The Iqama or Iqamah (Arabic: إِقَامَة, ʾIqāmah) is the second call to Islamic Prayer, given immediately before prayer begins.[1] The iqama is given a more rapid and less sonorous rendering than the first call, the adhan, because it is intended merely to draw the attention of those already in the mosque, rather than to remind those outside the mosque to come in. The phrases of the iqama and the adhan are the same, though there are variations among sects in the preferred number of repetitions of the phrases.

Text

Details of what is recited and how many times
Recital Arabic
Qurʾanic Arabic 		Transliteration Translation
Sunni Shia
Hanafi Maliki Shafi'i Hanbali Imami[2]
4x 4x 4x 4x 2x ٱللَّٰهُ أَكْبَرُ ʾAllāhu ʾakbaru God is greater [than everything]
2x 1x 1x 1x 2x أَشْهَدُ أَنْ لَا إِلَٰهَ إِلَّا ٱللَّٰهُ ʾašhadu ʾan lā ʾilāha ʾillā -llāhu I bear witness that there is no deity but God
2x 1x 1x 1x 2x أَشْهَدُ أَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا رَسُولُ ٱللَّٰهِ ʾašhadu ʾanna Muḥammadan rasūlu -llāhi I bear witness that Muhammad is the Messenger of God
None 2x[a] أَشْهَدُ أَنَّ عَلِيًّا وَلِيُّ ٱللَّٰهِ ʾašhadu ʾanna ʿAli'an waliu llāhi I bear witness that Ali is the Vicegerent of God
2x 1x 1x 1x 2x حَيَّ عَلَىٰ ٱلصَّلَاةِ
حَيَّ عَلَىٰ ٱلصَّلَوٰةِ 		ḥayya ʿalā ṣ-ṣalāhti Hasten to the prayer (Salah)
2x 1x 1x 1x 2x حَيَّ عَلَىٰ ٱلْفَلَاحِ
حَيَّ عَلَىٰ ٱلْفَلَٰحِ 		ḥayya ʿalā l-falāḥi Hasten to the salvation
None 2x حَيَّ عَلَىٰ خَيْرِ ٱلْعَمَلِ ḥayya ʿalā khayri l-ʿamali Hasten to the best of deeds
2x 1x 2x 2x 2x قَدْ قَامَتِ ٱلصَّلَاةُ
قَدْ قَامَتِ ٱلصَّلَوٰةُ 		qad qāmati ṣ-ṣalāhtu The prayer (Salah) has been established
2x ٱللَّٰهُ أَكْبَرُ ʾAllāhu ʾakbaru God is greater [than everything]
1x لَا إِلَٰهَ إِلَّا ٱللَّٰهُ lā ʾilāha ʾillā -llāhu There is no god but Allah
  1. ^ According to Usuli Twelver Shia scholars, this phrase is not an obligatory part of Adhan and Iqamah, but is recommended (Mustahabb). Akhbari Twelver Shia, however, consider it as an obligatory part of Adhan and Iqamah.[3] Fatimid, Ismaili, Alavi Bohras and Dawoodi Bohra believe and include and recite this at same place, twice in main adhan, but not in Iqama. They also recite Muḥammadun wa ʿAlīyun khayru l-basar wa itaratu huma khayru l-itar (Muhammad and Ali are the best of mankind and their progeny is the best of progenies) twice after the 6th part (Ḥayya ʿala-khayri l-ʿamal). This tradition is continued from their first Da'i al-Mutlaq, Zoeb bin Moosa (1132 CE), after their 21st Imam, At-Tayyib Abi l-Qasim, and claim this is true Fatimid tradition.[4][5][6]

The one line unique to the iqama not in the adhan is "qad qāmat al-ṣalāt", the announcement that the prayer "has been established", i.e. is about to commence. It is stated just before the takbir, the formal start of the prayer.[7]

The Hanafi and the Shia schools both use the same number of repetitions of the formula for both the Adhan and the Iqama, contrary to all the other Islamic schools.[1][8]

According to the Malikis, everything is said as normal (Allahu Akbar - 2x, Ashadu ala ilaha illa Allah - 1x, Ashadu anna Muhammadur RasoolAllah - 1x, Hayya ala salah - 1x, Hayya alal falah - 1x ..... Allahu Akbar - 2x, La ilaha illa Allah) with the exeception of saying 'Qad qamati salah' only once.

Other uses of the term iqama

Iqāma is the maṣdar form of the fourth (causative) stem (stem 'af`ala) from the triliteral root Q-W-M, which relates to setting things up, carrying things out, existence, and assorted other meanings. The word iqāma itself is multivalent, but its most common meaning outside the inauguration of prayer is in the context of immigration law, referring to a long-term visa for a foreign national. In some cases, as in Egypt, it is a stamp on the foreigner's passport; in others (as in Morocco and Saudi Arabia) it is a separate identity document in the form of a plastic card.

See also

References

  1. ^ a b Th.W., Juynboll (24 April 2012). "Iḳāma". ((cite journal)): Cite journal requires |journal= (help) Encyclopaedia of Islam, 2nd Edition Online. Edited by P. Bearman, Th. Bianquis, C.E. Bosworth, E. van Donzel, W.P. Heinrichs
  2. ^ "اذان و اقامه - خلاصه ای از احکام عبادات - پایگاه اطلاع رسانی دفتر مرجع عالیقدر آقای سید علی حسینی سیستانی". www.sistani.org. Retrieved 2023-07-01.
  3. ^ "Akhbari". Akhbari. Retrieved 2013-12-31.
  4. ^ Islamic Laws : Rules of Namaz » Adhan and Iqamah Archived September 14, 2008, at the Wayback Machine
  5. ^ Importance and Conditions of Prayers - Question #466 Archived July 8, 2009, at the Wayback Machine
  6. ^ "Adhan Call to Prayer". duas.org. Retrieved on 25 August 2016.
  7. ^ Salim, Abdol-Amir (2011). "Adhān and Iqāma". Encyclopaedia Islamica. Leiden and Boston: Brill.
  8. ^ Howard, IKA (1981). "The development of the adhan and iqama of the salat in early Islam". Journal of Semitic Studies. Manchester University Press (26): 227.

External links

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