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((Short description|Nuclides with atomic number of 37 but with different mass numbers))
((more citations needed|date=May 2018))
((infobox rubidium isotopes))
[[Rubidium]] (<sub>37</sub>Rb) has 36 [[isotope]]s, with naturally occurring rubidium being composed of just two isotopes; <sup>85</sup>Rb (72.2%) and the [[radioactive]] <sup>87</sup>Rb (27.8%). Normal mixes((clarify|date=May 2018)) of rubidium are radioactive enough to fog [[photographic film]] in approximately 30 to 60 days.

<sup>87</sup>Rb has a [[half-life]] of ((val|4.92|e=10|u=years)). It readily substitutes for [[potassium]] in [[mineral]]s, and is therefore fairly widespread. <sup>87</sup>Rb has been used extensively in [[rock dating|dating rocks]]; <sup>87</sup>Rb decays to stable [[strontium]]-87 by emission of a [[beta particle]] (an electron ejected from the nucleus). During [[Fractional crystallization (geology)|fractional crystallization]], Sr tends to become concentrated in [[plagioclase]], leaving Rb in the liquid phase. Hence, the Rb/Sr ratio in residual [[magma]] may increase over time, resulting in rocks with increasing Rb/Sr ratios with increasing [[Igneous differentiation|differentiation]]. The highest ratios (10 or higher) occur in [[pegmatite]]s. If the initial amount of Sr is known or can be extrapolated, the age can be determined by measurement of the Rb and Sr concentrations and the <sup>87</sup>Sr/<sup>86</sup>Sr ratio. The dates indicate the true age of the minerals only if the rocks have not been subsequently altered. See [[rubidium–strontium dating]] for a more detailed discussion.

Other than <sup>87</sup>Rb, the longest-lived [[radioisotope]]s are <sup>83</sup>Rb with a half-life of 86.2 days, <sup>84</sup>Rb with a half-life of 33.1 days, and <sup>86</sup>Rb with a half-life of 18.642 days. All other radioisotopes have half-lives less than a day.

[[Rubidium-82|<sup>82</sup>Rb]] is used in some [[cardiac]] [[positron emission tomography]] scans to assess [[Myocardial perfusion scan|myocardial perfusion]]. It has a [[half-life]] of 1.273 minutes. It does not exist naturally, but can be made from the decay of <sup>82</sup>Sr.

== List of isotopes ==
((Isotopes table
|symbol=Rb
|refs=<!-- not NUBASE2016 yet (2019-07-14) -->
|notes=m, unc(), exen#, hl#, hl-nst, mass#, spin(), spin#, daughter-st, daughter-nst, p, n, IT, EC
))
|-
| <sup>71</sup>Rb
| style="text-align:right" | 37
| style="text-align:right" | 34
| 70.96532(54)#
|
| [[proton emission|p]]
| <sup>70</sup>Kr
| 5/2−#
|
|
|-
| <sup>72</sup>Rb
| style="text-align:right" | 37
| style="text-align:right" | 35
| 71.95908(54)#
| <1.5&nbsp;μs
| p
| <sup>71</sup>Kr
| 3+#
|
|
|-
| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>72m</sup>Rb
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 100(100)#&nbsp;keV
| 1#&nbsp;μs
| p
| <sup>71</sup>Kr
| 1−#
|
|
|-
| <sup>73</sup>Rb
| style="text-align:right" | 37
| style="text-align:right" | 36
| 72.95056(16)#
| <30&nbsp;ns
| p
| <sup>72</sup>Kr
| 3/2−#
|
|
|-
| <sup>74</sup>Rb
| style="text-align:right" | 37
| style="text-align:right" | 37
| 73.944265(4)
| 64.76(3)&nbsp;ms
| [[beta decay|β<sup>+</sup>]]
| <sup>74</sup>Kr
| (0+)
|
|
|-
| <sup>75</sup>Rb
| style="text-align:right" | 37
| style="text-align:right" | 38
| 74.938570(8)
| 19.0(12)&nbsp;s
| β<sup>+</sup>
| <sup>75</sup>Kr
| (3/2−)
|
|
|-
| rowspan=2|<sup>76</sup>Rb
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 37
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 39
| rowspan=2|75.9350722(20)
| rowspan=2|36.5(6)&nbsp;s
| β<sup>+</sup>
| <sup>76</sup>Kr
| rowspan=2|1(−)
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
|-
| β<sup>+</sup>, [[alpha decay|α]] (3.8×10<sup>−7</sup>%)
| <sup>72</sup>Se
|-
| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>76m</sup>Rb
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 316.93(8)&nbsp;keV
| 3.050(7)&nbsp;μs
|
|
| (4+)
|
|
|-
| <sup>77</sup>Rb
| style="text-align:right" | 37
| style="text-align:right" | 40
| 76.930408(8)
| 3.77(4)&nbsp;min
| β<sup>+</sup>
| <sup>77</sup>Kr
| 3/2−
|
|
|-
| <sup>78</sup>Rb
| style="text-align:right" | 37
| style="text-align:right" | 41
| 77.928141(8)
| 17.66(8)&nbsp;min
| β<sup>+</sup>
| '''''<sup>78</sup>Kr'''''
| 0(+)
|
|
|-
| rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>78m</sup>Rb
| rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 111.20(10)&nbsp;keV
| rowspan=2|5.74(5)&nbsp;min
| β<sup>+</sup> (90%)
| '''''<sup>78</sup>Kr'''''
| rowspan=2|4(−)
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
|-
| [[Isomeric transition|IT]] (10%)
| <sup>78</sup>Rb
|-
| <sup>79</sup>Rb
| style="text-align:right" | 37
| style="text-align:right" | 42
| 78.923989(6)
| 22.9(5)&nbsp;min
| β<sup>+</sup>
| <sup>79</sup>Kr
| 5/2+
|
|
|-
| <sup>80</sup>Rb
| style="text-align:right" | 37
| style="text-align:right" | 43
| 79.922519(7)
| 33.4(7)&nbsp;s
| β<sup>+</sup>
| '''<sup>80</sup>Kr'''
| 1+
|
|
|-
| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>80m</sup>Rb
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 494.4(5)&nbsp;keV
| 1.6(2)&nbsp;μs
|
|
| 6+
|
|
|-
| <sup>81</sup>Rb
| style="text-align:right" | 37
| style="text-align:right" | 44
| 80.918996(6)
| 4.570(4)&nbsp;h
| β<sup>+</sup>
| <sup>81</sup>Kr
| 3/2−
|
|
|-
| rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>81m</sup>Rb
| rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 86.31(7)&nbsp;keV
| rowspan=2|30.5(3)&nbsp;min
| IT (97.6%)
| <sup>81</sup>Rb
| rowspan=2|9/2+
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
|-
| β<sup>+</sup> (2.4%)
| <sup>81</sup>Kr
|-
| <sup>[[Rubidium-82|82]]</sup>[[Rubidium-82|Rb]]
| style="text-align:right" | 37
| style="text-align:right" | 45
| 81.9182086(30)
| 1.273(2)&nbsp;min
| β<sup>+</sup>
| '''<sup>82</sup>Kr'''
| 1+
|
|
|-
| rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>82m</sup>Rb
| rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 69.0(15)&nbsp;keV
| rowspan=2|6.472(5)&nbsp;h
| β<sup>+</sup> (99.67%)
| '''<sup>82</sup>Kr'''
| rowspan=2|5−
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
|-
| IT (.33%)
| <sup>82</sup>Rb
|-
| <sup>83</sup>Rb
| style="text-align:right" | 37
| style="text-align:right" | 46
| 82.915110(6)
| 86.2(1)&nbsp;d
| [[Electron capture|EC]]
| '''<sup>83</sup>Kr'''
| 5/2−
|
|
|-
| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>83m</sup>Rb
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 42.11(4)&nbsp;keV
| 7.8(7)&nbsp;ms
| IT
| <sup>83</sup>Rb
| 9/2+
|
|
|-
| rowspan=2|<sup>84</sup>Rb
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 37
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 47
| rowspan=2|83.914385(3)
| rowspan=2|33.1(1)&nbsp;d
| β<sup>+</sup> (96.2%)
| '''<sup>84</sup>Kr'''
| rowspan=2|2−
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
|-
| β<sup>−</sup> (3.8%)
| '''<sup>84</sup>Sr'''
|-
| rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>84m</sup>Rb
| rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 463.62(9)&nbsp;keV
| rowspan=2|20.26(4)&nbsp;min
| IT (>99.9%)
| <sup>84</sup>Rb
| rowspan=2|6−
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
|-
| β<sup>+</sup> (<.1%)
| '''<sup>84</sup>Kr'''
|-
| <sup>85</sup>Rb<ref group="n" name="FP">[[Fission product]]</ref>
| style="text-align:right" | 37
| style="text-align:right" | 48
| 84.911789738(12)
| colspan=3 align=center|'''Stable'''
| 5/2−
| 0.7217(2)
|
|-
| rowspan=2|<sup>86</sup>Rb
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 37
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 49
| rowspan=2|85.91116742(21)
| rowspan=2|18.642(18)&nbsp;d
| β<sup>−</sup> (99.9948%)
| '''<sup>86</sup>Sr'''
| rowspan=2|2−
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
|-
| EC (.0052%)
| '''<sup>86</sup>Kr'''
|-
| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>86m</sup>Rb
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 556.05(18)&nbsp;keV
| 1.017(3)&nbsp;min
| IT
| <sup>86</sup>Rb
| 6−
|
|
|-
| <sup>87</sup>Rb<ref group="n">[[Primordial nuclide|Primordial]] [[radionuclide]]</ref><ref group="n">Used in [[rubidium–strontium dating]]</ref><ref group="n" name="FP" />
| style="text-align:right" | 37
| style="text-align:right" | 50
| 86.909180527(13)
| '''4.923(22)×10<sup>10</sup>&nbsp;y'''
| β<sup>−</sup>
| '''<sup>87</sup>Sr'''
| 3/2−
| 0.2783(2)
|
|-
| <sup>88</sup>Rb
| style="text-align:right" | 37
| style="text-align:right" | 51
| 87.91131559(17)
| 17.773(11)&nbsp;min
| β<sup>−</sup>
| '''<sup>88</sup>Sr'''
| 2−
|
|
|-
| <sup>89</sup>Rb
| style="text-align:right" | 37
| style="text-align:right" | 52
| 88.912278(6)
| 15.15(12)&nbsp;min
| β<sup>−</sup>
| <sup>89</sup>Sr
| 3/2−
|
|
|-
| <sup>90</sup>Rb
| style="text-align:right" | 37
| style="text-align:right" | 53
| 89.914802(7)
| 158(5)&nbsp;s
| β<sup>−</sup>
| <sup>90</sup>Sr
| 0−
|
|
|-
| rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>90m</sup>Rb
| rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 106.90(3)&nbsp;keV
| rowspan=2|258(4)&nbsp;s
| β<sup>−</sup> (97.4%)
| <sup>90</sup>Sr
| rowspan=2|3−
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
|-
| IT (2.6%)
| <sup>90</sup> Rb
|-
| <sup>91</sup>Rb
| style="text-align:right" | 37
| style="text-align:right" | 54
| 90.916537(9)
| 58.4(4)&nbsp;s
| β<sup>−</sup>
| <sup>91</sup>Sr
| 3/2(−)
|
|
|-
| rowspan=2|<sup>92</sup>Rb
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 37
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 55
| rowspan=2|91.919729(7)
| rowspan=2|4.492(20)&nbsp;s
| β<sup>−</sup> (99.98%)
| <sup>92</sup>Sr
| rowspan=2|0−
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
|-
| β<sup>−</sup>, [[neutron emission|n]] (.0107%)
| <sup>91</sup>Sr
|-
| rowspan=2|<sup>93</sup>Rb
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 37
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 56
| rowspan=2|92.922042(8)
| rowspan=2|5.84(2)&nbsp;s
| β<sup>−</sup> (98.65%)
| <sup>93</sup>Sr
| rowspan=2|5/2−
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
|-
| β<sup>−</sup>, n (1.35%)
| <sup>92</sup>Sr
|-
| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>93m</sup>Rb
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 253.38(3)&nbsp;keV
| 57(15)&nbsp;μs
|
|
| (3/2−,5/2−)
|
|
|-
| rowspan=2|<sup>94</sup>Rb
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 37
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 57
| rowspan=2|93.926405(9)
| rowspan=2|2.702(5)&nbsp;s
| β<sup>−</sup> (89.99%)
| <sup>94</sup>Sr
| rowspan=2|3(−)
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
|-
| β<sup>−</sup>, n (10.01%)
| <sup>93</sup>Sr
|-
| rowspan=2|<sup>95</sup>Rb
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 37
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 58
| rowspan=2|94.929303(23)
| rowspan=2|377.5(8)&nbsp;ms
| β<sup>−</sup> (91.27%)
| <sup>95</sup>Sr
| rowspan=2|5/2−
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
|-
| β<sup>−</sup>, n (8.73%)
| <sup>94</sup>Sr
|-
| rowspan=2|<sup>96</sup>Rb
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 37
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 59
| rowspan=2|95.93427(3)
| rowspan=2|202.8(33)&nbsp;ms
| β<sup>−</sup> (86.6%)
| <sup>96</sup>Sr
| rowspan=2|2+
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
|-
| β<sup>−</sup>, n (13.4%)
| <sup>95</sup>Sr
|-
| rowspan=3 style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>96m</sup>Rb
| rowspan=3 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 0(200)#&nbsp;keV
| rowspan=3|200#&nbsp;ms [>1&nbsp;ms]
| β<sup>−</sup>
| <sup>96</sup>Sr
| rowspan=3|1(−#)
| rowspan=3|
| rowspan=3|
|-
| IT
| <sup>96</sup>Rb
|-
| β<sup>−</sup>, n
| <sup>95</sup>Sr
|-
| rowspan=2|<sup>97</sup>Rb
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 37
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 60
| rowspan=2|96.93735(3)
| rowspan=2|169.9(7)&nbsp;ms
| β<sup>−</sup> (74.3%)
| <sup>97</sup>Sr
| rowspan=2|3/2+
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
|-
| β<sup>−</sup>, n (25.7%)
| <sup>96</sup>Sr
|-
| rowspan=3|<sup>98</sup>Rb
| rowspan=3 style="text-align:right" | 37
| rowspan=3 style="text-align:right" | 61
| rowspan=3|97.94179(5)
| rowspan=3|114(5)&nbsp;ms
| β<sup>−</sup>(86.14%)
| <sup>98</sup>Sr
| rowspan=3|(0,1)(−#)
| rowspan=3|
| rowspan=3|
|-
| β<sup>−</sup>, n (13.8%)
| <sup>97</sup>Sr
|-
| β<sup>−</sup>, 2n (.051%)
| <sup>96</sup>Sr
|-
| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>98m</sup>Rb
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 290(130)&nbsp;keV
| 96(3)&nbsp;ms
| β<sup>−</sup>
| <sup>97</sup>Sr
| (3,4)(+#)
|
|
|-
| rowspan=2|<sup>99</sup>Rb
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 37
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 62
| rowspan=2|98.94538(13)
| rowspan=2|50.3(7)&nbsp;ms
| β<sup>−</sup> (84.1%)
| <sup>99</sup>Sr
| rowspan=2|(5/2+)
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
|-
| β<sup>−</sup>, n (15.9%)
| <sup>98</sup>Sr
|-
| rowspan=3|<sup>100</sup>Rb
| rowspan=3 style="text-align:right" | 37
| rowspan=3 style="text-align:right" | 63
| rowspan=3|99.94987(32)#
| rowspan=3|51(8)&nbsp;ms
| β<sup>−</sup> (94.25%)
| <sup>100</sup>Sr
| rowspan=3|(3+)
| rowspan=3|
| rowspan=3|
|-
| β<sup>−</sup>, n (5.6%)
| <sup>99</sup>Sr
|-
| β<sup>−</sup>, 2n (.15%)
| <sup>98</sup>Sr
|-
| rowspan=2|<sup>101</sup>Rb
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 37
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 64
| rowspan=2|100.95320(18)
| rowspan=2|32(5)&nbsp;ms
| β<sup>−</sup> (69%)
| <sup>101</sup>Sr
| rowspan=2|(3/2+)#
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
|-
| β<sup>−</sup>, n (31%)
| <sup>100</sup>Sr
|-
| rowspan=2|<sup>102</sup>Rb
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 37
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 65
| rowspan=2|101.95887(54)#
| rowspan=2|37(5)&nbsp;ms
| β<sup>−</sup> (82%)
| <sup>102</sup>Sr
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
|-
| β<sup>−</sup>, n (18%)
| <sup>101</sup>Sr
|-
| <sup>103</sup>Rb<ref name="Ohnishi">((cite journal |title=Identification of 45 New Neutron-Rich Isotopes Produced by In-Flight Fission of a <sup>238</sup>U Beam at 345 MeV/nucleon |first1=Tetsuya |last1=Ohnishi |first2=Toshiyuki |last2=Kubo |first3=Kensuke |last3=Kusaka |display-authors=etal |date=2010 |journal=J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. |publisher=Physical Society of Japan |volume=79 |number=7 |page=073201 |doi=10.1143/JPSJ.79.073201|arxiv=1006.0305 |bibcode=2010JPSJ...79g3201T | doi-access=free))</ref>
| style="text-align:right" | 37
| style="text-align:right" | 66
| 
| 26 ms
| β<sup>−</sup>
| <sup>103</sup>Sr
| 
|
|
|-
| <sup>104</sup>Rb<ref name="Shimizu">((Cite journal|doi = 10.7566/JPSJ.87.014203|title = Observation of New Neutron-rich Isotopes among Fission Fragments from In-flight Fission of 345 MeV/Nucleon 238U: Search for New Isotopes Conducted Concurrently with Decay Measurement Campaigns|year = 2018|last1 = Shimizu|first1 = Yohei|last2 = Kubo|first2 = Toshiyuki|last3 = Fukuda|first3 = Naoki|last4 = Inabe|first4 = Naohito|last5 = Kameda|first5 = Daisuke|last6 = Sato|first6 = Hiromi|last7 = Suzuki|first7 = Hiroshi|last8 = Takeda|first8 = Hiroyuki|last9 = Yoshida|first9 = Koichi|last10 = Lorusso|first10 = Giuseppe|last11 = Watanabe|first11 = Hiroshi|last12 = Simpson|first12 = Gary S.|last13 = Jungclaus|first13 = Andrea|last14 = Baba|first14 = Hidetada|last15 = Browne|first15 = Frank|last16 = Doornenbal|first16 = Pieter|last17 = Gey|first17 = Guillaunme|last18 = Isobe|first18 = Tadaaki|last19 = Li|first19 = Zhihuan|last20 = Nishimura|first20 = Shunji|last21 = Söderström|first21 = Pär-Anders|last22 = Sumikama|first22 = Toshiyuki|last23 = Taprogge|first23 = Jan|last24 = Vajta|first24 = Zsolt|last25 = Wu|first25 = Jin|last26 = Xu|first26 = Zhengyu|last27 = Odahara|first27 = Atsuko|last28 = Yagi|first28 = Ayumi|last29 = Nishibata|first29 = Hiroki|last30 = Lozeva|first30 = Radomira|journal = Journal of the Physical Society of Japan|volume = 87| issue=1 |page = 014203| bibcode=2018JPSJ...87a4203S |display-authors = 1|doi-access = free))</ref>
| style="text-align:right" | 37
| style="text-align:right" | 67
| 
| 35# ms (>550 ns)
| β<sup>−</sup>?
| <sup>104</sup>Sr
| 
|
|
|-
| <sup>105</sup>Rb<ref name="Sumikama(Rb)">((cite journal|title=Observation of new neutron-rich isotopes in the vicinity of 110Zr|url=https://journals.aps.org/prc/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevC.103.014614|first1=T.|last1=Sumikama|journal=Physical Review C|display-authors=et al.|date=2021|volume=103|issue=1|page=014614|doi=10.1103/PhysRevC.103.014614|bibcode=2021PhRvC.103a4614S |s2cid=234019083|hdl=10261/260248|hdl-access=free))</ref>
| style="text-align:right" | 37
| style="text-align:right" | 68
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|
|
|-
| <sup>106</sup>Rb<ref name="Sumikama(Rb)" />
| style="text-align:right" | 37
| style="text-align:right" | 69
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|
|
((Isotopes table/footer))

==Rubidium-87==

Rubidium-87 was the first and the most popular atom for making [[Bose–Einstein condensate]]s in dilute [[atomic gas]]es. Even though [[rubidium-85]] is more abundant, rubidium-87 has a positive scattering length, which means it is mutually repulsive, at low temperatures. This prevents a collapse of all but the smallest condensates. It is also easy to evaporatively cool, with a consistent strong mutual scattering. There is also a strong supply of cheap uncoated [[diode laser]]s typically used in [[CD writer]]s, which can operate at the correct wavelength.

Rubidium-87 has an atomic mass of 86.9091835&nbsp;u, and a binding energy of 757,853&nbsp;keV. Its atomic percent abundance is 27.835%, and has a half-life of ((val|4.92|e=10|u=years)).

== References ==
<references />
* Isotope masses from:
**((NUBASE 2003))
* Isotopic compositions and standard atomic masses from:
**((CIAAW2003))
**((CIAAW 2005))
* Half-life, spin, and isomer data selected from the following sources.
**((NUBASE 2003))
**((NNDC))
**((CRC85|chapter=11))

((Navbox element isotopes))

[[Category:Isotopes of rubidium| ]]
[[Category:Rubidium]]
[[Category:Lists of isotopes by element|Rubidium]]

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