JGR/JNR Class C51 Central China Ry Pashina class (パシナ) China Railways SL9 (勝利9)
Class C51 locomotive C51 5 at Ome Railway Park, May 2006
Type and origin Reference:[1] Power type Steam Builder Kisha Seizō, Mitsubishi, JNR - Hamamatsu Build date 1919-1928 Total produced 289
Specifications Configuration: ​  • Whyte 4-6-2 Pacific Gauge 1,067 mm (3 ft 6 in) Leading dia. 940 mm (3 ft 1 in) Driver dia. 1,750 mm (5 ft 9 in) Trailing dia. 940 mm (3 ft 1 in) Wheelbase 10 m (32 ft 10 in) Length 19.994 m (65 ft 7.2 in) Loco weight 69.6 t Total weight 113.8 t Fuel type Coal Fuel capacity 8 t Water cap. 17 m3 (4,491 US gal) Firebox: ​  • Grate area 2.53 m2 (27 sq ft) Boiler pressure 13 kg/cm2 (180 lbf/in2) Heating surface 127.4 m2 (1,371 sq ft) Superheater: ​  • Heating area 41.4 m2 (446 sq ft) Cylinders Two Cylinder size 53 cm × 66 cm (21 in × 26 in) Valve gear Walschaerts
Performance figures Maximum speed 99.1 km/h (61.6 mph)
Career Retired 1966 Disposition Four preserved (all in Japan), remainder scrapped

The Class C51 (C51形) is a type of 4-6-2 steam locomotive built by Kisha Seizo Mitsubishi and Japanese National Railways (JNR) Hamamatsu Works . The C classification indicates three sets of driving wheels. The C51 introduced 1.75 m (5 ft 9 in) diameter driving wheels to Japan. C51s raised the average speed on the Tōkaidō Main Line from 47.3 km/h (29.4 mph) to 55.3 km/h (34.4 mph). In 1930, a C51 hauled the first Tsubame (swallow) express, reducing travel time between Tokyo and Kōbe to 9 hours.^[1]

China Railway class SL9

To alleviate a severe motive power shortage, sixteen JGR Class C51 locomotives, C51 8, 28, 30, 33 - 35, 88, 95, 96, 116, 130 - 132, 173, 175, and 178, all equipped with a Sumiyama feedwater heater, were converted to standard gauge and sent to the Central China Railway in 1939, where they operated primarily between Nanjing and Shanghai, at first with their original JGR numbers, later as パシナ (Pashina) class. After the Liberation of China and the establishment of the People's Republic, these became China Railway class ㄆㄒ9 (PX9) in 1951, and reclassified as class SL9 (勝利9, Shènglì, "victory") in 1959.^[2]

Preserved examples

As of 2012, four Class C51 locomotives were preserved at various locations.

• C51 5: At the Railway Museum in Saitama, Saitama (formerly preserved outdoors at the Ome Railway Park in Ome, Tokyo^[3]
• C51 44: At Akita Depot in Akita, Akita^[3]
• C51 85: At Kagoshima Depot in Kagoshima, Kagoshima^[3]
• C51 239: At the Umekoji Steam Locomotive Museum in Kyoto^[3]