Wehrmacht troops marching through Independence Square 1941.
The square was designed by Iosif Langbard and was created for conducting rallies and to serve as Minsk's main ceremonial venue during the Soviet times. During World War II most buildings that were on the square were destroyed by the Nazis. From 1946 to 1984 October Square replaced Lenin Square as the city's main venue. A project for the reconstruction of Independence Square was launched after the fall of the USSR. The first stage was completed in 2002. The transportation scheme of the area was then changed. Two more pedestrian underpasses as well as the underground shopping mall "Stolica" were constructed.
In the Soviet era, many pro-Communist rallies took place. A rally in honor of the 100th birthday of Vladimir Lenin ran at the square on 22 April 1970.[2] Rallies in honor of Minsk's 900th anniversary also took place in 1967.
During the 2020 Belarusian protests, the square was an area where many rallies occurred. President Lukashenko addressed supporters of him on the square hours before tens of thousands of opposition protesters began gathering in the same area. Lukashenko told his supporters "to defend your country and its independence".[3] Lukashenko's son Nikolai was compared to a bodyguard due to him wearing a jacket, white shirt and sunglasses.[4] During the protests, many shouted and chanted "Leave!", referring to demands for Lukashenko's resignation.[5]
In 1980, the state funeral of the First Secretary of the Communist Party of ByelorussiaPyotr Masherov took place on the square.[8] On 8 September 1992, the Minsk Higher Military Engineering School and the Minsk Higher Military Command School (now the unified Military Academy of Belarus) were the first to take the military oath of allegiance to the armed forces, with their induction ceremony being held on Independence Square in the presence of defense minister Pavel Kozlovskii.[9][10]
It is one of the highest organs of state power in Belarus.[12] The Supreme Council is the continuation of the Supreme Soviet of the BSSR. It acts as the functioning parliament for Belarus.
This church was created by Polish architects Tomasz Pajzderski and Władysław Marconi, with construction starting in 1905 and ending in 1910. It is known as the Red Church for its red exterior, made from bricks from Częstochowa.
It is a Roman Catholic church,[13] but in the Soviet era the church was used as a cinema. Mass is celebrated in Belarusian, Polish, Lithuanian, and Latin.
It was created by architects I. Zaporozhets and G. Lavrov. The main building of BSU was completed in 1962.[11] There are 16 Faculties within BSU. 4 of those institutes are Educational Institutes that provide training on either undergraduate or post-graduate levels of education.[14]
The BSU is a higher education university in Minsk.
Minsk City Council
The City council was made by architects S. Musinski and G. Sysoev in 1964.[11]
The Council decides on the economy, market reforms, external economic activity enterprises and organizations of transport and communication, housing, communal services and power engineering, city planning, services industry, public health services, physical training, sport and tourism, education and culture, social security and public relations.[15]
