| Inferior mesenteric artery | |
|---|---|
 Sigmoid colon and rectum, showing distribution of branches of inferior mesenteric artery and their anastomoses. (Inferior mesenteric artery labeled at center.) | |
 Abdominal part of digestive tube and its attachment to the primitive or common mesentery. Human embryo of six weeks. (Inferior mesenteric artery labeled at bottom right.) | |
| Details | |
| Precursor | vitelline arteries |
| Source | abdominal aorta |
| Branches | left colic artery, sigmoid branches, superior rectal artery |
| Vein | inferior mesenteric vein |
| Identifiers | |
| Latin | arteria mesenterica inferior |
| MeSH | D017537 |
| TA98 | A12.2.12.069 |
| TA2 | 4291 |
| FMA | 14750 |
| Anatomical terminology | |
In human anatomy, the inferior mesenteric artery (IMA) is the third main branch of the abdominal aorta and arises at the level of L3, supplying the large intestine from the distal transverse colon to the upper part of the anal canal. The regions supplied by the IMA are the descending colon, the sigmoid colon, and part of the rectum.[1]
The IMA arises from the anterior aspect of the abdominal aorta.[2][3]
Its origin is situated at the L3 vertebral level,[2][3] below the origins of the two renal arteries,[3] 3-4 cm above the aortic bifurcation,[3][2] at the level of the umbilicus, and posterior to the inferior border of the horizontal (III) part of the duodenum.[2]
Along its course, the IMA has the following branches:[1][4][3]
| Branch | notes |
| left colic artery | supplies descending colon |
| sigmoid branches | the most superior being described as 'the superior sigmoid artery' |
| superior rectal artery | effectively the terminal branch of the IMA (the continuation of the IMA after all other branches) |
All these arterial branches further divide into arcades which then supply the colon at regular intervals.
The IMA is accompanied along its course by a similarly named vein, the inferior mesenteric vein, which drains into the splenic vein.[1] The IMV drains to the portal vein and does therefore not fully mirror the course of the IMA.[contradictory][1][4][3]
Proximally, its territory of distribution overlaps (forms a watershed) with the middle colic artery, and therefore the superior mesenteric artery. The SMA and IMA anastomose via the marginal artery of the colon (artery of Drummond) and via Riolan's arcade (also called the "meandering artery", an arterial connection between the left colic artery and the middle colic artery). The territory of distribution of the IMA is more or less equivalent to the embryonic hindgut.[1][4]
The IMA and/or its branches must be resected for a left hemicolectomy.[5]
A horseshoe kidney, a common (1 in 500) anomaly of the kidneys, will be positioned below the IMA.[6][7]
