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((Short description|South African mining business))
((More citations needed|date=May 2022))

'''JCI''' or '''Johannesburg Consolidated Investment Co. Ltd.''' was founded in 1889 by the British entrepreneur [[Barney Barnato]]. JCI was a major force in [[South Africa]]n mining for over 100 years. Using his investments in the [[Kimberley diamond fields]], particularly his 25% share in [[De Beers]], Barnato foresaw the value of and invested in the potential of the [[Witwatersrand]] [[gold]] mines. At first he bought small but rich mines near Germiston – the New Primrose, named after his daughter, and others in the same region.

In 1913 JCI bought the [[Randfontein, Gauteng|Randfontein]] Estates Gold Mining Company, which was a fabulously rich mine, from Sir J.B. Robinson. At the peak of its production Randfontein was equipped with 600 [[stamp mill]]s, the roar of which could be heard in [[Johannesburg]]. Randfontein Estates was an extraordinarily rich mining property, and in the 1950s was a pioneer of [[uranium]] production. During the 1930s Randfontein was the largest gold producer in South Africa, if not the world.

JCI was also involved with numerous mining ventures – [[New State Mines]] at [[Brakpan]], [[Modder Deep Mines]] at [[Benoni, Gauteng|Benoni]], [[Van Dyk Mines]] at [[Benoni, Gauteng|Benoni]]. In the 1960s Randfontein was virtually closed down, and mining was developed at Western Areas on the other side of the shallow valley, but in the 1970s new deposits were discovered to the south of Randfontein and the Cooke Section was opened up in 1976. Cooke produced gold and uranium, the uranium being destined for the [[Koeberg Nuclear Power Station]] fuel.

In addition to the gold mines, 25% of De Beers and a [[controlling interest]] in [[Rustenburg Platinum Holdings]], the world's largest [[platinum]] producer, JCI owned large industrial and property holdings, including the [[Houghton Estate, Gauteng|Houghton]] Estate in northern Johannesburg, and substantial shareholdings in [[South African Breweries]], [[Toyota South Africa]], [[Lennings Industrial]], etc., and was long a target of developers who lusted after the property holdings. [[Anglo American Corporation]] purchased a 52% holding in JCI, agreeing to protect the company against predatory takeovers, and this situation continued until 1994.

JCI installed a technically advanced Precious Metals Refinery at Rustenburg, which processed [[Platinum group|Platinum Group]] metals totally in South Africa, and built a [[ferrochrome]] [[smelter]] at [[Lydenburg]] which was the first in South Africa to directly smelt [[chromite]] fine ore.

In the late 1980s JCI started development of an ultra deep mine to the south of Western Areas, [[South Deep mine|South Deep]]. The ownership of South Deep has now devolved to [[Gold Fields]], and the deposit is still being developed as one of the largest low-grade gold deposits in the world.

In 1995 the majority shareholder, Anglo American Corp, decided to offer JCI to the new political dispensation in South Africa as a [[Black Economic Empowerment]] vehicle. A new Chairman, [[Mzi Khumalo]], took over the mining side, whilst the property and investment side was separated and morphed into [[Johnnic Communications]]. The platinum interests were moved into [[Anglo American Platinum]], Amplats.
JCI was always at the forefront of technical development – trackless mining, ferrochrome processing (CMI, Lydenburg), computer control of process plants, treatment of refractory gold ores – to name a few areas where pioneering work was done.

==Alleged crimes==
It has been alleged by [[Four Corners (Australian TV program)|Four Corners]] that [[Brett Kebble]], John Stratton, and others in their roles as Chairman and directors of the company respectively defrauded and conspired to defraud the company of some 7.6 billion rand.  Additionally, it was alleged that John Stratton then procured Brett Kebble's murder, with which [[Glenn Agliotti]] has been charged.<ref name="abc.net.au 2016">((cite web | title=Four Corners - 02/06/2008: Backgrounder | website=abc.net.au | date=4 March 2016 | url=http://www.abc.net.au/4corners/content/2008/s2262611.htm | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304031607/http://www.abc.net.au/4corners/content/2008/s2262611.htm | archive-date=4 March 2016 | access-date=27 April 2022 |url-status=dead))</ref>

In August 2010, an American company Hemispherx was awarded $188 million Judgment Against JCI by Court in Miami, alleging that JCI wrongly obtained confidential information as part of an effort to devalue Hemispherx's stock price and gain control, according to court papers.((citation needed|date=June 2022))

== See also ==
* ''[[MacDuff v JCI]]''.

==References==
((reflist))

== External links ==
* [http://www.jci.co.za/default.asp?pathid=about_us/corporate_profile/company_profile.htm company page]
* [http://www.abc.net.au/4corners/content/2008/s2262611.htm Four Corner's "Bad Company" transcript]
* [http://www.abc.net.au/4corners/content/2008/s2262759.htm Four Corner's "Bad Company" references]
* [https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2010-08-18/hemispherx-biopharma-awarded-188-million-judgment-in-miami-federal-court.html  Bloomberg article on court case against JCI]

((Witwatersrand companies))
((Authority control))

[[Category:Mining companies of South Africa]]
[[Category:Coal companies of South Africa]]
[[Category:Uranium mining companies of South Africa]]
[[Category:Gold mining companies of South Africa]]
[[Category:Platinum mining companies]]
[[Category:Non-renewable resource companies established in 1889]]
[[Category:1889 establishments in the Cape Colony]]

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