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((Short description|American composer (1942–2022)))
((More citations needed|date=May 2011))
[[Image:Ingram marshall.jpg|thumb|Marshall in his Hamden, CT studio.]]

'''Ingram Douglass Marshall''' (May 10, 1942((snd))May 31, 2022<ref>((Cite news |last=Pellegrinelli |first=Lara |date=June 2, 2022 |title=Composer and performer Ingram Marshall dies at age 80 |work=NPR |url=https://www.npr.org/2022/06/02/1102424368/composer-and-performer-ingram-marshall-dies-at-age-80 |access-date=June 2, 2022))</ref>) was an American composer<ref name="Strickland1991">((cite book|last=Strickland|first=Edward|title=American composers: dialogues on contemporary music|url=https://archive.org/details/americancomposer0000stri|url-access=registration|year=1991|publisher=Indiana University Press|isbn=978-0-253-20643-5|page=[https://archive.org/details/americancomposer0000stri/page/177 177]))</ref><ref>((cite news|url=https://www.plateamagazine.com/noticias/13425-fallece-el-compositor-estadounidense-ingram-marshall-a-los-80-anos|title=Fallece el compositor estadounidense Ingram Marshall a los 80 años|language=ES|work=Platea Magazine|access-date=2 June 2022))</ref> and a onetime student of [[Vladimir Ussachevsky]] and [[Morton Subotnick]].

==Early life and education==
Marshall was born in [[Mount Vernon, New York]]. He was the son of Bernice Douglass and Harry Reinhard Marshall, Sr. Marshall's early interest in music was the result of encouragement provided by his mother, herself an accomplished pianist and vocalist. As a youth, he performed as a soprano in the Boy's Choir at the Mt. Vernon Community Church, and during his high school years was influenced early by noted music instructor Victor Laslo.  After graduating from the [[Fox Lane High School]] in 1960, he pursued musical studies at [[Lake Forest College]] and [[Columbia University]], becoming affiliated with the [[Columbia-Princeton Electronic Music Center]]. In 1970 he became graduate assistant to Morton Subotnick at [[California Institute of the Arts|Cal Arts]], staying on to teach for several years after receiving his MFA in 1971.

==Career==
Though the composer used the term "expressivist" to describe his music, Marshall's music is often associated with [[post-minimalism]].  His music often reflects an interest in world music, particularly Balinese [[gamelan]] tradition, as well as influence from the American [[minimalism]] trends of the 1960s (the composer often acknowledged the work of [[Steve Reich]], [[Terry Riley]], and [[John Adams (composer)|John Adams]]).

He first gained recognition for his [[Electroacoustic music|electroacoustic]] pieces, often performed by the composer himself on [[synthesizer]], tape looping, [[gambuh]] (a traditional Balinese flute), and voice ("Fragility Cycles" [1978] is one of his best known works using this method of solo performance).  His acoustic music frequently incorporated tape delay, and later, [[digital delay]] (such as "Soe Pa", for solo classical guitar, and "Hymnodic Delays" for the Theatre of Voices).  Many of the tape parts of his pieces include the composer's own keening falsetto and [[gambuh]] playing (such as "Fog Tropes" and "Gradual Requiem" (1980)). Some of his works were produced in coordination with the assistance of noted Norwegian photographer, James Bengston of Studio Nord in Oslo.

Marshall wrote for the [[Kronos Quartet]]: ''Voces Resonae'' (1984) and ''Fog Tropes II'' (1982), featured in the 2010 film ''[[Shutter Island (film)|Shutter Island]]'', and for the [[Orpheus Chamber Orchestra]]: ''Orphic Memories'' (2006).

He taught at the [[California Institute of the Arts]] in the early 1970s, joined the music faculty at [[The Evergreen State College]] in the late 1980s, and later moved to New Haven, Connecticut. He taught at the [[Yale School of Music]] and the [[Hartt School]], and also held visiting teaching positions at the [[San Francisco Conservatory of Music]] and [[Brooklyn College]]. Among his notable students are [[Timo Andres]], [[Armando Bayolo]], [[Christopher Cerrone]], [[Tyondai Braxton]], [[Jacob Cooper]], [[Adrian Knight (composer)|Adrian Knight]], [[Matt Sargent]], and [[Stephen Gorbos]].

Marshall was the recipient of a [[Fulbright Scholarship]] and studied [[gamelan]] music in [[Bali]]. In 1990 he was awarded a doctorate of philosophy in music by [[Lake Forest College]], largely in recognition of his Fulbright award and gamelan studies in Bali. In addition to his Fulbright award, he received awards from the [[National Endowment for the Arts]], [[Rockefeller Foundation]], [[Fromm Foundation]], [[John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation|Guggenheim Foundation]], and the [[American Academy of Arts and Letters]].

==Music==

===Chamber works===
*"The Fragility Cycles" (1978), electronics, synthesizer, gambuh flute, and voice
*"Gradual Requiem" (1980), electronics, synthesizer, flute, voice, mandolin, and piano
*''Fog Tropes'' (1981), brass sextet and tape
*''Voces Resonae'' (1984), string quartet (premiered by Kronos Quartet)
*''In My End is My Beginning'' (1985), Piano Quartet in 2 Movements (premiered by the Dunsmuir Piano Quartet)
*''Evensongs'' (1992), string quartet
*''Fog Tropes II'' (1994), string quartet and tape
*''Sierran Songs'' (1994), bass, marimba, and electronics
*''In Deserto: Smoke Creek'' (2003), violin, bassoon, percussion, guitar, cello, and electronics
*''Muddy Waters'' (2004), piano, percussion, electric guitar, bass, bass clarinet, and cello (premiered by [[Bang on a Can All-Stars]])
*''Sea Tropes'' (2007), flute, violin, cello, bass clarinet, marimba, and tape

===Orchestral works===
*"Spiritus" (1981)
*"Sinfonia Dolce far Niente" (1989)
*''Peaceable Kingdom'' (1991)
*"Kingdom Come" (1997)
*''Bright Kingdoms'' (2003)
*''Dark Florescence'' (2004), Variations for Two Guitars and Orchestra (with [[Andy Summers]] and [[First You Build A Cloud|Ben Verdery]])<ref>((cite web| title=First You Build a Cloud with Ben Verdery |website=andysummers.com |url=https://andysummers.com/music/collaborations/first-you-build-a-cloud-with-ben-verdery/ |date=November 5, 2011))</ref>
*''Orphic Memories'' (2006)

===Choral works===
*''Savage Altars'' (1992), chamber choir, violin, viola, and tape
*''Hymnodic Delays'' (2001)
*''A New Haven Psalter'' (premiered on November 30, 2012 by the Yale University Glee Club and the Yale Concert Band)

===Solo works===
*''Soe-pa'' (2000), solo guitar with electronics
*''Authentic Presence'' (2001), solo piano (premiered by [[Sarah Cahill (pianist)|Sarah Cahill]])
*''September Canons'' (2003), solo violin (premiered by [[Todd Reynolds (musician)|Todd Reynolds]])
*''Five Easy Pieces'' (2003), Piano four-hands
*"Baghdad Blues" (2006), solo oboe with electronics
*"Florescence Soledad" (2007), solo guitar

==References==
((Reflist))

==Interviews==
* ((NewMusicBox|id=ingram-marshall-todays-music-tomorrow|title=Ingram Marshall: Today's Music Tomorrow|composer=Ingram Marshall|author=[[Frank J. Oteri]]|conducted=July 17, 2001|published=August 1, 2001))
* [http://www.furious.com/perfect/ingrammarshall.html Perfect Sound Forever: Interview] by Daniel Varela (July 2003)
* ((cite podcast
| url=http://www.wqxr.org/#!/story/ingram-marshall-connecticut-hippie-california/
| title=Meet The Composer: Ingram Marshall: A Connecticut Hippie In California
| date=October 5, 2015
))

==External links==
* [http://www.ingrammarshall.net The composer's official website]
* [http://www.peermusicclassical.com/composer/composerdetail.cfm?detail=marshall Peermusic Classical: Ingram Marshall] The Composer's publisher and biography
* [http://www.peermusicclassical.com/composer/composerdetail.cfm?detail=marshalldiscography Discography]
* ((discogs artist|Ingram Marshall))
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20040603073433/http://www.newalbion.com/artists/marshalli/ New Albion Artists: Ingram Marshall]
* [http://www.starkland.com/st2010/index.htm surround sound DVD]
* ((imdb name|0550919))

===Listening===
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20040414151129/http://www.epitonic.com/artists/ingrammarshall.html Epitonic.com: Ingram Marshall] featuring tracks from ''Dark Waters'' and ''Fog Tropes''
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20061001185625/http://artofthestates.org/cgi-bin/composer.pl?comp=41 Art of the States: Ingram Marshall] ''Weather Report'' (1974)
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20070928000316/http://www.nonesuch.com/Hi_Band/albums.cfm?album_num=415 Kingdom Come]: Various pieces, featuring [[Theatre of Voices]], American Composers Orchestra, etc.

((Authority control))

((DEFAULTSORT:Marshall, Ingram))
[[Category:1942 births]]
[[Category:2022 deaths]]
[[Category:Yale School of Music faculty]]
[[Category:20th-century classical composers]]
[[Category:American male classical composers]]
[[Category:American classical composers]]
[[Category:21st-century classical composers]]
[[Category:Pupils of Vladimir Ussachevsky]]
[[Category:Musicians from Mount Vernon, New York]]
[[Category:Lake Forest College alumni]]
[[Category:Columbia University alumni]]
[[Category:California Institute of the Arts alumni]]
[[Category:Evergreen State College faculty]]
[[Category:21st-century American composers]]
[[Category:20th-century American composers]]
[[Category:Classical musicians from New York (state)]]
[[Category:20th-century American male musicians]]
[[Category:21st-century American male musicians]]
[[Category:Deaths from Parkinson's disease]]
[[Category:California Institute of the Arts faculty]]
[[Category:Fulbright alumni]]

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