Ja is a letter of related and vertically oriented alphabets used to write Mongolic and Tungusic languages.[1]: 549–551 

Mongolian language

Look up ᠵ in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

Main articles: Mongolian script, Mongolian writing systems, and Mongolian language
Ja
The Mongolian script
Mongolian vowels
ᠠ​
a
ᠡ​
e
ᠢ​
i
ᠣ​
o
ᠤ​
u
ᠥ​
ö
ᠦ​
ü
ᠧ​
(ē)
Mongolian consonants
ᠨ​
n
ᠩ​
ng
ᠪ​
b
ᠫ​
(p)
ᠬ​
q/k
ᠭ​
γ/g
ᠮ​
m
ᠯ​
l
ᠰ​
s
ᠱ​
š
ᠲ​
t
ᠳ​
d
ᠴ​
č
ᠵ​
ǰ
ᠶ​
y
ᠷ​
r
ᠸ​
(w)
Foreign consonants
Letter[2]: 13, 17, 24 [3]: 546 [4]: 212, 214 
ǰ (j) Transliteration[note 1]
ᠵ‍ Initial
‍ᠵ‍ Medial (syllable-initial)
— Medial (syllable-final)
(‍ᠵ) Final[note 2]
C-V syllables[6]: 28 
ǰ‑a, ǰ‑e ǰa, ǰe ǰi ǰo ǰu ǰö, ǰü Transliteration
ᠵ᠎ᠠ⟨?⟩ ⟨⟩[a] ᠵᠠ[b] ᠵᠢ[c] ᠵᠣ᠋ ᠵᠥ᠋ Alone
ᠵᠣ[d] —
— ᠵᠠ‍ ᠵᠢ‍ ᠵᠣ‍ ᠵᠥ‍ Initial
‍ᠵᠠ‍ ‍ᠵᠢ‍ ‍ᠵᠣ‍ Medial
‍ᠵᠠ ‍ᠵᠢ ‍ᠵᠣ Final

Clear Script

Look up ᡓ in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

Main article: Clear Script

Xibe language

Look up ᡪ in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

Main article: Xibe language § Alphabet

Manchu language

Look up ᠵ in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

Main article: Manchu alphabet

Notes

  1. ^ [3]: 546  As in ǰ‑a (за(а) za(a)) 'well', 'allright';[2]: 24 [4]: 345 [7] emphatic final;[8]: 46, 59  ǰ‑a particle expressing presumption, probability, or hope;[10]: 1018  doubt-expressing ǰ‑a and corroborative ǰ‑e particle.[11]: 104 
  2. ^ As in the interjection ᠵᠠ ǰa (заа zaa) 'all right, yes, very good, well!, now then'.[10]: 1018 
  3. ^ See the separated  ᠶᠢ⟨?⟩ ‑yi suffix.
  4. ^ As in ᠵᠣ ǰo (зоо zoo) 'vertebrae'.[10]: 1065 
  1. ^ Scholarly transliteration, with alternative in parentheses.[5]
  2. ^ Not found in native Mongolian words.

References

  1. ^ "The Unicode Standard, Version 14.0 – Core Specification Chapter 13: South and Central Asia-II, Other Modern Scripts" (PDF). www.unicode.org. Retrieved 2022-05-16.
  2. ^ a b Poppe, Nicholas (1974). Grammar of Written Mongolian. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. ISBN 978-3-447-00684-2.
  3. ^ a b c Daniels, Peter T.; Bright, William (1996). The World's Writing Systems. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-507993-7.
  4. ^ a b Bat-Ireedui, Jantsangiyn; Sanders, Alan J. K. (2015-08-14). Colloquial Mongolian: The Complete Course for Beginners. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-317-30598-9.
  5. ^ a b "Mongolian transliterations" (PDF). Institute of the Estonian Language. 2006-05-06.
  6. ^ a b Skorodumova, L. G. (2000). Vvedenie v staropismenny mongolskiy yazyk Введение в старописьменный монгольский язык (PDF) (in Russian). Muravey-Gayd. ISBN 5-8463-0015-4.
  7. ^ "Mongolian State Dictionary". Mongol toli (in Mongolian). Retrieved 2022-05-16.
  8. ^ a b Grønbech, Kaare; Krueger, John Richard (1993). An Introduction to Classical (literary) Mongolian: Introduction, Grammar, Reader, Glossary. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. ISBN 978-3-447-03298-8.
  9. ^ "Mongolian Transliteration & Transcription". collab.its.virginia.edu. Retrieved 2023-03-26.
  10. ^ a b c Lessing, Ferdinand (1960). Mongolian-English Dictionary (PDF). University of California Press. Note that this dictionary uses the transliterations c, ø, x, y, z, ai, and ei; instead of č, ö, q, ü, ǰ, ayi, and eyi;: xii  as well as problematically and incorrectly treats all rounded vowels (o/u/ö/ü) after the initial syllable as u or ü.[9]
  11. ^ Chiodo, Elisabetta (2000). The Mongolian Manuscripts on Birch Bark from Xarbuxyn Balgas in the Collection of the Mongolian Academy of Sciences. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. ISBN 978-3-447-05714-1.
  12. ^ a b "Mongolian Traditional Script". Chinese, Japanese, Vietnamese, and Mongolian Language Site. Retrieved 2022-05-16.
  13. ^ "Writing – Study Mongolian". Study Mongolian. August 2013. Retrieved 2022-05-16.
  14. ^ "Mongolian / ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ Moŋġol" (PDF). Institute of the Estonian Language. 2015-12-27.
  15. ^ Clauson, Gerard (2005-11-04). Studies in Turkic and Mongolic Linguistics. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-134-43012-3.
  16. ^ Janhunen, Juha (2006-01-27). The Mongolic Languages. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-135-79690-7.
  17. ^ jowilco. "Windows keyboard layouts - Globalization". Microsoft Docs. Retrieved 2022-05-16.
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