still major employers among other industries and national distribution depots.[citation needed]
The townlands of Inchicore North and Inchicore South are located in the civil parish of St. James, in the Barony of Uppercross.
Rivers and streams
The River Camac enters Inchicore flowing northeast from the Landsdowne Valley in Drimnagh. It flows east through Inchicore, and on through Kilmainham and under Bow Bridge, falling into the River Liffey under Heuston Station. Much of its course is now culverted and covered by buildings.[4] During the eighteenth century small industries, primarily paper and textiles, developed along the Camac, which at the time was characterised by water mills, water wheels and weirs. In the 18th century, mills at Goldenbridge (Glydon Bridge) were producing paper and flour. Much of the industrial archaeology has disappeared but remnants still exist in the area. Kilmainham mill still exists and much of the machinery is still in place. Although derelict, as of March 2021, work was underway to restore the mill as a visitor attraction.[5]
Other watercourses in the area include the Creosote Stream, which passes through the railworks, and comes to the Liffey at the western end of the Gardens of Remembrance.[6]
Grand Canal
A view of Grand Canal from Goldenbridge walk in Inchicore
The Grand Canal was constructed in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. It is now a recreational waterway. It passes along the south side of Inchicore. The path along the canal is part of a Slí na Sláinte signposted walking route.[7] There is also an 8.5-kilometre (5.3 mi) long greenway between the 3rd Lock at Inchicore and the 12th Lock at Lucan, which opened in June 2010.[8]
Economy
Industry
Inchicore Railway Works is the headquarters for mechanical engineering and rolling stock maintenance for Iarnród Éireann. Established in 1844 by the Great Southern & Western Railway, it is the largest engineering complex of its kind in Ireland with a site area of 295,000 m2 (73 acres).[9]Spa Road Works built trams and buses before its closure in 1977.
Goldenbridge Industrial Estate is a mixed-use area, holding a number of businesses, including Rascals Brewery, Stillgarden Distillery, Gravity bouldering gym, and the mixed martial arts gym SBG.[citation needed]
Emmet Road leading to Inchicore village centre
Amenities
Inchicore's core is at the junction of Emmet Road and Tyrconnell Road. The area is served by a number of small stores including a butcher and deli, a hardware store, ethnic stores, and two mid-size supermarkets. The village centre has several pubs, including the historic Black Lion Inn, and several restaurants and take-aways.[10]
Demographics
Religion
Mary Immaculate Catholic Church Inchicore
The Roman Catholic Church operates two parishes in the area, St. Michael's and Mary Immaculate. Both parishes are administered by the Oblates of Mary Immaculate, and each has its own church, from which they take the name.
The Oblates Church of Mary Immaculate features a full-size replica of the grotto of Lourdes, which was opened in 1930. The grotto is 15 m (50 ft) high, 40 m (130 ft) wide and 12 m (40 ft) deep, and is built of reinforced concrete. It houses a crib at Christmas time.[citation needed]
St. Jude's Church (Church of Ireland), was an Anglican church built between 1862 and 1864 to serve the community working in the railway works. Only the octagonal spire remains, following the dismantling of the church in 1988.
Governance
Inchicore is in the jurisdiction of Dublin City Council and for council elections, forms part of the Ballyfermot-Drimnagh Ward. As of the 2019 local elections,[11] the local elected representatives on the City Council were:
Daithí Doolan (Sinn Féin)
Hazel de Nortúin (People Before Profit)
Vincent Jackson (Independent)
Sophie Nicoullaud (Green Party)
Daithí de Róiste (Fianna Fáil)
Culture
Inchicore village entrance ornamental sign
There are two community centres, St Michael's and BERA. Arus Mhuire was for many years the location of a popular Sunday night dance for teenagers.[citation needed]
The area used to form part of the parish of St. James, later in a union, and served by St. James' Church, but this church has been deconsecrated, and the attached cemetery is closed and overgrown. In 2010, 7 historic parishes, in three unions, all grouped as the St. Patrick's Cathedral Group, were severed from the cathedral and established as the new Parish of St. Catherine and St. James with St. Audeon, served by St. Audeon's Church, Cornmarket, and St. Catherine and St. James' Church on Donore Avenue.[citation needed]
Arts
Inchicore has been home to a number of poets. Michael Hartnett, lived on Tyrconnell Road from 1984 until about 1986. A plaque marks the house where he wrote some of Inchicore Haiku near Richmond Park, home to St. Patrick's Athletic Football Club. 'Inchicore Haiku' recounts the hard times in his life after his separation from his family.[citation needed]
Another Irish poet, Thomas Kinsella, was born near Sarsfield House at the Ranch and attended the Model School. He is a winner of the UCD Ulysses Medal.
Francis Ledwidge has associations with St. Michael's CBS, formerly Richmond Barracks. This is where he enlisted and trained before shipping out to the trenches in Flanders during The Great War. The Inchicore Ledwidge Society runs events to raise awareness of the life and works of the poet-soldier and holds a wreath-laying ceremony annually in the Memorial Park to honour Ledwidge.
The court-martials of all the leading figures in the 1916 Rebellion took place in Richmond Barracks. The surviving three buildings of the Barracks (formerly the recreation rooms) are in the process of being conserved. Building one has been completely refurbished as the atrium to the new Primary Health Care Centre and the gymnasium has received funding for its restoration ahead of the 1916 centenary celebrations.
The nationalist poet and teacher Padraig Pearse was imprisoned here before his execution in Kilmainham Gaol on the Inchicore Road.
The tramp writer Jim Phelan was born in Inchicore in 1896. On completing 15 years in prison for his part in the murder of a post mistress's son in a robbery in Liverpool in 1923, Phelan roamed the byways of England and wrote of his prison experience in books such as Lifer and Jail Journey and of his vagabond days in Tramping the Toby and We Follow the Roads. Phelan died in 1966.
Parks
The parks in the area include Grattan Crescent Park and Jim Mitchell Park, which hold playgrounds, as well as Turvey Park, and the park grounds adjoining the Mary Immaculate Catholic Church. To the south, there is Lansdowne Valley Park.
The Irish National War Memorial Gardens, containing a monument designed by Sir Edwin Lutyens, lies just to the north of Inchicore; there is an Inchicore entrance on Con Colbert Road. It commemorates the fallen Irish of the Great War. Official record books held in museum buildings there are inscribed with the names of those who gave their lives. The gardens are also accessible from the South Circular Road, en route toward Phoenix Park, which can be accessed by crossing over Islandbridge (Sarah Bridge).
Goldenbridge Cemetery, accessible via guided tours from the nearby Richmond Barracks, was the first dedicated Catholic cemetery in Ireland that opened after Catholic Emancipation. The Roman Catholic Relief Act 1829 was passed by the Duke of Wellington's government and signed by George IV under some Prime Ministerial pressure. In 1830 Daniel O'Connell, the Liberator, who was the vigorous Irish leader of the campaign for Emancipation was able to take his seat representing County Clare in the House of Commons as the first Catholic MP in the UK Parliament since 1649. Goldenbridge is the final resting place of modern Ireland's first head of government, President of the Executive CouncilW. T. Cosgrave who died in 1965.
Education
Primary schools in the area include Gaelscoil Inse Chor,[12] Scoil Mhuire Gan Smál (Oblates) NS,[13] Our Lady of Lourdes NS,[14] and Inchicore National School.[15] The restored 'Model School' (Inchicore NS) was built in 1853 as a prototype facility for government funded non-denominational primary school education in Ireland.[16]
Secondary schools serving the area include Mercy Secondary School.[17] This co-educational Catholic school,[18] under the trusteeship of CEIST, is located on Thomas Davis Street West, off Emmet Road. It is a member of the Trinity Access Programme (TAP) and the international College For Every Student (CFES) programme. The school has won CFES "School of Distinction" several times.[19]
St. Patrick's Athletic (founded in 1929 and commonly known as St. Pat's) play in Richmond Park. St. Pat's has played in Inchicore since 1930 (save for time spent exiled due to ground redevelopment). The club has won the League of Ireland Championship on nine occasions.[citation needed]
Liffey Gaels GAA club was founded in 1951. It was known as Rialto Gaels for over twenty years. In the 1970s, it changed its name to SS. Michael and James's to reflect the efforts of the teachers and students of these schools in the development of the club. In 1984, a local juvenile club, Donore Iosagain, amalgamated with SS. Michael and James's and the club was renamed the Liffey Gaels. The club plays home games at East Timor Park on Sarsfield Road in Inchicore.[20]
Other sports
Men's, women's, boys and girls basketball teams are based in Oblate Hall.[21]
Indoor climbing and bouldering centre "Gravity" based in Goldenbridge Industrial Estate.[22]
Teams taking part in Dublin Roller Derby league train and teach skating in Inchicore Community Sports Centre.
Infrastructure
Inchicore is accessed by multiple roads and served by a range of Dublin Bus services. Although the site of Ireland's main railway service yards, it has no mainline rail service, but it is served by the Luas tramway system, which runs along its filled-in permanent way, and serves the area from Blackhorse to Suir Bridge.
Inchicore is passed on its southern edge by the Grand Canal, developed by economic progressives of the day and that was, at its peak, the major passenger and commercial trading route through central Ireland, running through the productive farmlands and peat bogs of the Irish midlands. Originally carrying significant traffic during the eighteenth century, it is now a recreational waterway.[23]
Michael Mallin, 1913 strike leader, was later executed for his part in the 1916 Rising. A plaque marks his home at 122-122A Emmet Road.[24]
Kathleen Mills was born and lived in Inchicore. A plaque marks her former home at 1 Abercorn Terrace.[citation needed]
Jim Mitchell was born and raised in Inchicore. He was a politician who served in the cabinets of Taoiseach Garret FitzGerald (1981–82; 1982–87).[citation needed]
^Geraghty, Hugh; Rigney, Peter (1983). "The Engineers' Strike in Inchicore Railway Works, 1902". Saothar. 9: 20–31. JSTOR23193861.
^Doyle, Joseph W. (2012) [2008]. Ten Dozen Waters: The Rivers and Streams of County Dublin (6th ed.). Dublin, Ireland: Rath Eanna Research. pp. 32–33. ISBN978-0-9566363-5-5.
^Doyle, Joseph W. (2012) [2008]. Ten Dozen Waters: The Rivers and Streams of County Dublin (6th ed.). Dublin, Ireland: Rath Eanna Research. p. 31. ISBN978-0-9566363-5-5.
