Mountain range in Canada
The Insular Mountains are a range of mountains in the Pacific Coast Ranges on the Coast of British Columbia , Canada , comprising the Vancouver Island Ranges and Queen Charlotte Mountains . The Insular Mountains are rugged, particularly on Vancouver Island where peaks in Strathcona Provincial Park rise to elevations of more than 2,000 m (6,562 ft). The highest of these mountains is Golden Hinde on Vancouver Island , which rises to 2,196.818 m (7,207 ft).
Although the Coast Mountain Range is usually referred to as the westernmost range of the Pacific Cordillera (since it is the westernmost range on the main landmass at that point), the Insular Mountains are the true westernmost range.[1]
Geological history
These Insular Mountains are not yet fully emerged above sea level , and Vancouver Island and the Haida Gwaii are just the higher elevations of the range, which was in fact fully exposed during the last glacial period (maximum ice extent about 18,000 years ago) when the continental shelf in this area was a broad coastal plain .
The Insular Mountains formed when a chain of active volcanic islands (the Insular Islands ) collided against the North American continent during the mid Cretaceous period. The type of rocks that form the Insular Mountains are turbidites and pillow lavas . Granitic plutons seldom occur in the Insular Mountains, unlike the Coast Mountains . The Insular Mountain range covers some 133,879 km2 (51,691 sq mi). It experiences frequent seismic activity , with the Pacific Plate and the Juan de Fuca Plate being subducted into the Earth's mantle . Large earthquakes have led to collapsing mountains, landslides and fissures .
During the last glacial period, ice enclosed nearly all of these mountains. Glaciers that ran down to the Pacific Ocean sharpened the valley faces and eroded their bottoms. These valleys were transformed into fjords when the ice melted and the sea level rose. Ice Age remnants may still be noted, such as the Comox Glacier in the Vancouver Island Ranges .
Sub-ranges
Haida Gwaii
Cameron Range : On the western side of Graham Island Crease Range : On north-central Graham IslandMcKay Range : On the south coast of Graham IslandSan Christoval Range : On the western side of Moresby Island
Vancouver Island
Named Ranges of Vancouver Island Refugium Range : On the Brooks PeninsulaSophia Range : On Nootka Island, on the peninsula between Esperanza Inlet and Nuchatlitz InletGenevieve Range : Nootka Island Karmutzen Range : Between Nimpkish Lake, Tlakwa Creek and Karmuzten CreekHankin Range : Between Nimpkish Lake and Bonanza LakeFranklin Range : Near Robson Bight on the Johnstone Strait between the Tsitika River and Kokish RiverBonanza Range : Between the Nimpkish River and the Tsitika River by Bonanza LakeSutton Range : Between Nimpkish River, White River, Oktwanch River, Gold RiverNewcastle Range : Johnstone Strait, west of Sayward-Kelsey Bay and east/north of Adams RiverPrince of Wales Range : East coast of Vancouver Island 40 km (25 mi) north of Campbell RiverHalifax Range : Along Johnstone Strait between Amor de Cosmos Creek and Pye CreekBeaufort Range : North of Port Alberni and west of Qualicum Beach Pelham Range : Between the Sarita River and Alberni InletSomerset Range : Between The Pacheena-Sarita River basins and the Klanawa River (between Nitinat Lake and Imperial Eagle Channel)Seymour Range : Between the valley of Cowichan Lake, San Juan River and Gordon RiverGowlland Range : Near Victoria between Saanich Inlet and Brentwood Bay. Includes Mount Work Regional Park Pierce Range : South of Gold River between the Jacklah River and the Burman RiverHaihte Range : Between Tashsis River, the Nomash River, Zeballos Lake and Woss LakeThe Elk River Mountains , located in Strathcona Provincial Park , are sometimes classified as a range.[2] [incomplete short citation
