Isparta
Municipality
Isparta seen from a mountain
Isparta seen from a mountain
Official logo of Isparta
Logo
Isparta is located in Turkey
Isparta
Isparta
Location in Turkey
Coordinates: 37°45′53″N 30°33′24″E / 37.76472°N 30.55667°E / 37.76472; 30.55667
CountryTurkey
ProvinceIsparta
DistrictIsparta
Government
 • MayorŞükrü Başdeğirmen (AKP)
Elevation
1,035 m (3,396 ft)
Population
 (2022)[1]
247,580
Time zoneUTC+3 (TRT)
Postal code
32000
Area code0246
Websitewww.isparta.bel.tr

Isparta is a city in western Turkey. It is the seat of Isparta Province and Isparta District.[2] Its population is 247,580 (2022).[1] Its elevation is 1035 m. It is known as the "City of Roses".

Isparta is well-connected to other parts of Turkey via roads. Antalya lies 130 km to the south and Eskişehir is 350 km to the north.

Süleyman Demirel University has introduced thousands of youths from varied backgrounds to the city's mostly conservative fabric in recent years. The city's football team, Ispartaspor, plays in Group 7 of the Turkish Regional Amateur League.

History

Men, the local god. Statue in Hellenistic style, Roman period, +/- 2nd century AD in Isparta Museum

Roman era

Isparta is a Turkish spelling of Greek Sparta, by prothesis declustering.[3]

Isparta was said to correspond to the ancient city of Baris, which is a namesake and was part of the Roman province of Pisidia.[4] A later theory has it instead as the Eastern Roman fortress Saporda; in Muslim sources it appears as Sabarta.[5] GE Bean characterized the situation thus: "These perpetually shifting conceptions leave the reader quite bewildered."[6] Modern scholars locate Baris near Kılıç, in Keçiborlu district, Isparta province.[7][8]

At an early stage it became a Christian bishopric, a suffragan of the Metropolitan see of Antioch of Pisidia, the capital of the province. The names of two of its bishops are known with certainty: Heraclius participated in the First Council of Nicaea in 325 and Leo in the Second Council of Nicaea in 787. In addition, Paulus was at the Council of Constantinople (869) and Stephanus was at the Council of Constantinople (879), but one or both of these may have been of the Baris in the Roman province of Hellespontus.[9][10] Like most sees in Asia Minor, it faded away.

Notable flight crashes

On 19 September 1976, Turkish Airlines Flight 452, a Boeing 727 aircraft, crashed on a hill in Isparta, also known Mount Karatepe, killing all 154 passengers and crew.

On 30 November 2007, Atlasjet Flight 4203 crashed on approach to Isparta Süleyman Demirel Airport, killing all 57 passengers and crew.

Titular see

No longer a residential bishopric, 'Baris in Pisidia' is today listed by the Catholic Church as a titular bishopric, nominal suffragan of Nicomedia,[12] since the diocese was nominally restored in 1933: Latin adjective Baren(us) in Pisidia (Latin). It has been vacant for decades, having had the following incumbents, so far of the fitting Episcopal (lowest) rank:[13]

Economy

Lake Kovada National Park, a popular tourism destination in Isparta Province

Main article: Carpet weaving in Isparta

The main economic activities of Isparta are the production of rosewater and handmade carpets. Tourism, both local and increasingly international due to "biblical tourism", is becoming an important source of revenue.

In the early 20th century, carpetmaking was a major industry in Isparta.[14]

Climate

Isparta has a Hot-summer Mediterranean climate (Köppen climate classification: Csa), or a temperate continental climate (Trewartha climate classification: Dc). Winters are chilly, rainy and often snowy, summers are hot and dry. The lakes around the city have an important moderating influence on the climate. Precipitation occurs mostly in the winter months, with a notable decrease in summer.

Climate data for Isparta (1991–2020, extremes 1929–2023)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 17.6
(63.7) 		22.5
(72.5) 		26.8
(80.2) 		29.5
(85.1) 		35.4
(95.7) 		36.2
(97.2) 		39.2
(102.6) 		40.3
(104.5) 		37.4
(99.3) 		33.5
(92.3) 		25.4
(77.7) 		20.0
(68.0) 		40.3
(104.5)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 6.6
(43.9) 		8.4
(47.1) 		12.3
(54.1) 		17.0
(62.6) 		22.3
(72.1) 		27.3
(81.1) 		31.2
(88.2) 		31.4
(88.5) 		27.2
(81.0) 		21.2
(70.2) 		14.4
(57.9) 		8.5
(47.3) 		19.0
(66.2)
Daily mean °C (°F) 1.8
(35.2) 		3.3
(37.9) 		6.6
(43.9) 		10.8
(51.4) 		15.6
(60.1) 		20.3
(68.5) 		24.0
(75.2) 		23.9
(75.0) 		19.3
(66.7) 		13.8
(56.8) 		7.7
(45.9) 		3.5
(38.3) 		12.5
(54.5)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) −2.1
(28.2) 		−1.1
(30.0) 		1.3
(34.3) 		4.8
(40.6) 		8.9
(48.0) 		13.0
(55.4) 		16.2
(61.2) 		16.0
(60.8) 		11.5
(52.7) 		7.2
(45.0) 		2.2
(36.0) 		−0.5
(31.1) 		6.5
(43.7)
Record low °C (°F) −19.2
(−2.6) 		−21.0
(−5.8) 		−18.5
(−1.3) 		−7.7
(18.1) 		−1.2
(29.8) 		4.3
(39.7) 		4.9
(40.8) 		7.0
(44.6) 		−0.8
(30.6) 		−4.2
(24.4) 		−11.5
(11.3) 		−15.4
(4.3) 		−21.0
(−5.8)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 70.3
(2.77) 		51.5
(2.03) 		55.2
(2.17) 		51.6
(2.03) 		60.1
(2.37) 		30.9
(1.22) 		19.3
(0.76) 		16.1
(0.63) 		20.8
(0.82) 		38.5
(1.52) 		43.6
(1.72) 		68.4
(2.69) 		526.3
(20.72)
Average precipitation days 12.17 10.97 11.10 11.60 12.20 7.60 3.83 4.10 4.93 7.27 7.73 11.63 105.1
Average relative humidity (%) 73.8 69.7 65 62 60.6 54.4 47.3 48.9 53.7 63.1 68.5 74.8 61.8
Mean monthly sunshine hours 114.7 135.6 179.8 204.0 251.1 297.0 334.8 316.2 273.0 217.0 165.0 111.6 2,599.8
Mean daily sunshine hours 3.7 4.8 5.8 6.8 8.1 9.9 10.8 10.2 9.1 7.0 5.5 3.6 7.1
Source 1: Turkish State Meteorological Service[15][16]
Source 2: NOAA(humidity)[17]

Sights

The city lies close to a fault line and is thus prone to violent earthquakes. Most of the ancient city was destroyed by an earthquake 1914. So there are only a few historical buildings left. The oldest building is the Kutlu Bey Mosque (or Ulu Camii, which means great Mosque), built in 1429 by Kutlu Bey, a general of Sultan Murad II. It was very badly destroyed by the earthquake 1914, but restored 1922. Famous is the Firdevs-Bey-Camii (Mosque) (also: Firdevs Paşa Camii, Mimar Sinan Camii) from 1561. The mosque and the neighboring Bedesten (market hall) are attributed to the architect Sinan. Badly damaged by earthquake in 1914, it was renovated afterwards.

Most of the churches have been destroyed, only a few remain, especially the Aya Payana Church (Turkish: Aya Baniya Kilisesi); a Greek-Orthodox church from 1750. In a state of ruin since 1923, the roof was re-covered in 1999. Another renovation is planned but has not yet been carried out (as of 2022)


The city also has a museum.

Other sights include:

Notable people

Twin towns – sister cities

See also: List of twin towns and sister cities in Turkey

Isparta is twinned with:

See also

References

  1. ^ a b "Address-based population registration system (ADNKS) results dated 31 December 2022, Favorite Reports" (XLS). TÜİK. Retrieved 13 March 2023.
  2. ^ İl Belediyesi, Turkey Civil Administration Departments Inventory. Retrieved 1 March 2023.
  3. ^ Studies in Etymology and Etiology: With Emphasis on Germanic, Jewish, Romance and Slavic Languages, page 316, by David L. Gold
  4. ^ Encyclopaedia of Islam, First Edition (1913-1936), section "Isparta", Mordtmann, J. H.
  5. ^ Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, section "Isparta", Flemming, B.
  6. ^ Anatolian Studies. Volume 9. 1959. Notes and Inscriptions from Pisidia, Part 1, page 74, by G. E. Bean
  7. ^ Richard Talbert, ed. (2000). Barrington Atlas of the Greek and Roman World. Princeton University Press. p. 65, and directory notes accompanying. ISBN 978-0-691-03169-9.
  8. ^ Lund University. Digital Atlas of the Roman Empire.
  9. ^ Michel Lequien, Oriens christianus in quatuor Patriarchatus digestus, Paris 1740, Vol. I, coll. 1049–1050
  10. ^ Raymond Janin, v. 2. Baris, in Dictionnaire d'Histoire et de Géographie ecclésiastiques, vol. VI, 1932, col. 808
  11. ^ Kemal Karpat (1985), Ottoman Population, 1830-1914, Demographic and Social Characteristics, The University of Wisconsin Press, p. 180-181
  12. ^ Annuario Pontificio 2013 (Libreria Editrice Vaticana 2013 ISBN 978-88-209-9070-1), p. 847
  13. ^ http://www.gcatholic.org/dioceses/former/t0281.htm GCatholic
  14. ^ Prothero, G. W. (1920). Anatolia. London: H.M. Stationery Office. p. 110.
  15. ^ "Resmi İstatistikler: İllerimize Ait Mevism Normalleri (1991–2020)" (in Turkish). Turkish State Meteorological Service. Retrieved 28 June 2021.
  16. ^ "İllerimize Ait Genel İstatistik Verileri" [General statistical data for provinces]. mgm.gov.tr (in Turkish). Meteoroloji Genel Müdürlüğü. Retrieved 8 April 2024.
  17. ^ "WMO Climate Normals for 1991-2020: Isparta" (CSV). National oceanic and atmospheric administration. Retrieved 8 April 2024.
  18. ^ "خواهرهای ناتنی "همدان" را فراموش کرده‌اند؟". isna.ir (in Persian). Iranian Students' News Agency. 13 October 2019. Retrieved 19 June 2020.
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