Gamberini graduated from the then School of Architecture in Florence in 1932, where he began his teaching career as a voluntary assistant to Raffaello Brizzi. With his thesis, he conceived the foundation for the design of the new Florence Santa Maria Novella station, built between 1932 and 1935 by the Gruppo Toscano, which included Nello Baroni, Pier Niccolò Berardi, Sarre Guarnieri, Leonardo Lusanna, and Giovanni Michelucci. From 1945, he was a lecturer for the chair of Architectural Elements and Monument Surveying until 1961, when he became a tenured professor. From 1965, he also held the chair of Architectural Composition IV and V until 1977 as a full professor, and later until 1982 as an extraordinary professor.
F. Gurrieri; L. Macci; U. Tramonti (1995). Italo Gamberini. L'architettura dal razionalismo all'internazionalismo. Florence: Edifir.
Elisabetta Insabato; Cecilia Ghelli, eds. (2007). Guida agli archivi di architetti e ingegneri del Novecento in Toscana. Florence: Edifir. pp. 185–189.
Andrea Bulleri (2006). Italo Gamberini. Gli elementi costitutivi e la dimensione urbana del progetto. Pisa: ETS. ISBN978-88-467-1662-0.