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((hatnote|For the Russian Senator and Privy Councilor, see [[Ivan Alexeyevich Gagarin]]))
((more citations needed|date=May 2014))
((Infobox person 
| honorific_prefix = [[His Highness]]
| name = Prince Ivan Gagarin
| honorific_suffix = [[Society of Jesus|SJ]]
| image = Ivan Gagarine (1814-1882).jpg
| caption = 
| birth_name = 
| birth_date = August 1, 1814
| birth_place = [[Moscow]], Russia
| death_date = July 19, 1882
| death_place = [[Paris]], France
| death_cause = 
| resting_place = 
| resting_place_coordinates = 
| nationality =
| other_names = Jean-Xavier
| known_for = 
| education =
| alma mater = 
| employer = 
| occupation = Priest
| title =
| term = 
| predecessor = 
| successor = 
| party =
| boards = 
| spouse = 
| children = 
| parents = Sergey Gagarin<br/>Varvara Pushkina
| relatives = 
))
Prince '''Ivan Sergeyevich Gagarin''' [[Society of Jesus|SJ]] (Иван Сергеевич Гагарин; born in Moscow, 1 August 1814; died in Paris, 19 July 1882) was a Russian [[Society of Jesus|Jesuit]], known also as ''Jean-Xavier'' after his [[Religious conversion|conversion]] from [[Russian Orthodox Church|Orthodoxy]] to [[Roman Catholic Church|Roman Catholicism]]. He was of the [[Gagarin family]], which traces its origin to the medieval rulers of [[Starodub-on-the-Klyazma]]. He was the founding editor of ''[[Études (journal)|Études]]''.

==Life==
He was the son of the Russian state-councillor, Prince Sergey Gagarin, and Varvara Pushkina. He entered the service of the state at an early age, and was first named attaché to his uncle, Prince Gregory Gagarin, at [[Munich]], on whose death, in 1837, he acted as secretary to the legation at [[Vienna]]. He was afterwards transferred to the Russian embassy at Paris, where his services were requisitioned in a similar capacity.

He frequented the salon of his near relation, Madame [[Sophie Swetchine]], and was on terms of familiar intercourse with Father de [[Ravignan]], [[Jean-Baptiste Henri Lacordaire|Lacordaire's]] successor in the pulpit of [[Notre-Dame de Paris]].

His [[Religious conversion|conversion]] to Catholicism took place in 1842. On 19 April of that year Gagarin made his [[profession of faith]], and was received into the [[Catholic Church]] by Ravignan. According to Russian law, this put an end to his diplomatic career, and he forfeited all rights to his inheritance.

In the latter half of 1843 he entered the [[Society of Jesus]], and passed his [[novitiate]] at [[College of Saint-Acheul|Saint-Acheul]]. He was afterwards sent to [[Brugelette]] (in [[Belgium]]) where the French Jesuits in exile had a high school. He then taught church history and philosophy, at the [[College of Vaugirard]] and the school of [[Ste-Geneviève]], and at [[Laval, Mayenne|Laval]]. He spent some time in [[Versailles (city)|Versailles]] and, in 1855, was back at Paris. From this time onwards he wrote extensively in the Catholic cause.

When the religious orders were expelled from France, Gagarin went to Switzerland, but soon returned to Paris, where he died.

==Works==
Gagarin's literary output was considerable; many of his articles which appeared in current reviews and periodicals were afterwards collected and published in book form.

As a [[Polemic|polemist]] Gagarin was thorough, and his work as a religious propagandist was of importance. His main object was win over Russia to the Catholic Church. In conjunction with Fr. Daniel, Gagarin founded (1856) the journal "Etudes de théologie, de philosophie et d'histoire" (merged into "Etudes religieuses, historiques et littéraires", 1862);<ref>The Journal is still extant under the name of ''[http://www.revue-etudes.com/ Études]'' and is published monthly from Paris</ref> he established the "Œuvre de Prop. des Sts. Cyrille et Méthode" (1858), to promote corporate union amongst the Churches; and contributed to the "Contemporain", "Univers", "Ami de la Religion", "Précis historiques", "Correspondant", "Revue des questions historiques", etc.

The "Polybiblion" (Paris, 1882), another review in which articles appeared from the pen of Gagarin, exhibits (XXXV, 166-188) a long list of his writings. These include: 
*"La question religieuse dans l'Orient" (1854);
*"La Russie sera-t-elle catholique?" (Paris, 1856), tr. German (Münster, 1857), and rendered into other languages;
* "De l'Enseignement de la théologie dans l'Eglise russe" (1856);
*"Un document inédit sur l'expulsion des Jésuites de Moscou" (1857);
*"Les Starovères, l'Eglise russe et le Pape" (1857);
*"De la Réunion de l'Eglise orientale avec l'Eglise romaine" (1860);
*"Réponse d'un Russe à un Russe" (1860);
*"Tendences catholiques dans la société russe" (1860);
*"L'avenir de l'Eglise grecque unie" (1862);
*"La primauté de Saint-Pierre et les livres liturgiques de l'Eglise russe" (1863).

Gagarin also spent several years in [[Constantinople]], where he founded the Society of St. Dionysius the Areopagite, which aimed at reuniting the Greek and Latin Churches. With this object, too, he published:

*"L'Eglise roumaine", etc. (1865);
*"Constitution et situation présente de toutes les Eglises de l'Orient" (Paris, 1865);
*"Les Eglises orientales unies" (1867),

studies on the Oriental Churches. Amongst works of Gagarin's later years are:

*"Les hymnes de l'Eglise russe" (1868);
*the discursive "Le Clergé Russe" (new ed. Brussels, 1871; tr. London, 1872), a collection, in book form, of a series of articles published in the "Etudes religieuses" under the title "La réforme du clergé russe", an indictment of the encroachments of civil aggression on ecclesiastical right;
*"Mémoires d'Archetti" [Paris, Brussels, 1872 - "Les Jésuites de Russie" (1783–1785)];
*and "Religion et Mœurs des Russes", edited by Gagarin (Paris, 1879).

Almost all the above were published at Paris. A portion of his works were re-issued by Brühl, in "Russische Studien zur Theologie und Geschichte" (Münster, 1857); and by Huttler, in "Katholike Studien" (Augsburg, 1865).

==See also==
* [[Eugene Balabin]]
* [[Ivan Mikhailovich Martynov]]

==External sources==
* [http://www.ivan-gagarine.fr Colloque Ivan Gagarin, Paris, 2014, october the 18th] (FR)
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20140910195825/http://www.bibliotheque-diderot.fr/collections/fonds-slave-des-jesuites-127926.kjsp?RH=3BIBDD-04010202 Gagarine Archives, within Slavic Archives of the Jesuit] s, Diderot Library, France (FR)

==References==
((reflist))

;Attribution
*((Catholic|wstitle=Ivan Sergejewitch Gagarin)) The entry cites:
**Streber in ''[[Kirchenlexikon]]'', s. v.;
**Vapereau, ''Dict. des Contemp.'', 6th ed. (Paris, 1893), s. v. Gagarine;
**Rosenthal, ''Convertitenbilder'', III, ii, 194, sqq.
**See also, for indication as to sources, author's preface to various works.

((Authority control))

((DEFAULTSORT:Gagarin, Ivan))
[[Category:1814 births]]
[[Category:1882 deaths]]
[[Category:Converts to Roman Catholicism from Eastern Orthodoxy]]
[[Category:Former Russian Orthodox Christians]]
[[Category:Emigrants from the Russian Empire to France]]
[[Category:Jesuits from the Russian Empire]]
[[Category:Roman Catholic writers]]
[[Category:Expatriates from the Russian Empire]]
[[Category:Expatriates in the Austrian Empire]]
[[Category:19th-century Roman Catholic priests from the Russian Empire]]

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