Cavour
History
Italy
Name	Cavour[1]
Namesake	Camillo Benso, conte di Cavour
Ordered	22 November 2000
Builder	Fincantieri
Cost	€1.39 billion (2010)
Laid down	17 July 2001
Launched	20 July 2004
Commissioned	27 March 2008
In service	10 June 2009
Homeport	Taranto
Identification	Pennant number: 550
Motto	In arduis servare mentem
Status	Active
General characteristics
Type	Aircraft carrier
Displacement	27,100 metric tons (26,700 long tons)[2] (30,000 MT full load)[3]
Length	– 244 m (800 ft 6 in) LOA[4]
Beam	– 29.1 m (95 ft 6 in) – 39 m (127 ft 11 in) moulded breadth
Draught	8.7 m (28 ft 7 in)
Propulsion	– COGAG scheme – 2 × shafts – 4 × General Electric/Avio LM2500+ gas turbines providing 88,000 kW (118,000 bhp) – 6 × diesel generators Wärtsila CW 12V200 13,200 kW (17,700 bhp)
Speed	+29 knots (54 km/h; 33 mph) (Max sustained speed, 85% MCR)
Range	7,000 nmi (13,000 km; 8,100 mi) at 16 knots (30 km/h; 18 mph)
Complement	– 1,202 (90 more on option) of which: – 5 Flag Officers and VIPs – 486 crew – 211 embarked air wing – 140 C4 staff – 360 troops (90 more on option)
Sensors and processing systems	– Selex RAN-40L 3D L-band long-range radar[6] – Selex ES EMPAR (SPY-790) multifunction radar – Selex ES RAN-30X/I RASS (SPS-791) surface radar[6] – 2 × SELEX ES RTN-25X Orion, fire direction radars – PAR (Precision Approach Radar) Selex ES MM/SPN-720 – PALS (Precision Approach and Landing System) Telephonics AN/SPN-41A [7] – 2 × GEM Elettronica MM/SPN-753(v)10 navigation radars – Selex ES SIR-R/S IFF system[6] – TACAN SRN-15 A – WASS SNA-2000 Mine Avoidance Sonar (Leonardo Thesan) – 2 × Selex ES IRST SASS (Silent Acquisition and Surveillance System) – GEM Elettronica IRST EOSS-100 – underwater telephone
Electronic warfare & decoys	– Elettronica Spa NETTUNO-4100 ECM System – EW System (RESM/CESM, RECM)
Armament	4 × 8-cell A-43 Sylver launchers carrying the MBDA Aster 15 surface-to-air missile 2 × OTO Melara 76/62 mm Strales guns 3 × OTO Melara 25/80 gun with Oerlikon KBA 25mm 2 × ODLS-H/ODLS OTO Melara decoy launching systems
Aircraft carried	– flight deck: 232.60 m (763 ft 1 in) × 34.5 m (113 ft 2 in) – 20–30[5] hangar capacity: – 134.2 m (440 ft 3 in) × 21.0 m (68 ft 11 in) – 10 × F-35B Lightning II – 12 × AgustaWestland AW101
Notes	4 LCVP

Cavour (Italian: portaerei Cavour) is an Italian aircraft carrier launched in 2004. She is the flagship of the Italian Navy.

Design

The ship is designed to combine fixed-wing V/STOL and helicopter air operations, command and control operations, and the transport of military or civil personnel and heavy vehicles. The 134 m (440 ft), 2,800 m² (30,000 sq ft) hangar space can double as a vehicle hold capable of holding up to 24 main battle tanks (typically Ariete) or many more lighter vehicles (50 Dardo IFV, 100+ Iveco LMV), and is fitted aft with access ramps rated to 70 tons, as well as two elevators rated up to 30 tons for aircraft. Cavour can also operate as landing platform helicopter, accommodating heavy transport helicopters (AgustaWestland UH-101A ASH) and 325 marines (91 more, on option).^[8] The Cavour has a displacement of 27,900 tons but can reach more than 30,000 tons at full military capacity.^[2]

It complements the Italian navy's other aircraft carrier, the Giuseppe Garibaldi.

The Italian Navy will replace its 16 Harriers with 15 (originally 22) Lockheed Martin F-35B Lightning IIs.^[9] By May 2020, the modernization to allow Cavour to support the F-35B was completed, and the carrier was ready for subsequent integration trials.^[10] Cavour will have room for ten F-35Bs in the hangar, and six more parked on deck.^[9]

Construction

Cavour was laid down by Fincantieri in June 2001, and was launched from the Riva Trigoso shipyard in Sestri Levante, on 20 July 2004.^[11] Sea trials began in December 2006, and she was officially commissioned 27 March 2008. Full operational capability (FOC) was reached 10 June 2009.

Service history

On 19 January 2010, Cavour was dispatched to Haiti as part of Operation White Crane, Italy's operation for 2010 Haiti earthquake relief.^[12] This was the first mission of the aircraft carrier, where it supplemented international efforts to provide relief for the victims of the 2010 Haiti earthquake.^[13]

It is reported that modernization works on the Cavour has been completed. In May 2020, it was announced the Italian aircraft carrier would undertake a preparatory training before sailing to the U.S. where the ship would conduct trials with the F-35B STOVL.^[10]

In February 2021, Cavour deployed to the United States for its initial period of flying trials with the F-35B. This saw the ship engage in four weeks of verification to determine the performance envelope of the aircraft when operating from the flight deck, using a pair of aircraft from VX-23, the US Navy's Test and Evaluation Squadron. Once these trials were completed, and the ship was passed for operation of the F-35B, it would move to the next phase of fixed-wing flying trials, which would see Italy's own aircraft begin operating from the carrier.^[14] On 9 March 2021, USNS John Lenthall replenished her in the western Atlantic Ocean.^[15] Then on 20 March, she operated alongside USS Gerald R. Ford in the Atlantic Ocean.^[16] On 26 March, she was in Norfolk, Virginia when the F-35B trial was completed.^[17] She left Norfolk on 16 April and returned to homeport Taranto on 30 April.^[18]

Initial operating capability is expected for 2024.^[19]

In February 2022, she was part of interoperability training operations with the American carrier Harry S. Truman and the French carrier Charles de Gaulle in the lead up to the Russian war of aggression against Ukraine.^[20] In October 2023, she is docked at Civitavecchia (near Rome) along with her escort, the frigate Carlo Bergamini (F590).