The Jackson Police Department (JPD) provides law enforcement to approximately 175,000 residents within the 120-square-mile (310 km2) Hinds County portion of Jackson, Mississippi, United States.[1] It was reported that JPD had 335 sworn offices in 2019, and 225 in 2023.[4]
History
The Jackson Police Department was founded in 1822, one year after the founding of city.[5] In 1873, badges and uniforms were provided to officers, and in 1878, the department assigned its first specialized officer, a "first detective".[5] Specialized units to follow were patrol officers and desk sergeants.[5] A training academy was established in 1965, and the first female officer was hired in 1972.[5] In 2006, Shirlen Anderson was appointed the first female chief.[5]
The department was accredited for the first time by the Mississippi Law Enforcement Accreditation Commission in 2016.[6] At that time, JPD was the largest of 27 police departments accredited in Mississippi.[6]
In 2020, JPD opened a Real-Time Crime Center, where officers could access 600 public and private surveillance cameras in the city.[7]
In 2023, NPR reported that Jackson's homicide rate in 2021 was about 14 times the national rate, and "the under-staffed Jackson Police Department has struggled to keep up with 30 thousand calls for service per month" and a "stubborn crime problem".[8] In response, the state legislature in 2023 expanded the jurisdiction of the Mississippi Capitol Police into an 8.7-square-mile (23 km2) area in Jackson called the Capitol Complex Improvement Zone, an area with a larger white population than the rest of the city.[8] Jackson's mayor Chokwe Antar Lumumba described the increased policing in this area as "apartheid".[8]
Jackson State killings
On May 15, 1970, during a period of student unrest over the Vietnam War and other issues, officers with the Jackson Police and the Mississippi Highway Safety Patrol opened fire with more than 150 rounds of "shotgun, carbine, rifle, and submachine gun fire", including armor-piercing bullets, on a women's dormitory at Jackson State College, killing Phillip Gibbs, a prelaw major, and James Green, a local high school student, and injuring 12 others.[9] A federal commission found the response "unreasonable, unjustified" and "clearly unwarranted", and that the Jackson officers then engaged in a "pattern of deceit", with each officer falsely claiming he had not fired a shot, until shells collected by the highway patrol were surrendered under federal grand jury order, and FBI laboratory tests confirmed that they had been fired by city police shotguns.[9]
