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((Short description|British priest))
((Other people|John Russell))
((Use dmy dates|date=March 2024))
((more citations needed|date=September 2012))
((Infobox person
| honorific_prefix   = [[The Reverend]]
| name               = Jack Russell
| honorific_suffix   = 
| image              = Parson-John-Russel.jpg
| image_size         = 
| alt                = 
| caption            = Russell dressed in his hunting clothes
| birth_date         = ((Birth date|df=yes|1795|12|21))
| birth_place        = [[Dartmouth, Devon|Dartmouth]], [[Devon]], England
| death_date         = ((Death date and age|df=yes|1883|04|28|1795|12|21))
| death_place        = [[Black Torrington]], Devon, England
| resting_place      = [[Swimbridge]], Devon, England
| resting_place_coordinates = <!-- ((Coord|LAT|LONG|display=inline)) -->
| monuments          = 
| alma_mater         = [[Exeter College, Oxford]]
| known_for          = [[Dog breeder]]
))
'''John Russell''' (21 December 1795 – 28 April 1883), was an English [[parson]] who served as [[vicar]] of [[Swimbridge]] from 1832 to 1872. An enthusiastic [[Fox hunting|fox-hunter]] and [[dog breeder]],<ref>((cite web |url=http://www.parsonrussellterrierclub.co.uk/history.html |title=The Parson Russell Terrier Club, UK - Introduction to the breed |publisher=Parsonrussellterrierclub.co.uk |accessdate=13 April 2011 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110505044647/http://www.parsonrussellterrierclub.co.uk/history.html |archivedate=5 May 2011 ))</ref> Russell developed the [[Jack Russell Terrier]] and the [[Parson Russell Terrier]], both of which are a variety of the [[Fox Terrier]] breed.<ref>"A Field Guide to the English Clergy' Butler-Gallie, F p90: London, Oneworld Publications, 2018 ((ISBN|9781786074416))</ref>

==Early life==
Russell was born on 21 December 1795 in [[Dartmouth, England|Dartmouth]], [[South Devon]], the eldest son of John Russell and Nora Jewell.<ref name="biog464">((cite DNB|wstitle=Russell, John (1795-1883)|volume=49|page=464))</ref> He lived at Sandhill House.

He was educated at [[Plympton Grammar School]], [[Blundell's School]], [[Tiverton, Devon|Tiverton]]<ref>((cite web |url=http://www.blundells.org/admin/school_notable-obs.htm#18thc |title=Famous OBs |publisher=blundells.org |accessdate=13 April 2011 |archive-date=5 June 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110605030731/http://www.blundells.org/admin/school_notable-obs.htm#18thc |url-status=dead ))</ref> and [[Exeter College, Oxford]].

==Sporting career==
According to local legend, it was at Exeter College where he spotted a little white [[terrier]] with dark tan spots over her eyes, ears and at the tip of her tail, who was owned by a local milkman in a nearby small [[hamlet (place)|hamlet]], identified as either [[Elsfield]]<ref>((cite book|last=Davies|first=Norman|title=Europe: A History|publisher=Oxford University Press|date=1 January 1996|page=343|isbn=978-0-19-820171-7|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jrVW9W9eiYMC&pg=PA343))</ref> or [[Marston, Oxford|Marston]].<ref>[http://www.oxfordtimes.co.uk/leisureold/pasttimes/1146438.from_the_civil_war_to_jack_russell_breed/ From the civil war to Jack Russell breed by Chris Koenig, ''Oxford Times'' 25 January 2007]</ref><ref>((cite web |url=http://www.jack-russell-terrier.co.uk/breed/history_of_the_breed.html |title=A brief history of the Jack Russell - Jack Russell Terrier UK |publisher=Jack-russell-terrier.co.uk |accessdate=13 April 2011 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110402040423/http://www.jack-russell-terrier.co.uk/breed/history_of_the_breed.html |archivedate=2 April 2011 ))</ref> Russell bought the dog on the spot and this animal, called "Trump", became the foundation of a line of [[fox hunting]] terriers that became known as [[Jack Russell Terrier]]s. They were well-suited by the shortness and strength of their legs for digging out foxes which had "gone to earth" having been hunted over-ground by [[fox hounds]].

Russell was a founding member of [[The Kennel Club]].<ref>((cite web |url=http://dogwebs.net/PlentifulRun/aboutus.asp |title=Plentiful Run Parson Russell Terriers - About Us |publisher=Dogwebs.net |accessdate=13 April 2011 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110723102613/http://dogwebs.net/PlentifulRun/aboutus.asp |archivedate=23 July 2011 ))</ref> He helped to write the [[breed standard]] for the [[Fox Terrier (Smooth)]] and became a respected judge. He did not show his own [[Fox Terrier|fox terrier]]s on the [[Conformation show|conformation]] bench, saying that the difference between his dogs and the conformation dogs could be likened to the difference between wild and cultivated flowers.

==Clerical career==
In 1832, Russell was appointed vicar of [[Swimbridge]] in North Devon, where the local [[public house]] was renamed the "Jack Russell Inn" and still stands today. He was also rector of [[Black Torrington]] in Devon.<ref>Vivian, p.499</ref> At Swimbridge, Russell enjoyed a hectic social life, with formal dining, charity fundraising, and an active career as a [[Freemason]].<ref>((cite web |url = http://caninechronicle.com/current-articles/parson-john-jack-russell-and-the-jack-russell-terrier/ |title = Parson John (Jack) Russell and the Jack Russell Terrier |last= Hörter|first= Ria|year= 2012|publisher = The Canine Chronicle |access-date = 16 April 2019 ))</ref> The noted Historian [[WG Hoskins]] described Russell as "futile" <ref> Devon by W.G.Hoskins. Pub. David & Charles : Newton Abbot. 1978.Page 100.</ref>

==Marriage==
In 1826, at Swimbridge he married Penelope Incledon-Bury, third daughter and co-heiress of Vice-Admiral Richard Incledon-Bury (1757-1825), [[Royal Navy]], [[lord of the manor]] of [[Colleton, Chulmleigh]] in Devon,<ref>[[John Lambrick Vivian|Vivian, Lt.Col. J.L.]], (Ed.) The Visitations of the County of Devon: Comprising the Heralds' Visitations of 1531, 1564 & 1620, Exeter, 1895, p.499, pedigree of Incledon</ref> who resided at [[Dennington]], Swimbridge. Russell is said to have had expensive [[Gambling|sporting habits]] both on and off the hunting-field, which drained the substantial resources of his heiress wife and left the estate of Colleton in poor condition.<ref>Lauder, Rosemary Anne, A Tale of Two Rivers, Bideford, 1986, p.72</ref>

==Death and burial==
Russell died on 28 April 1883 at Black Torrington Receptory, and was buried in the churchyard of St. James's Church, [[Swimbridge]], where he had served as vicar for 40 years.<ref>((cite web|url=http://www.swimbridgeparishchurch.org/history.html|title=History of Swimbridge Parish Church of St. James|publisher=swimbridgeparishchurch.org|accessdate=4 December 2013))</ref>

==See also==
*[[Jack Russell Terrier]]
*[[Parson Russell Terrier]]
*[[Russell Terrier]]

==References==
((Reflist))

==Further reading==
*''Parson Jack Russell: The Hunting Legend 1795-1883'' by Charles Noon, Halsgrove Publishers.
*((cite encyclopedia |encyclopedia=[[Oxford Dictionary of National Biography]]| year=2004|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]))
*Baker, Margaret Mitford. Jack Russell, hunting parson of old Devon. Devon Life vol. 7 no. 56 (1971) pp.&nbsp;37. [1796-1833]
*Davies, E.W.L. A memoir of the Rev. John Russell and his out-of-door life. (New ed.) London: Richard Bentley & Son, (1883), portrait, xii, 397 pp. [Index]
*Kerr, Eleanor. Hunting parson: the life and times of the Reverend John Russell. London: Herbert Jenkins (1963) 192p, plates: ill.
*Lamplugh, Lois. Parson Jack Russell of Swimbridge. Swimbridge: Wellspring (1994) [ii], 27p: ill, ports [((ISBN|0951534734))]
*Noon, C. Parson Jack Russell: The Hunting Legend 1995–1883, Halsgrove Press, Tiverton (2000) 144 pp. [((ISBN|1841140503))]
*Pepper, Frank S. Parson Jack Russell. Swimbridge: Church Council (1981) 8p. [Westcountry Studies Library - p920/RUS]
*Lifetime Passion for All Forms of Hunting: The Sporting Parson The Reverend John Russell. Devon Family Historian 84 (1997) pp.&nbsp;2–3. [The Hunting Parson who bred the Jack Russell terrier]

((Authority control))

((DEFAULTSORT:Russell, Jack))
[[Category:Dog breeders]]
[[Category:People from Dartmouth, Devon]]
[[Category:1795 births]]
[[Category:1883 deaths]]
[[Category:Masters of foxhounds in England]]
[[Category:People educated at Blundell's School]]
[[Category:Alumni of Exeter College, Oxford]]

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