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((Multiple issues|
((refimprove|date=March 2010))
((Rough translation|Italian|date=August 2022))
))
((Architecture of Italy))
'''Italian modern and contemporary architecture''' refers to architecture in Italy during the 20th and 21st centuries.

==Styles==
[[File:Casadelfascio 2008.jpg|thumb|left|250px|[[Casa del Fascio (Como)|Casa del Fascio]], Como]]
[[File:Chiaesaautostrada202.jpg|250px|left|thumb|[[Chiesa dell'Autostrada del Sole]], near Florence]]
[[File:Jubilee Church Rome.JPG|250px|thumb|left|[[Chiesa di Dio Padre Misericordioso]], Rome]]
===Beginning of 20th century===
The [[Art Nouveau]] style was introduced in [[Italy]] by figures such as [[Giuseppe Sommaruga]] and [[Ernesto Basile]] (the former designed the [[Palazzo Castiglioni (Milan)|Palazzo Castiglioni]] and the latter expanded the [[Palazzo Montecitorio]] in Rome). The principles of this new style were published in 1914 in the ''Manifesto dell'Architettura Futurista'' (Manifesto of Futurist [[Architecture]]) by [[Antonio Sant'Elia]]. The Italian group of architects [[Gruppo 7]] (1926) embraced [[Rationalism (architecture)|Rationalism]] and [[Modernism]] principles. After the dissolution of the group, its distinguished figures [[Giuseppe Terragni]] ([[Casa del Fascio]], [[Como]]), [[Adalberto Libera]] ([[Villa Malaparte]] in [[Capri]]) and [[Giovanni Michelucci]] ([[Santa Maria Novella Station]] in [[Florence]], in collaboration) emerged. During [[Fascist Italy (1922–1943)|the Fascist period]], the so-called "[[Novecento movement]]" flourished, with figures such as [[Gio Ponti]], [[Peter Aschieri]], [[Giovanni Muzio]]. This movement was based on the rediscovery of [[Roman Empire|imperial Rome]]. [[Marcello Piacentini]], who was responsible for the urban transformations of several cities in Italy, and remembered for the disputed [[Via della Conciliazione]] in Rome, devised a form of "simplified [[Neoclassicism]]".

===Fascism===
The period of time following the end of World War II was marked by several architectural talents, such as [[Luigi Moretti]], [[Carlo Scarpa]], [[Franco Albini]], [[Giò Ponti]], and [[Tomaso Buzzi]], amongst others, with various styles. [[Pier Luigi Nervi]], for example, designed bold and concrete structures, and acquired an international reputation: his work also influenced [[Riccardo Morandi]] and [[Sergio Musmeci]]. In a series of interesting debates, brought forward by critics such as [[Bruno Zevi]], Rationalism prevailed, of which the [[Rome Termini Station]] can be said to be a [[Paradigm|paradigmatic]] work. The [[Neorealism (art)|neorealism]] of [[Giovanni Michelucci]] (designer of numerous churches in [[Tuscany]]), [[Charles Aymonino]], [[Mario Ridolfi]] and others ([[INA-Casa|INA-Casa neighbourhoods]]) was followed by the ''[[Neoliberty]]'' style (seen in earlier works of [[Vittorio Gregotti]]) and [[Brutalist architecture]] ([[Torre Velasca]] in Milan group [[BBPR]], a [[Architecture of Florence|residential building via Piagentina]] in Florence, [[Leonardo Savioli]] and works by [[Giancarlo De Carlo]]).

===Modernism===
[[Carlo Scarpa]] executed many modernist projects throughout the [[Veneto]] region and particularly in [[Venice]]. [[Le Corbusier]] and [[Frank Lloyd Wright]] did not build anything in Italy, as opposed to [[Alvar Aalto]] ([[Santa Maria Assunta, Riola di Vergato|Santa Maria Assunta (Riola) Church of the Assumption]] in [[Vergato|Riola, Vergato]]), [[Kenzo Tange]] (towers of Bologna Fair, the floor of [[Centro Direzionale (Naples)|Naples central business district (CDN)]]) and [[Oscar Niemeyer]] (home of [[Arnoldo Mondadori Editore|Mondadori]] in [[Segrate]]). The [[Postmodern architecture|Postmodern]] style in architecture, anticipated by [[Paolo Portoghesi]] around 1960, can be seen in the "Teatro del Mondo" (Theatre of the World) built by [[Aldo Rossi]] for the [[Venice Biennale]] of 1980.

Rationalism also influenced Modernism in Italian architecture. Particularly, this design ethos reconciled the modern aesthetic ideals with religion, since this particular motif was not inimical to the priorities of the modern Italian architects. It gave rise to the so-called "secular-spirituality" – an element in Italian modernism – that focuses on the concept of enlightened rationalism.<ref name=Lejeune>((Cite book|title=Modern Architecture and the Mediterranean: Vernacular Dialogues and Contested Identities|last1=Lejeune|first1=Jean-Francois|last2=Sabatino|first2=Michelangelo|publisher=Routledge|year=2009|isbn=978-0415776332|location=London|pages=48))</ref> Another aspect of Italian modernism involves the diversity of interpretations with respect to how modernity is experienced. For example, the northern regions interpreted unornamented design as a rejection of culture and style.<ref name=Lejeune/>

===Post-modernism===
[[File:Auditorium Parco della Musica, Roma, terrazza in rosso.jpg|thumb|[[Parco della Musica]] in Rome, designed by [[Renzo Piano]], 2016]]
Among the principal architects working in Italy between the end of the 20th and the beginning of the 21st centuries were [[Renzo Piano]] ([[Stadio San Nicola]] in Bari, restructuring the Old [[Port of Genoa]], Auditorium [[Parco della Musica]] in Rome, [[Padre Pio]] in San Giovanni Rotondo), [[Massimiliano Fuksas]] (skyscraper in the Piedmont region, Convention Center in the [[EUR]]), [[Gae Aulenti]] (the [[National Railway Museum of Pietrarsa|Railway Museum]] (Naples metro) of [[Naples Metro|Naples underground]]), the Swiss [[Mario Botta]] ([[:it:MART|Museum of Modern and Contemporary Art of Trento and Rovereto]], renovation of the [[Teatro alla Scala]] in Milan), [[Zaha Hadid]] ([[MAXXI – National Museum of the 21st Century Arts|National Museum of the 21st Century Arts]] in Rome, skyscraper "Lo Storto" in Milan), [[Richard Meier]] ([[Church of God Merciful Father]] and the [[Ara Pacis|casket of the Ara Pacis]], in Rome), [[Norman Foster, Baron Foster of Thames Bank|Norman Foster]] (Campus Luigi Einaudi in [[Turin]], and the Belfiore station in [[Florence]]), [[Daniel Libeskind]] (skyscraper "Il Curvo" in Milan) and [[Arata Isozaki]] ([[Palasport Olimpico]] in Turin, with [[Pier Paolo Maggiora]] and [[Marco Brizio]], "Il Dritto" skyscraper in Milan).

One of the prominent features of the [[Postmodernism|postmodernist]] architecture in Italy can be identified as a reaction to modernism and to the [[Italian Fascism|fascist]] regime, which appropriated [[Classical architecture|classical architectural]] forms and modernity. After these periods, there was an identifiable attempt to search for new design directions. Emergent works began to demonstrate atmospheres of [[nostalgia]] and memory.<ref name=Jones>((Cite book|title=Modern Architecture Through Case Studies 1945 to 1990|last1=Jones|first1=Peter|last2=Canniffe|first2=Eamonn|publisher=Elsevier|year=2007|isbn=9780750663748|location=Boston|pages=189))</ref> A group of young architects such as those who formed the group "La Tendenza" (e.g. [[Carlo Aymonino]], [[Giorgio Grassi]] and [[Aldo Rossi]]) began to explore the question of memory and the glory of the Italian past, integrating their [[Motif (visual arts)|motifs]] in their works as physical presence and poetic content.<ref name=Jones/> They endeavored to expose the weaknesses of modernism, such as their critique of [[urbanism]].

==See also==
* [[Timeline of Italian architecture]]

==References==
((Reflist))

==External links==
*[http://cdm.reed.edu/ara-pacis/meier/exterior/front/front-1.php Ara Pacis Museum by Richard Meier and Associates]

((Modern architecture))
((Modernism))

((DEFAULTSORT:Italian Modern And Contemporary Architecture))
[[Category:Modernist architecture in Italy| ]]
[[Category:Architecture in Italy by period or style|M]]
[[Category:Architecture in Italy|*Modern]]

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