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((short description|Species of plant))
((Speciesbox
| image = Rivea corymbosa 1838.jpg
| genus = Ipomoea 
| species = corymbosa
| authority = ([[Carl Linnaeus|L.]]) Roth
| synonyms = ((hidden begin|title = List)) 
* ''Convolvulus corymbosus'' <small>L.</small>
* ''Convolvulus domingensis'' <small>Desr.</small>
* ''Convolvulus laevicaulis'' <small>Willd. ex Roem. & Schult.</small>
* ''Convolvulus multiflorus'' <small>Kunth</small>
* ''Convolvulus sidaefolius'' <small>Kunth</small>
* ''Ipomoea antillana'' <small>Millsp.</small>
* ''Ipomoea domingensis'' <small>(Desr.) House</small>
* ''Ipomoea sidaefolia'' <small>(Kunth) Sweet</small>
* ''Legendrea corymbosa'' <small>(L.) Ooststr.</small>
* ''Legendrea mollissima'' <small>Webb & Berthel.</small>
* ''Rivea corymbosa'' <small>(L.) Hallier f.</small>
* ''Turbina corymbosa'' <small>(L.) [[Constantine Samuel Rafinesque|Raf.]]</small>
((hidden end))
|synonyms_ref = <ref>((citation
|url=http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/tro-8500772
|title=The Plant List: A Working List of All Plant Species
|access-date=12 April 2016))</ref>
))

'''''Ipomoea corymbosa''''' is a species of [[morning glory]], native throughout [[Latin America]] from Mexico as far south as Peru and widely naturalised elsewhere. Its [[common name]]s include '''Christmasvine''',<ref>((PLANTS|id=TUCO|taxon=Turbina corymbosa|access-date=12 December 2015))</ref> '''Christmaspops''', and '''snakeplant'''.<ref>((GRIN | access-date=28 October 2014))</ref>

==Description and names==
((More citations needed|section|date=April 2016))
Known to natives of north and central [[Mexico]] by its [[Nahuatl]] name '''Ololiúqui''' (also spelled '''ololiuhqui''' or '''ololiuqui''')<ref name="Carod">((cite journal|last=Carod-Artal|first=FJ|title=Hallucinogenic drugs in pre-Columbian Mesoamerican cultures|journal=Neurologia|year=2015|volume=30|issue=1|pages=42–9|pmid=21893367|doi=10.1016/j.nrl.2011.07.003|url=http://www.elsevier.es/en-revista-neurologia-english-edition--495-pdf-S2173580814001527-S300|doi-access=free))</ref> and by the  south eastern natives as '''xtabentún''' (in [[Yucatec Maya language|Mayan]]), it is a [[perennial plant|perennial]] climbing [[vine]] with white flowers, often grown as an [[ornamental plant]]. Its flowers secrete copious amount of nectar, and the [[honey]] that bees make from it is very clear and aromatic. It also grows in [[Cuba]], where it usually blooms from early December to February. It is considered one of the main honey plants of the island.

This plant is often used for purposes other than recreation, as natives of Mexico consider the powder produced from its seeds a tool for divination and communion with spirits. Because of the widespread use among native tribes, Colonial rules initially feared Ololiuqui and banned it introducing harsh punishments for users.<ref>((Cite book|last=Schultes|first=R.E.|title=A CONTRIBUTION TO OUR KNOWLEDGE OF RIVEA CORYMBOSA THE NARCOTIC OLOLIUQUI OF THE AZTECS.|publisher=Botanical Museum of Harvard University|year=2014))</ref>

==Chemical properties==
[[File:Oliluiqui Seeds.jpg|thumb|Seeds of ''Ipomoea corymbosa'' (Synonyms: ''Rivea corymbosa'' and ''Turbina corymbosa'')]]
((More citations needed|section|date=April 2016))
The [[Nahuatl]] word ''ololiuhqui'' means "round thing", and refers to the small, brown, oval seeds of the morning glory,<ref name="Carod" /> not the plant itself, which is called ''coaxihuitl'' (“snake-plant") in Nahuatl, and ''hiedra'', ''bejuco'' or ''quiebraplatos'' in the [[Spanish language]]. The seeds, in Spanish, are sometimes called ''semilla de la Virgen'' (seeds of the [[Blessed Virgin Mary|Virgin Mary]]).((Citation needed|reason=disputed fact|date=June 2012))  While little of it is known outside of [[Mexico]], its seeds were perhaps the most common [[psychedelic drug]] used by the natives.((citation needed|date=June 2017))

In 1941, [[Richard Evans Schultes]] first identified ololiuhqui as ''Turbina corymbosa'' and the chemical composition was first described in 1960 in a paper by [[Albert Hofmann]].<ref>((cite journal|last1=Hofmann|first1=A|last2=Tscherter|first2=H|title=Isolation of lysergic acid alkaloids from the Mexican drug ololiuqui (Rivea corymbosa (L.) Hall.f.)|journal=Experientia|date=15 September 1960|volume=16|page=414|pmid=13715089|doi=10.1007/bf02178840|s2cid=40460179|doi-access=free))</ref> The seeds contain [[ergine]] (LSA), an [[ergoline]] [[alkaloid]] which is also present in [[claviceps purpurea|ergot of rye]] and is similar in structure to [[LSD]]. Ergot of rye was part of the [[Kykeon]], the drink which was a component of the [[Eleusinian mysteries]].<ref name="Rätsch">((cite book|first=Ch|last=Rätsch|title=Enzyklopädie der psychoaktiven Pflanzen|edition=3rd|publisher=AT Verlag|location=Aarau|year=1998|isbn=3-85502-570-3))</ref> The psychedelic properties of ''Turbina corymbosa'' and a comparison of the potency of different varieties were studied in the [[Central Intelligence Agency]]'s [[MKULTRA]] Subproject 22 in 1956.

==Distribution==
This species is an [[invasive species]] to the United States,<ref name=ISC>((citation |url=http://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/117701 |title=Invasive Species Compendium |access-date=12 April 2016))</ref> Europe (Spain),<ref name=ISC/> and Australia,<ref>((citation |url=https://www.business.qld.gov.au/industry/agriculture/species/non-declared-pests/weeds/turbina |title=Business and Industry Portal |publisher=Queensland Government |access-date=12 April 2016|date=2015-10-30 ))</ref> where it has become more naturalized.

==See also==
* [[Xtabay]]

==References==
((Reflist))

== External links ==
((Commons|Turbina corymbosa))
*[http://www.erowid.org/plants/morning_glory/morning_glory.shtml Erowid Morning Glory vault]
*[http://www.erowid.org/plants/ololiuqui/ololiuqui.shtml Erowid Corymbosa Vault]

((Taxonbar|from=Q133545))

[[Category:Convolvulaceae]]
[[Category:Entheogens]]
[[Category:Herbal and fungal hallucinogens]]
[[Category:Natural sources of lysergamides]]
[[Category:Flora of Mexico]]
[[Category:Flora of Cuba]]
[[Category:Flora of Peru]]
[[Category:Plants described in 1759]]
[[Category:Project MKUltra]]
[[Category:Flora without expected TNC conservation status]]

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