Core 2

Intel Core 2 Duo logo from 2009 to 2012
General information
Launched	July 26, 2006; 17 years ago (July 26, 2006)
Discontinued	June 8, 2012; 11 years ago (June 8, 2012)[1]
Marketed by	Intel
Designed by	Intel
Common manufacturer(s)	Intel
Performance
Max. CPU clock rate	1.06 GHz to 3.5 GHz
FSB speeds	533 MT/s to 1.6 GT/s
Data width	64 bits
Address width	36 bits
Virtual address width	48 bits
Cache
L1 cache	64 KB per core (32 KB data + 32 KB instructions)
L2 cache	Up to 12 MB
Architecture and classification
Application	Desktop Mobile
Technology node	65 nm to 45 nm
Microarchitecture	Core: Merom (65 nm) Penryn (45 nm)
Instruction set	x86-64
Instructions	MMX, SSE, SSE2, SSE3, SSSE3, SSE4.1
Physical specifications
Transistors	291 million to 820 million
Cores	1, 2, or 4
Package(s)	Flip-chip land grid array (FC-LGA) Micro pin grid array (mPGA) Flip-chip ball grid array (FC-BGA)
Socket(s)	Socket T (LGA 775) Socket M (µPGA 478MT) Socket P (µPGA 478MN) Micro-FCBGA (μBGA 479) Micro-FCBGA (μBGA 965)
Products, models, variants
Core name(s)	Desktop: Allendale, Conroe, Kentsfield, Wolfdale, Yorkfield, Mobile: Merom, Penryn, Penryn QC
Product code name(s)	C2S C2D C2E C2Q C2QX
Model(s)	Core 2 Solo Core 2 Duo Core 2 Quad Core 2 Extreme
Variant(s)	Pentium Dual-Core
History
Predecessor(s)	Pentium D (desktop) Intel Core Solo/Duo (mobile)
Successor(s)	Core i3/i5/i7
Support status
Unsupported

Intel Core 2 was a processor family encompassing a range of Intel's mainstream 64-bit x86-64 single-, dual-, and quad-core microprocessors based on the Core microarchitecture. The single- and dual-core models are single-die, whereas the quad-core models comprise two dies, each containing two cores, packaged in a multi-chip module.^[2] The Core 2 range was the last flagship range of Intel desktop processors to use a front-side bus (FSB).

The introduction of Core 2 relegated the Pentium brand to the mid-range market, and reunified laptop and desktop CPU lines for marketing purposes under the same product name, which were formerly divided into the Pentium 4, Pentium D, and Core Solo/Duo brands.

The Core 2 processor line was introduced on July 27, 2006,^[3] comprising the Duo (dual-core) and Extreme (dual- or quad-core CPUs for enthusiasts), and in 2007, the Quad (quad-core) and Solo (single-core) sub-brands.^[4] Intel Core 2 processors with vPro technology (designed for businesses) include the dual-core and quad-core branches.^[5]

Although Woodcrest processors are also based on the Core 2 architecture, they are available under the Xeon brand. From December 2006, all Core 2 processors were manufactured from 300-millimeter plates at Fab 12 factory in Arizona and at Fab 24-2 in County Kildare, Ireland.

Virtual machine or virtualization abilities

Core 2 and other LGA 775 processors can support virtualization if the virtual machine (VM) software supports those processors, e.g. if the processor supports VT-x.

Newer versions of VM software do not support processors older than Nehalem (Core 2 and older) because they lack support for VT-x with Extended Page Tables (EPT), also called Second Level Address Translation (SLAT).

Models

The Core 2-branded CPUs include: Conroe/Allendale (dual-core for desktops), Merom (dual-core for laptops), Merom-L (single-core for laptops), Kentsfield (quad-core for desktops), and the updated variants named Wolfdale (dual-core for desktops), Penryn (dual-core for laptops), Penryn-QC (quad-core for laptops), and Yorkfield (quad-core for desktops).^[a]

The Core 2-branded processors feature Virtualization Technology without extended page tables (EPT) (with some exceptions), the NX bit and SSE3. The Merom microarchitecture introduced SSSE3, Trusted Execution Technology, Enhanced SpeedStep and Active Management Technology 2.0 (iAMT2). The Penryn microarchitecture, a shrink of the former, introduced SSE4.1. With a maximum thermal design power (TDP) of 65 W, the Core 2 Duo Conroe dissipates half the power of the less capable contemporary Pentium D-branded desktop chips^[7] that have a max TDP of 130 W.^[8]

Intel Core 2 processor family

Original logo	2009 logo	Desktop			Mobile
		Code-name	Cores	Release date	Code-name	Cores	Release date
		Desktop version not available			Merom-L Penryn-L	Single (65 nm) Single (45 nm)	September 2007 May 2008
		Conroe Allendale Wolfdale	Dual (65 nm) Dual (65 nm) Dual (45 nm)	July 2006 January 2007 January 2008	Merom Penryn	Dual (65 nm) Dual (45 nm)	August 2006 January 2008
		Kentsfield Yorkfield	Quad (65 nm) Quad (45 nm)	January 2007 March 2008	Penryn-QC	Quad (45 nm)	August 2008
		Conroe XE Kentsfield XE Yorkfield XE	Dual (65 nm) Quad (65 nm) Quad (45 nm)	July 2006 November 2006 November 2007	Merom XE Penryn XE Penryn-QC XE	Dual (65 nm) Dual (45 nm) Quad (45 nm)	July 2007 January 2008 August 2008
Full list		List of desktop processors			List of mobile processors

Known marks

With the release of the Core 2 processor, the abbreviation C2 has come into common use, with its variants C2S (the present Core 2 Solo) C2D (the present Core 2 Duo), and C2Q, C2E to refer to the Core 2 Quad and Core 2 Extreme processors respectively. C2QX stands for the Extreme-Editions of the Quad (such as QX6700, QX6800, QX6850).

Successors

The successors to the Core 2 brand are a set of Nehalem-based processors called Core i3, i5, and i7. The Core i7 was officially launched on November 17, 2008, as a family of three quad-core processor high-end desktop models; further models started appearing throughout 2009. The last processor of the family to be released was the Core 2 Quad Q9500 in January 2010. The Core 2 processor line was removed from the official price lists in July 2011,^[9][10] and the last processors were discontinued in June 2012.^[1]