The Irish Free State was formed in December 1922, and Tom Casement (brother of Roger Casement) tried unsuccessfully to establish a new Irish coast guard.[7] In late 1923 Casement instead became first Inspector of a new Coast Life Saving Service (CLSS).[7] In 1927, before the Irish Naval Service had been formed, the Admiralty discussed the possibility of CLSS participation in minesweeping of the Treaty Ports.[8] During the Emergency declared in the Second World War, the Department of Defence established a separate Coast Watch after the use of the CLSS to keep watch for belligerent ships and aircraft was vetoed by the Department of Industry and Commerce, which ran the CLSS.[9]
The CLSS was later renamed the Coast and Cliff Rescue Service (CCRS).[4] In 1979 there were 54 stations, 51 equipped with breeches buoys and three only with ladders for cliff rescue.[10] A 1990 inquiry into air sea rescue chaired by retired Garda Commissioner Eamonn Doherty recommended transferring responsibility from the Irish Air Corps to a new emergency service.[11][12] The then government accepted the recommendation in August 1990,[13] and the service was established in the then Department of the Marine by minister Michael Woods in May 1991 under the name "Slánú — The Irish Marine Emergency Service" (IMES),[12][4] and subsumed the CCRS. In February 2000 the name was changed to the Irish Coast Guard following the wishes of many of its personnel.[4][14] The spelling "Coast Guard" (as opposed to "Coastguard") is intended to hark back to its nineteenth-century origins; His Majesty's Coastguard (HMCG) adopted the single-word spelling in 1925, after the Free State had separated from the United Kingdom.[4]
In 2012, Fisher Associates conducted a value-for-money review of the Coast Guard and recommended closing the stations at Valentia and Malin Head.[15][16] The Fisher report was criticised by Coast Guard management and reviewed by an Oireachtas committee,[15][17] prompting a revised report in 2013.[18]
Operations
Role and status
The Coast Guard operates as a division of the Department of Transport under the Irish Maritime Administration (IMA).[19] Other sections of the IMA include the Marine Survey Office and Maritime Services Division.[19]
A IRCG Land Rover on display during National Services Day
Pollution and salvage response in the marine environment (the Marine Rescue Co-ordination Centre (MRCC) in Dublin coordinates all pollution & salvage control in the Irish Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ)).
Unlike coastguard models in some other countries, in Ireland, it is not part of the Irish Defence Forces. It does however call on their assistance through the use of its Air Corps and Naval assets. Also, while in some jurisdictions fisheries patrols are the responsibility of the Coast Guard, in Ireland, these are carried out by the Irish Air Corps and Irish Naval Service and drug smuggling patrols by the Irish Air Corps, Customs, Gardaí and the Naval Service. (However, all the above government services can at any time request assistance from each other when needed).[citation needed]
Members
The Irish Coast Guard is a civilian agency, members are not part of the Defence Forces and thus are forbidden from carrying any type of weapons and have no security or defence duties in respect of national police or defence.[citation needed]
Coast Guard personnel include full-time paid employees,[21] and unpaid volunteers.[22] For example, a member of the Coast Guard, Caitriona Lucas, who died while on a rescue/recovery mission in County Clare in 2016, was a volunteer.[23]
Not all Irish Coast Guard members have enforcement powers – only some officers under warrant.[citation needed]
Stations
The IRCG has 44 operating bases or units across Ireland.[24] Its administrative offices are at Leeson Lane in Dublin.[24]
The IRCG also has a contract with a private company for Sikorsky Search and Rescue helicopters operating from Dublin, Waterford, Shannon and Sligo bases. These helicopters are contracted from CHC Helicopter—a controversial contract [25] and costs the state €50 million per year.[26] A similar SAR contract involving CHC was cancelled in the UK in 2012 as a result of alleged 'irregularities'.[27] Under the €500 million contract, from 2010, a previous fleet of Sikorsky S-61N helicopters were replaced with five newer Sikorsky S-92 helicopters.[26][28] One of the new S-92 helicopters is located at each of the four IRCG bases, with one additional aircraft being rotated between bases.[29][30]
The first operational S-92 helicopter arrived in Ireland in January 2012 and given the registration EI-ICG.[31] After a period of training and pilot conversion (from the S-61N type), this helicopter was given call-sign "RESCUE115" and replaced the S-61N that was previously based at Shannon.[32] The five S-92's were given the registrations EI-ICG, EI-ICU, EI-ICA, EI-ICR, EI-ICD – with the last letter of each registration spelling out "GUARD".[33]
As of late 2016, the S-92s were deployed as: Callsign Rescue 118 operating from Sligo,[34] Rescue 117 operating from Waterford,[35][36] Rescue 115 operating from Shannon,[35][36] and Rescue 116 operating from Dublin.[37] While EI-ICG was delivered as "factory new" from Sikorsky in the US,[29] the other S-92 aircraft were ex-UK Coastguard equipment.[33] Following the 2017 crash of EI-ICR (Rescue 116), a newer S-92 replacement was sourced by CHC from Australia, and registered as EI-ICS.[38]
In mid-2020, the Irish Coast Guard launched a tender for a future SAR aviation contract, to supersede the (2010) CHC agreement.[39][40] In May 2023 Bristow Ireland was announced as the preferred bidder, and the following month CHC launched a legal challenge to the process.[41]
Incidents
In July 1999, an Air Corps helicopter crashed: The four crew members of a Dauphin helicopter, on SAR duties, died shortly after midnight on 2 July 1999, when their helicopter hit a sand dune in thick fog at Tramore Beach, County Waterford, while returning from a successful rescue mission.[42]
In September 2016, a Coast Guard volunteer, Caitriona Lucas, died while on a rescue/recovery mission in County Clare.[23] In November 2023, the inquest jury returned a verdict of misadventure, and recommended improvements to safety management.[43]
In March 2017, RESCUE 116 crashed providing cover for another Coast Guard helicopter[44] off the coast of County Mayo. Captain Dara Fitzpatrick was recovered from the water at around 7 am on 14 March in a critical condition, and transferred to Mayo University Hospital where she was pronounced dead. Captain Mark Duffy was recovered from the wreckage on the 26 March. Winch crew Paul Ormsby and Ciarán Smith remain missing.[45][46]
^Kennedy, Michael J. (2008). Guarding Neutral Ireland: The Coast Watching Service and Military Intelligence, 1939–1945. Four Courts Press. p. 23. ISBN9781846820977.
^Joint Oireachtas Committee on Transport and Communications (24 October 2012). "Review of Irish Coast Guard Service: Discussion". Oireachtas Joint and Select Committees (. KildareStreet.com. Retrieved 20 March 2017.
^ ab"Who's Who in Fishing Safety". hsa.ie. Health & Safety Authority. Retrieved 11 September 2021. The Irish Maritime Administration (IMA) [..] Is a division of the Department of Transport, Tourism and Sport and [..] consists of the Marine Survey Office (MSO), the Irish Coast Guard (IRCG), Policy and Legislation, Ports and the Maritime Services Division
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